Property advertising and the representational production of suburbia: “Functional suburbs” and “lifestyle suburbs” in Auckland

This paper joins literature on suburban advertising with Lefebvre's concept of representational space to analyse property advertisements as part of the representational production of suburban space. Based on comparative analysis of advertising material for suburban residential developments on Auckland's “North Shore” in two time‐periods—1950s and 2010s—the paper examines changes and continuities in thematic content. While property advertisements in the mid‐1900s emphasised the “functional suburb,” paying attention to attributes such as quality of utilities and proximity to the central city, more recently advertisements have more strongly emphasised the “lifestyle suburb,” with a focus on middle‐class community and natural amenity.     

城市情感地理与空间治理：广州市区宣传类户外广告案例

受人文地理“情感转向”思潮的影响,城市公共空间研究开始关注情感对空间的构建作用,情感空间的营造与城市空间的治理存在一定的耦合关联。本文以广州市区的宣传类户外广告为例,援引情感地理与空间治理的相关理论,采用访谈、文本分析等方法,探讨宣传类户外广告在营造情感氛围过程中与城市空间的内在关联,进而讨论情感氛围与城市空间治理的联系。研究发现,户外广告尤其是宣传类户外广告通过视觉表征生产情感空间,由身体-街区-城市三个尺度构成情感化的公共空间,置身城市公共空间的个体在宣传类户外广告的话语作用下重构对城市空间的想象,产生“归属感”“认同感”和“安全感”等情感,并通过视觉、情感等非表征形式使居民在自我审视中加深群体文化认同,使空间治理内化。研究将情感地理的研究放置在城市这一中观尺度,通过广州市区宣传类户外广告的讨论丰富了情感地理的实证研究,同时对拓展情感地理研究的尺度与视角进行了有益探索。     

Masculinity, Place, and Beer Advertising in New Zealand: The Southern Man Campaign

The ‘Southern Man’ advertising campaign for Speight's beer mobilizes imagery of the South Island High Country to present a particular construction of masculine identity. The paper examines the background to the campaign and explores the meaning and impact of the advertisements.     

Measuring visual pollution by outdoor advertisements in an urban street using intervisibilty analysis and public surveys

Debates on the encroaching commercialization of public space by outdoor advertising highlight its possible negative impact on local quality of life and enjoyment of public spaces. These overstimulating outdoor advertisements are often considered a source of visual pollution, but cities have no standard way of measuring where it exists and its local impact, and thus cannot regulate it effectively. This study illustrates that visual pollution can be measured in a useful way by relating public opinion to the number of visible advertisements (intervisibility analysis). Using a 2.5D outdoor advertisement (OA) dataset (location and height) of a busy urban street in Lublin, Poland, this preliminary experiment translates visibility into visual pollution. It was found that streetscape views with more than seven visible OAs created visual pollution in this case study. The GIS-based methodology proposed could provide Lublin officials with a basic tool to assess and manage visual pollution, by informing permitting decisions on OAs.     

Marketing the Chinese Dream Home: Gated Communities and Representations of the Good Life in (Post-)Socialist Shanghai

This paper examines the advertising themes and rhetoric that have been assembled in the place-marketing of Shanghai's newly built gated communities. We demonstrate how place-marketing strategies, in this case selling the Chinese dream home, draws upon specific landscape meanings and values that are embedded in Chinese/Shanghainese history, even as symbolic and cultural capital from the contemporary scene also exert their influences. Collectively, these representations of the good life both reflect and reinforce the exclusivist housing aspirations and privatist visions of middle-class residents of gated communities in contemporary Shanghai. While advertisements do not always achieve the outcomes that property developers wish for, there is no doubt that they play significant roles in both shaping and reflecting landscape meanings and values. As medium and outcome, they reveal the growing aspirations of a new Chinese middle class.     

A natural language processing and geospatial clustering framework for harvesting local place names from geotagged housing advertisements

Local place names are frequently used by residents living in a geographic region. Such place names may not be recorded in existing gazetteers, due to their vernacular nature, relative insignificance to a gazetteer covering a large area (e.g. the entire world), recent establishment (e.g. the name of a newly-opened shopping center) or other reasons. While not always recorded, local place names play important roles in many applications, from supporting public participation in urban planning to locating victims in disaster response. In this paper, we propose a computational framework for harvesting local place names from geotagged housing advertisements. We make use of those advertisements posted on local-oriented websites, such as Craigslist, where local place names are often mentioned. The proposed framework consists of two stages: natural language processing (NLP) and geospatial clustering. The NLP stage examines the textual content of housing advertisements and extracts place name candidates. The geospatial stage focuses on the coordinates associated with the extracted place name candidates and performs multiscale geospatial clustering to filter out the non-place names. We evaluate our framework by comparing its performance with those of six baselines. We also compare our result with four existing gazetteers to demonstrate the not-yet-recorded local place names discovered by our framework.     

