基于小波变换和高斯函数的影像去噪方法研究

提出了小波变换与高斯函数相结合进行影像去噪的方法,在去除高斯白噪声的同时能够有效去除椒盐噪声。此方法是在小波域内结合小波变换的特点对高频子带分别进行高斯低通滤波,将滤波后的小波系数经过反变换后即可得到经过去噪后的影像。实验表明该方法不仅对高斯噪声和椒盐噪声去噪效果明显,而且保留了影像的细节信息,其滤波效果优于中值滤波和小波软阈值法。     

彻斯匹湾挤压构造单道气枪和水枪地震资料处理成像

在彻斯匹克湾地区采集的的20个2D地震剖面目的是为了分析挤压构造的细节以及对火流星挤压产生的凹陷进行更准确的成像。我们尤其重视对盆地地震反射信号的加强。处理先做了第二零点预测反褶积，后接着做了子波反褶积提高了浅层反射的分辨率，采用匹配滤波来加强基底反射。反褶积、匹配滤波以及二维信号增强技术（F-X滤波）显著改善了地震剖面的可解释性。     

单道数字滤波在地震中的应用

常规的最小平方时间域滤波方法发展迅速，它能较地用到各咎地震数据的滤波中，一维有限脉冲频域波可有效地压制干扰。但在当今的数据处理中要选择地应用。     

海洋天然气水合物勘探地震处理的最小平方反滤波设计及其应用

地震勘探的BSR识别技术是发现海洋天然气水合物的最经济、快捷、方便、有效的方法.在地震处理识别上,对子波的精确处理是水合物地震资料处理中最关键的一个环节,采用最小平方误差准则,即利用实际输出与期望输出的误差平方和为最小的条件,来确定反滤波因子,因此又称为最小平方子波整形.在地震处理程序中引入三种期望输出,即俞氏子波、雷克子波、Buttworth子波,对子波零相位化有较好的效果.根据上面的原理,我们开发了一套最小平方反滤波地震处理软件,对天然气水合物地震勘探资料进行试处理的结果表明,该软件在提高分辨率的同时保持了较高的信噪比.     

OpendTect软件倾角控制模块在地震解释中的应用

OpendTect软件是集地震数据处理、解释和三维可视化于一体的新一代地震资料解释系统,其基础系统平台是完全开放的,可供其他研究机构在平台基础上开发相应的模块^[1]。该解释系统除具备一般解释软件所具有的普遍功能如地震资料属性提取、层位追踪外^[2],基于倾角控制（dip-steering）的中值倾角滤波（media-dip-steering filter）是其优于其他地震解释软件的主要特色之一^[3],经实例验证中值滤波后可以显著提高地震剖面质量,在此基础上做层位追踪或属性提取可以提升确信度。结合应用实例介绍这一核心模块,并交流使用心得。     

主能量脉冲反褶积

本文提出的主能量脉冲反褶积方法,旨在保持原反褶积相位特性的同时将有效频带拓宽为期望输出的主能量谱,以期获得更为可靠的地震分辨率。其首先根据地震波的有效频带范围设计出期望输出的主能量谱,然后通过主能量谱滤波获得主能量信号,并以其为输入求取初始的反褶积因子,再在保持初始反褶积因子相位特性的前提下以主能量谱为期望的振幅谱,求取1个优化的反褶积因子,最后即可通过褶积运算获得期望输出的地震信号。     

主能量脉冲反褶积

本文提出的主能量脉冲反褶积方法,旨在保持原反褶积相位特性的同时将有效频带拓宽为期望输出的主能量谱,以期获得更为可靠的地震分辨率.其首先根据地震波的有效频带范围设计出期望输出的主能量谱,然后通过主能量谱滤波获得主能量信号,并以其为输入求取初始的反褶积因子,再在保持初始反褶积因子相位特性的前提下以主能量谱为期望的振幅谱,求取1个优化的反褶积因子,最后即可通过褶积运算获得期望输出的地震信号.     

基于自适应核时频分析的地震数据处理方法

本文提出了一种基于自适应核时频表示的最佳滤波方法。通过理论模型验证了该方法的灵活性和在时频谱上的聚焦能力,用于实际叠前与叠后地震资料的处理也取得了极好的去噪效果。结果表明该方法可以同时提高地震资料的信噪比与分辨率,对地层岩性变化具有更高的识别精度,为后续高精度解释工作奠定了坚实基础。     

多波束点云滤波算法初步研究及适用性分析

为提高多波束数据处理的准确性和简便性,研究了多波束水深点云处理的策略和关键算法,构建了kd-tree(k-dimensional tree)结构加速点云查找,针对大尺度噪点设计了半径滤波和统计滤波算法,针对小尺度噪点提出了双边滤波算法,并对以上算法的适用性进行了探讨分析。实验结果表明,当设置适合的滤波阈值,半径滤波和统计滤波能高效去除大尺度噪点,且保留地形特征,总误差分别为2.25%和2.76%。在大尺度噪点去除的基础上,改进的双边滤波可以实现地形平滑的同时,保持水深点云的有效数据量。研究成果为多波束点云数据的自动化处理提供了解决方案,对多波束测量工作的效果和效率提升做了有益尝试。     

