考虑超固结效应的不同温度路径下饱和粉质黏土的热固结

通过室内试验,研究了超固结比OCR对不同温度路径下中空圆柱饱和粉质黏土热固结特性的影响。研究表明,同一升温过程、不同超固结比试样所产生的最大孔压基本相同,但在相同的降温过程中,随着OCR的增大,产生的负孔压的绝对值有增大的趋势;升温或降温过程产生的体应变随着OCR的增大而减小,呈指数形式变化,并且温度幅度越大,这种变化幅度也越大;经过升温-降温过程后的最终体应变也随着OCR的增大而减小;升温或降温到同一温度值,其过程设置的温度等级越多,固结体应变也越大,并且随着OCR的增大,不同等级之间的体应变差值减小,而OCR对不同等级升温-降温后的最终体应变间的差值影响较小。     

冻融循环下粉砂土应力-应变归一化特性研究

为研究粉砂在不同冻融循环下的应力-应变关系特性,进行了粉砂土的不固结不排水三轴剪切试验,试验结果表明：在围压较低时,未冻融及经历较少次冻融循环的粉砂表现出一定的软化性,但软化程度较弱;而经历一定次数的冻融循环后,其逐渐由弱软化型转化成硬化型;在围压较高时,未冻融及冻融以后的粉砂都表现出应变硬化的特征,其应力-应变关系曲线为典型的双曲线。基于Konder双曲线模型,概述了土体应力-应变关系中常见的几种归一化因子及相应的归一化条件。提出了针对冻融循环下粉砂土的应力-应变关系的归一化因子,并给出了相应的归一化条件。基于新的归一化因子,建立了粉砂土在不同围压、不同冻融循环次数下的应力-应变特性的归一化方程,并对应力-应变曲线进行预测,其试验值与拟合值较为接近,预测效果较好。     

Undrained cyclic behavior of bentonite–sand mixtures and factors affecting it

In this work, the cyclic behavior of bentonite–sand mixtures and factors affecting it were studied by means of a ring-shear apparatus and a scanning electron microscope. It was found that bentonite content had a significant influence on the liquefaction potential of the studied soils. A small amount of bentonite in the mixtures would cause the formation of “loose” microstructures, resulting in the occurrence of rapid liquefaction under cyclic loading, while a high bentonite content would cause the formation of clay matrixes, thus raising the soil resistance to liquefaction. In addition, the effect of pore water chemistry on the cyclic behavior of a high plasticity bentonite–sand mixture was carefully examined. It was also found that the presence of ions in pore water would change the clay microfabric, making it more open and thus more vulnerable to liquefaction. Finally, the effects of loading frequency on the cyclic behavior of mixtures with different amounts of bentonite were investigated. It was found that as the bentonite content increased, the influence became more pronounced.     

考虑超固结比和应力速率影响的膨胀土卸荷力学特性研究

利用GDS应力路径三轴试验系统对南阳膨胀土进行3种应力速率下、4种超固结比（OCR）的被动压缩三轴试验及3种超固结比的被动挤伸三轴试验,分析了不同超固结比和应力速率下其应力（孔隙水压力）-应变关系、有效应力路径及变形模量的演化规律,对膨胀土变形模量各向异性特性进行了初步探讨。结果表明,应力速率、超固结比及卸荷路径均对膨胀土力学特性有一定影响。在被动压缩路径和被动挤伸路径下,随着应力速率和超固结比的增加,相同轴向应变时的偏应力值单调增加;不同超固结比和应力速率时膨胀土的孔隙水压力始终为负值,且其降幅总体上随超固结比的增加而增大,但其降幅随应力速率的变化规律与剪切路径有关。在被动压缩路径下,相同应变时不同应力速率下的孔压降幅基本相同;而在被动挤伸路径下,其降幅随应力速率的增加而增大。边坡开挖路径的选择对于边坡变形影响显著,被动挤伸路径下达到设定极限偏应力时的轴向应变明显大于被动压缩路径。膨胀土变形模量E100随着超固结比和应力速率的增加而增加,但各应力速率下变形模量的各向异性特性则随着超固结比的增加而变弱。     

考虑转速比影响的砂土中螺旋挤扩钻具成孔特性宏细观模型试验

以福建标准砂为材料,采用宏细观模型试验方法,分析了转速比对松砂和密砂地基中螺旋挤扩钻具成孔特性的影响。宏观上,研究了竖向阻力、扭矩和土体应力随贯入深度的变化规律;细观上,结合环氧树脂砂土固化方法与数字图像分析技术,探讨了孔周土体相对密实度变化及其组构演化规律。试验结果表明,无论松砂还是密砂,钻具贯入时的竖向阻力、扭矩及孔周土体最大径向应力均随着转速比的增加而减小;钻具贯入导致松砂地基中钻头深度和孔周土体均发生挤密,而对于密砂则均发生不同程度的体胀;无论松砂还是密砂,孔周砂土切块环向面上的接触法向各向异性程度均随着转速比的增加而减小,而转速比对其径向面上的接触法向各向异性分布影响不大。该试验结果有助于提升对螺旋挤土桩成孔过程宏细观机制的认识。     