城市广告业集群分布模式——以深圳为例

广告业是商品经济和消费文化的必然结果,世界发达国家的广告业具有明显的创意和文化产业之特点。我国广告业在改革开放以后获得了恢复和快速发展。以深圳为例,将广告业作为文化产业服务与生产体系,采用广告业业内人士的分类框架,建构和分析了深圳广告产业的基本结构特点。运用GIS空间分析工具,识别了广告业在城市空间的分布和集群形态。结合对广告公司的深入访谈,提出广告业集群的形成和关联机制具有广告主主导型、媒体依赖型、产业关联型、成本导向型、环境氛围导向型和社会关系型等6种模式。由“广告公司-广告主-广告媒介”组成的三角博弈关系以及三方各自可能到达的地理空间范围,共同作用,构成了广告公司生存、发展、区位选择、空间流动和地域拓展的核心动力机制,任何一方的实力和地理空间变化都可能影响一个城市和地域整体广告业的生态格局。     

从跨国广告业看全球化和全球城市——以中国广告业为例

本文从广告业的视角出发 ,分析了伴随全球生产者服务业空间布局的扩张而来的区域市场和空间结构的重塑。研究的主要发现为 :(1)在跨国公司的支配下 ,中国广告业在生产组织上逐渐向专业代理演化 ,在行业规范上也逐渐向 4A的主流靠拢 ;(2 )中国广告业在上海、北京、广州三大城市的集中 ,体现了在全球化过程中形成的“区域性服务业市场” ;(3)由于市场规模大 ,中国广告业有可能向“前端” (产品定位和沟通策略 )发展 ;(4 )由于中国幅员广大 ,进入区域市场需要不同的媒体计划 ,也使得广告的全球标准化产品产出更多的地方版本。在理论争论方面 ,本文认为全球城市是都市区域全球化制度和空间的中介。     

ABANDONING MADISON AVENUE: THE RELOCATION OF ADVERTISING SERVICES IN NEW YORK CITY

This paper contributes to the literature on global cities by exploring the locational dynamics of advertising agencies in New York City. Like other cultural products industries, advertising agencies occupy dense agglomeration complexes and engage in multiple relationships of exchange with other industries. However, while historically concentrated around Madison Avenue, there have been significant changes in the location of advertising services in the 1980s and 1990s. Shifts in the geography of advertising are tied to a number of factors, including the trans-nationalization of agencies, which has led to financial pressures and a desire to cut real estate costs. The globalization of agencies has also fueled the need for improved access to telecommunication technologies. This has motivated agencies to abandon older buildings in search of newer real estate developments. Finally, the increased demand for creativity has been central to changes in the spatiality of advertising. Locational shifts have not diminished the importance of place, however. Centripetal forces continue to keep advertising firms clustered in dense spaces.     

Evaluation of a Movie Theater Advertisement Campaign to Promote Behaviors that Prevent Spread of Aquatic Invasive Species

One of the primary causes of the spread of aquatic invasive species (AIS) is boaters and anglers who move between bodies of water. Engaging with recreational boaters and anglers to encourage preventative behaviors is crucial for managing the spread of AIS. The use of cinema advertising for disseminating pro-environmental messages is a relatively novel and understudied outreach strategy. To explore this approach, an AIS-related public service announcement was placed in the preshow advertising at a movie theater in north central Wisconsin. Movie patrons were surveyed as they left the theater to determine demographic, AIS awareness, advertising exposure, and recall information. The results of this study suggest movie theater advertising is a potentially efficacious medium for pro-environmental outreach efforts.     