基于地震波相似性的非局部均值滤波压制异常振幅噪音

非局部均值滤波是根据图像中各像素点间的相似性对图像进行去噪处理,但该方法不能有效压制图像中的异常振幅噪音。共偏移距道集(按炮点坐标排序的等炮检距道集)中同时刻的地震信号具有相似性高且分布范围集中的特征,因此可根据非局部均值滤波的权函数判断信号中的异常振幅噪音。基于上述理论,提出了基于地震波相似性的非局部均值滤波异常噪音压制方法,以有效地压制地震信号中的随机噪音与异常振幅噪音。该方法是在共偏移距道集中根据非局部均值滤波权函数来判断信号中的异常振幅噪音,并采用局部振幅统计估算对异常振幅噪音进行压制,从而达到去除地震信号中随机噪音和异常振幅噪音的目的。理论与实际地震数据试算结果表明,笔者所提出的方法可以有效地压制地震信号中的随机噪音和异常振幅噪音,可以让地震资料的信噪比得到进一步提高。     

A new inverse filtering method of gravity field

A new method for inversion of gravity field using the technique of inverse filtering is presented in this paper to calculate the structure of crust.After inversing gravity data of West Pacific and Okinawa Trough, it has been proven that the method of inverse filtering has many advantages, such as high accuracy, fast convergence rate, small memory space used and arbitrary reduction of sampling interval. This new method is convenient to minicomputer for solving the inverse problem of crustal structure.     

联合小波和NLM滤波的侧扫声纳回波信号降噪

为进一步降低侧扫声纳回波信号中非高斯分布的乘性噪声,获取更佳效果的侧扫声纳图像,提出了一种利用小波和NLM(nonlocal means)滤波的组合降噪方法.首先采用同态变换将侧扫声纳回波ping信号中的乘性噪声转换为加性噪声,然后利用小波阈值和NLM滤波对侧扫声纳每ping回波数据实施降噪处理,最后经过小波反变换和指...     

Side-scan sonar mapping and computer-aided interpretation in the Santa Barbara Channel,California

We have experimented with digital processing of side scan sonar data taken in a 14 sq-km area of continental shelf offshore Southern California. The data were FM tape recorded during the survey and digitized and processed later in the laboratory. The digital image processing included both image correction and image enhancement. Geometric corrections were applied to correct for image distortions due to variable ship position and speed and sonar slant range. Enhancements that were tried included contrast stretching, band-pass filtering, image restoration (inverse filtering), and various edge enhancements such as density slicing and standard deviation filters. Interpretive procedures were also attempted and included digital mosaicking, stereoscopic viewing, and falsecolor display. The most effective processing was geometric correction combined with contrast stretching. Mosaicking proved difficult due to imprecise navigation (±50 m), but was very effective in increasing the understanding of the geologic structure in the survey area.     

地球物理勘探数据处理──递归滤波与褶积滤波计算量对比

在地球物理勘探数据处理中，通过实例计算表明，递归滤波可达到褶积滤波效果，又大大减少了计算量，提高了滤波速度。     

Spatial filtering for speckle reduction, contrast enhancement, andtexture analysis of GLORIA images

This paper reports a comparative study of digital enhancement techniques using spatial filtering to improve the geologic interpretation of side-scan sonar GLORIA images. Seven algorithms for speckle reduction with window sizes of 3×3-7×7 pixel and various numbers of iterations were tested for cosmetic purposes, and also to improve subsequent image processing. The filtered images were evaluated using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. It was determined that a normalized inverse gradient weighted smoothing scheme, with a 3×3 pixel filter and five iterations, allows a significant speckle reduction without blurring the edges in the GLORIA image which correspond to geological structures. Three local contrast enhancement techniques were also tested and evaluated to increase the perception of these geologic structures. Subtracting the gradient magnitude twice, calculated with spatial filters of a 5×5 pixel on smoothed images, was found to enhance most GLORIA images. Texture analysis methods developed for GLORIA images of mid-oceanic ridges and based on edge detection and orientation determination by spatial filtering are also presented. It enables the GLORIA mosaic of the Rodriguez triple junction (Indian Ocean) to be partitioned into regions of preferred orientation corresponding to the different seafloor fabrics generated at each arm of the triple junction     

The effect of wave period filtering on wave power extraction and device tuning

The variations in the quantity of wave power available to a wave energy converter by filtering out short-period waves have been examined in this paper. Ocean wave data recorded at three different locations and water depths around northern Europe are used for this purpose along with numerically synthesized wave time series. A wave power ratio, defined as the ratio between the wave power for the filtered and unfiltered data, is calculated for each data set, and the variation of this quantity with the degree of filtering is investigated. Two new parameters namely, R and S are defined to quantify the effect of this filtering on the variation of wave-to-wave period and height. It is shown that removing the shorter period waves has little effect upon the power available for extraction but may significantly reduce the rate at which the wave energy converter must retune to achieve optimum power conversion.     

基于中值滤波加权修正的多波束声呐测深数据趋势面滤波方法

针对传统趋势面滤波方法中多项式拟合曲面系数向量的求取和作为阈值的均方根误差的求取都受到异常数据的影响,使该方法在异常测深数据较多的情况下滤波效果不佳的问题,提出了一种中值滤波加权修正的改进方法。在构造趋势面之前,对水深数据进行加权修正,以前后两次修正后数据的拟合优度的变化量作为是否进行下一步水深修正的依据,利用最终修正后的水深数据求取多项式拟合曲面系数向量和均方根误差,大幅降低了异常数据的影响,具有很强的抗差性。经仿真模拟数据和多波束实测数据滤波试验,该方法在异常数据较多的情况下依然良好,能够保持良好的滤波效果,明显优于传统趋势面滤波;同时,该方法能够保持较高的运算效率,适用于海量多波束测深数据的自动滤波。