山东跨断层短水准异常的可能物理机理

针对2006—2008年郯庐断裂带中南段的高峰头、武胜、甘霖等跨断层短水准测量出现的显著异常变化,基于华北南部地区地震活动增强的力学背景分析和华北南部地区与青藏高原东北缘地质构造的关联性特征,分析表明,该远场异常变化可能与汶川8.0级地震的孕育和发生有关。     

鲁15井水位与塌陷地震关系的研究

介绍了鲁１５井及附近的矿井塌陷地震概况，利用鲁１５井水位对矿井塌陷地震响应的观测资料，分析了鲁１５井水位的塌陷地震前兆．指出大塌陷前的∑△Ｈ－ｔ和Ｎｏ－△ｔ曲线都有异常变化，而且这一变化出现在大塌陷前一个月左右，因此有可能利用鲁１５井的塌陷地震前兆对较大塌陷做出预测。     

松辽盆地主要发震构造土壤氢气地球化学特征

松辽盆地中部地质构造发育、断裂纵横交错,历史上曾发生多次强烈地震,其中扶余—肇东断裂、呼兰河断裂是松辽盆地内部主要发震构造。气体地球化学对地下物理化学条件改变响应灵敏,是指示地震和构造活动的有效指标,在地震短临预测、地震前兆研究以及构造活动分析中占据着重要的地位。通过在扶余—肇东断裂、呼兰河断裂的次级断裂——绥化—蒙古山断裂开展土壤氢气测量,发现活动断裂破碎带附近土壤氢气出现显著变化特征。结果表明：(1)扶余—肇东断裂各测线氢气异常阈值浓度比为1.8～2.3,异常峰值浓度比为3.0～6.4。(2)绥化—蒙古山断裂各测线氢气异常阈值浓度比为1.8～2.5,异常峰值浓度比为3.5～5.7。(3)对比异常衬度曲线发现,扶余—肇东断裂背景浓度、异常阈值、峰值浓度均明显高于绥化—蒙古山断裂,这与扶余—肇东断裂近年来地震活动显著活跃有关,可能包含了地震前构造活动增强的信息。(4)活动断裂破碎带附近土壤氢气显著变化,可能与两条断裂性质、地质构造单元、局部应力环境和断裂构造活动强弱等有关。     

鲁15井水位对矿井崩塌过程的响应分析

鲁15井水位对矿井崩塌过程有明显的反映。经初步分析表明,利用矿井大崩塌前的基些前兆现象可对较大矿井崩塌进行预报,如:大崩塌前小的崩塌活动次数加密;大崩塌前各活动期平均井水位变化、各活动期持续的时间和各平静期持续的时间都有变化;∑N-t和No-△t曲线都在大崩塌前28天出现异常     

昆明地震台地震前形变异常分析

选择昆明地震台2012—2014年形变仪记录,利用形态法、年变曲线、矢量合成法,分析云南省M_S≥5.0和全球M_S≥8.0地震前出现的短中期和临震异常特征。分析表明:形态法分析甄别出较好的临震异常,日均值年变曲线和矢量合成图分析获得较好映震效果的中短期异常。     

张北6.2级地震前京西北地区地震波速比的异常变化

对张北62级地震前京西北地区地震波速比的时空分布特征进行了分析,发现62级地震前,该地区波速比时空分布都出现了较明显的低值异常:下降—低值—恢复—下降—发震的过程。空间分布则为近似椭圆形的低值异常区,异常区外围地区地震平静。对计算结果进行了t检验,波速比的时空变化及t检验结果表明,62级地震前京西北地区地震波速比存在着比较明显的低值异常。     

祁连—西秦岭地震带流体异常震例分析

总结1980—2010年祁连—西秦岭地震带地下流体有关震例,对地下流体前兆异常特征进行统计。发现:祁连—西秦岭地震带地震异常以原始曲线方法提取出的高值、化学量、中期异常为主;流体异常持续时间与震中距成负相关关系,即异常最先出现在与地震较近的台站。     

甘肃CZB型竖直摆倾斜仪观测数据震前异常分析

甘肃省CZB型竖直摆倾斜仪观测资料显示,形变异常与中国大陆近年具有较大影响的一些地震存在对应关系,分析发现震前异常变化有2种：①渐进式异常变化;②台阶式异常变化。研究发现,在不同地震台站,同种倾斜仪器在同一地震前异常表现不同,分析认为异常形态与台址岩性和岩石完整程度有关,与台站所处地质构造和周围山体地貌有关。     

两次4.0级地震前高邮台和盐城台地磁谐波振幅比异常分析

使用江苏地区9个地磁台站2009年1月~2016年10月的分钟值数据,计算得到各台站的地磁谐波振幅比时间序列变化曲线。分析发现,2012年7月20日高邮4.9级地震、2016年10月20日射阳4.4级地震前,高邮台和盐城台地磁谐波振幅比YZH_x和YZH_y分别出现了长短周期不同步的异常变化。其异常特征表现为:(1)异常的长期变化形态为"下降—转折—恢复",在恢复过程中出现不同步现象,异常持续时间近3年,异常幅度为0.02~0.17;(2)YZH_y向的异常幅度大于YZH_x向,同时,2次地震主震的主压应力方向为EW向,存在异常幅度较大方向与主压应力方向一致的特点。     

磐石大旺地震的发震构造及前兆变化特征

本文给出了1990年10月21日磐石大旺地震的震源机制解,探讨了大旺地震的地质构造背景及其发震构造。总结分析了大旺地震前后吉林省中部地区地倾斜观测出现的异常变化及特征,结果表明:异常时间上有阶段性,异常形态上有阶跃、突跳,异常分布与构造有关。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.