基于文化关联的旅游与贸易互动路径及机理研究——以宁夏与阿拉伯国家为例

以宁夏与阿拉伯国家为例,提出了入境旅游与贸易互动机理与路径假设,采用结构方程方法,对宁夏与阿拉伯国家的入境旅游与贸易的微观互动机理与路径关系进行了实证研究。结果发现：① 旅游与贸易互动路径假设均在1%或5%的置信水平上得到了验证,即关系链接对知识关联有正向路径影响,商贸关联对知识关联和广告效应有正向路径影响,信息传播对广告效应有正向路径影响。商贸关联、广告效应以及知识关联对商贸行为有正向路径影响。② 主要存在商贸关联引发商贸行为的直接路径和两条间接路径关系：关系链接→知识关联→商贸行为和信息传播→广告效应→商贸行为。③ 旅游与贸易的互动机理来看,文化关联拉近了心理感知距离,通过旅游构建了良好的人际关系和商贸关系,增加了贸易便利性、削减交易成本、消除商务距离、培育合作商机、构建商业纽带,开启了宁夏与阿拉伯国家之间的贸易规模的提升,尤其是出口贸易的迅猛增长。贸易的增长提高了旅游的便利化程度,进一步拉近了感知距离,消除了旅游成本,构建了中介关联,增加了更多旅游需求。     

基于LGCP的城市管理事件空间点模式分析

数字化城管系统累积了大量城管事件历史数据,充分挖掘事件背后的空间分布模式和事件成因机制能够为城管部门的管控工作提供决策支持。论文利用Log Gaussian Cox Processes(LGCP)模型分析了西北某地H市P区的街面秩序类、市容环境类和宣传广告类城管事件之间的空间分布差异和事件成因影响差异。研究发现：① 3类城管事件都呈现出明显的空间聚集,其空间聚集尺度最远不超过924 m;② 各类事件聚集的特征各不相同,街面秩序类贴近城区主要干道,呈路网状。市容环境类表现出在城区中心块状聚集,周边地区零星分散的特征。宣传广告类靠近交通干线呈长条状,靠近商业中区域呈块状分布;③ 城区内不同类别的POI对城管事件的影响大小不同。购物服务类、医疗保健类和居民住宅类表现出最显著的影响,说明特定区域内人群的流量和密度是影响城管事件分布的重要因素,人群的流动和聚集会加剧城管事件数量的增加。研究结果能够满足城管部门的城管事件空间分布热点识别以及事件成因分析的需求。     

Maintaining family values? Cleansing the streets of sex advertising

The Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 makes it an offence to place an advertisement for sex work in public telephone boxes. In this paper, I discuss the background to this Act, exploring the reasons why the presence of sex advertising in a public space has provoked a classic piece of 'moral panic' legislation. Highlighting the role of this new legislation in policing the boundaries between public and private space, the paper thus engages with key debates in social and cultural geography concerning the maintenance of socio–spatial order.     

Replication of a terrain stability mapping using an Artificial Neural Network

Subjective geomorphic mapping is a method commonly used for landslide hazard zonation. This method relies heavily on the skills and experience of the mapper, and therefore, its major drawbacks are the high costs and lack of consistency between products generated by different terrain mappers. In this study a method for cost-effective and consistent replication of subjective geomorphic mappings is demonstrated, by using a type of Artificial Neural Network named Learning Vector Quantization. This paper presents a study conducted in the Canadian province of British Columbia employing a high-quality data set. By utilizing Learning Vector Quantization, stable and unstable terrains were delineated with a similarity of approximately 91%, compared to the mapping produced by terrain specialists. Also, in this process, slope, elevation, aspect, and existing geomorphic processes were identified as the terrain attributes that contributed most to the quality of the mapping.     

南京市居民网络消费的影响因素及空间特征

在互联网络和信息技术的影响下,网上购物、团购等基于电子商务平台的网络消费方式得到极大发展,网络消费逐渐成为城市居民消费选择的重要方式,网络消费市场得到了较快的发展。同时,由于居民社会阶层的差别及相应居住空间的分异,导致网络消费呈现出不同的空间特征,并且对实体空间产生不同程度的影响。通过对南京居民网络消费情况的问卷调查,分析个人社会经济属性、住房状况、交通方式以及移动网络使用等体现居民社会阶层状况的要素对居民网络消费选择的影响,进而分析居民网络消费的空间分布特征,研究城市不同空间的网络消费构成和网络消费商品类型特征,在此基础上分析不同空间网络消费对交通出行和实体商业空间结构的影响程度。     

南京市居民网络消费的影响因素及空间特征简

在互联网络和信息技术的影响下,网上购物、团购等基于电子商务平台的网络消费方式得到极大发展,网络消费逐渐成为城市居民消费选择的重要方式,网络消费市场得到了较快的发展。同时,由于居民社会阶层的差别及相应居住空间的分异,导致网络消费呈现出不同的空间特征,并且对实体空间产生不同程度的影响。通过对南京居民网络消费情况的问卷调查,分析个人社会经济属性、住房状况、交通方式以及移动网络使用等体现居民社会阶层状况的要素对居民网络消费选择的影响,进而分析居民网络消费的空间分布特征,研究城市不同空间的网络消费构成和网络消费商品类型特征,在此基础上分析不同空间网络消费对交通出行和实体商业空间结构的影响程度。     

Observations on mass media reporting and individual motivation to obtain a flood inundation map—River Torrens,Adelaide, South Australia

A four-sheet set of flood inundation maps of the River Torrens floodplain in Adelaide, prepared as part of the River Torrens Flood Mitigation Study, was made available by the government in an attempt to inform the public about the flood risk. Prior levels of awareness were low, there not having been a significant flood in the area since 1931.Announcement of the Flood Mitigation Study and the maps' availability was made by news release, ministerial press conference and paid advertisements in the local press. A content analysis of the various news media's coverage of this event shows that the media generally ignored the floodplain maps and concentrated on other aspects of the news release.The maps were available free from state and local government offices, and records were kept of all persons requesting maps. In the first three months only 277 persons requested maps. Approximately two-thirds of these collected maps for personal reasons and the other one-third for occupational reasons. There was no relationship between the numbers of each sheet collected and the number of flood-prone premises on the sheet. One of the sheets shows no flood-affected premises but has been requested as much as any other sheet.The results are compared with sales figures of floodplain maps prepared for Brisbane, Queensland, after a disastrous flood there in 1974. The effect of experience of a flood is evident on both the population and the media in Brisbane when compared to Adelaide. In addition to low prior awareness of flood risk, the low prominence of the story in the mass media, the content of the media reports and the positions of the paid advertisements in the press all contributed to the poor community response to the maps.     

澳大利亚旅华客源市场特征与拓展分析

2011年至2012年是澳大利亚首届“中国文化年”,研究澳大利亚旅华客源市场十分有现实意义。文章基于连续多年的大量统计资料,从历史发展阶段、人口统计学特征、入境方式、在华旅行方式、人均消费和平均停留时间、年内时间分布规律、空间分布规律等七方面分析了澳大利亚旅华客源市场特征,并得出与已有文献不同的研究结论。结合中澳两国的最新政策,文章最后从旅游领域交往、旅游宣传推广和旅游服务质量三方面提出了市场拓展建议。     

资源型城市演化阶段识别及其发展特征

资源型城市作为一类特殊城市,发展过程具有明显的阶段性特征。本文以灯光影像等数据为基础,采用门槛面板模型、非参数估计等方法,从城市空间结构演化角度,对资源型城市发展阶段进行定量划分,并分析了不同发展阶段中心城区空间集聚对城市经济增长、城市转型的差异性特征,揭示了资源型产业对城市空间结构演变的作用以及资源型城市转型关键时间节点和政策着力点。结果表明：资源型城市空间相对分散,但不同资源类型城市之间存在较大差异;采掘业从业人员占比1.9%和31.0%可以作为资源型城市不同发展阶段的重要标志性指标;不同发展阶段中,社会经济要素在中心城区的集聚程度与城市经济增长的相关关系明显不同,成熟发展期成为资源型城市转型发展的重要转折期。     

基于城市功能格局的西安市文化产业空间集聚研究

针对以往文化产业区位特征研究中缺乏与城市功能格局有机联系的问题,以中国西部重要的文化产业集聚中心西安市为案例,采用土地利用区位商、标准差椭圆、热点分析和叠加分析等方法,分析其文化产业的空间集聚特征及与城市功能格局的耦合关系。结果表明,2016年西安市的文化产业布局具有较强的“空间+功能”依附性特征,其空间集聚以城市发展主轴为方向线,集中在以一类工业和科教功能为主、开发较为成熟的城市综合功能区。传统商贸业、物流业等要素集散枢纽对文化产业的空间集聚影响较为显著。面向生活服务的文化休闲娱乐服务业的空间分布相对均衡,而面向生产服务的文化创意和设计服务业则表现出较强的产业关联导向和环境氛围导向特征。