冻融循环对粉砂土动力特性影响的试验研究

借助GDS动三轴试验研究了不同负温下经历多次冻融循环后粉砂土的动应力、动模量、动模量比和阻尼比等动力参数的变化规律。试验发现,相同动应变下,冻融循环与动应力和动模量呈负相关性,而与动模量比和阻尼比呈正相关性,随着冻融次数增加,动应力和动模量都减小,动模量比和阻尼比都增大,通过回归分析分别给出了动模量比与动应变关系曲线和阻尼比与动应变关系曲线的归一化拟合模型。冻融循环对初始动模量和最大阻尼比影响显著。随着冻融次数增加,初始动模量减小,而最大阻尼比增大。分别对不同负温下冻融次数对初始动模量和最大阻尼比的影响进行了回归分析,提出了冻融次数修正系数的计算公式。结果表明,温度越低冻融循环对粉砂土动力特性影响越明显,经历5次冻融循环后的动力参数相对稳定,建议将5次冻融循环后的动力参数作为基本参数进行动力反应分析计算。     

饱和粉砂不稳定性的试验研究

通过对净砂和级配良好粉砂(含10 %粉土)进行一系列三轴固结不排水试验（CU）,研究了粉土、孔隙比和围压对饱和粉砂不稳定性的影响。试验结果表明,净砂与粉砂在不排水剪切条件下均会出现应变软化现象（即不稳定性）。同一围压下脆性指数(IB)随孔隙比增加,但不稳定线的应力比随孔隙比增加而减小。引用等效粒间孔隙比(ege)后,净砂和粉砂在ege-ln p?平面上拥有基本相同的临界状态线。在临界状态理论及等效粒间孔隙比的基础上,提出在同一修正状态参数(?ge)下净砂和级配良好粉砂有相似的不稳定性。     

细粒对砂土持水能力影响的试验研究

利用压力板仪,进行了不同细粒含量非饱和砂土的持水特征试验,分析砂土土-水特征曲线的特征,探讨细粒对砂土持水能力的影响。结果表明,细粒的增加提高了砂土的持水能力,不同吸力阶段细粒对持水能力的影响程度不同;基质吸力超过进气值后,细粒增加明显增强砂土持水能力。应用数学模型 描述不同细粒含量砂土的土-水特征曲线,分析了细粒含量对数学模型参数的影响,给出了细粒、基质吸力和含水率的函数关系为 。     

Undrained behaviour of Changi sand in triaxial and plane-strain compression

The results of an experimental study of the undrained behaviour of Changi sand under axisymmetric and plane-strain conditions are presented. K₀ consolidated undrained plane-strain tests and K₀ or isotropically consolidated triaxial tests on very loose and medium dense specimens were conducted. The undrained behaviour of sand at very loose and medium dense states under plane-strain conditions was characterised and compared with that under axisymmetric conditions. It was observed that the undrained behaviour of very loose and medium dense sand under plane strain is similar to that under axisymmetric conditions. However, because of the formation of shear bands in plane-strain tests, the post-peak behaviour of medium dense sand in plane strain is different from that in triaxial tests. It was also established that an instability line for plane-strain conditions can be defined in a way similar to that for axisymmetric conditions. Using the state parameter, a unified relationship between the normalised slope of instability line and the state parameters can be established for both axisymmetric and plane-strain conditions. Using this relationship, the instability conditions established under axisymmetric conditions can be used for plane-strain conditions.     

围压路径对冻结粉质砂土变形行为及强度的影响研究

目前关于冻土的室内三轴压缩试验研究多采用恒围压下的轴向加载方法,而实际工程中的受压土体基本处于围压、轴压同时发生变化的情况。以冻结粉质砂土为研究对象,进行了变围压和恒围压下的三轴剪切测试。根据试后试样变形情况,给出了试样面积的统一修正公式,研究结果表明：当含水量较小时,围压路径对应力-应变曲线的初始段和最终段没有显见影响,但在应力-应变曲线中间段,变围压下的应力-应变曲线明显在相应的恒围压曲线之下,且初始围压越小,曲线位置越低。当含水量不低于饱和值时,围压路径和含冰量共同影响着应力-应变曲线的发展趋势,且变围压曲线的最终段基本都在相应的恒围压曲线之上,中间段变化特点与含冰量和初始围压有关。围压路径对强度随围压变化趋势的影响跟含水量大小有关。当含水量较小时,两种围压路径下的强度值比较接近;当含水量不低于饱和值时,恒围压下的强度值低于相应变围压下的强度值。     

水泥偏高岭土复合稳定粉砂土渗透特性试验研究

水泥稳定粉砂土抗渗性能受粉砂土自身渗透性能、水泥用量、水灰比等因素影响显著,如何在提升其抗渗性能的同时降低水泥用量是提升工程经济效益的关键。通过开展不同水泥偏高岭土掺比、初始用水量、水泥偏高岭土总掺量以及养护龄期条件下的室内渗透试验,研究了上述因素对水泥偏高岭土复合稳定粉砂土抗渗性能的影响规律,探讨了上述因素及无侧限抗压强度与渗透系数之间的经验关系。结果表明：水泥与偏高岭土掺比为5:1时,水泥偏高岭土复合稳定粉砂土抗渗性能最佳,且该掺比不随水泥偏高岭土总掺量的改变而变化;水泥偏高岭土复合稳定粉砂土渗透系数随初始用水量增加呈非线性递增,随水泥偏高岭土总掺量增加和养护龄期发展呈先快后慢降低;基于试验结果归纳提出了4个关于初始用水量、水泥偏高岭土总掺量、养护龄期和无侧限抗压强度的水泥偏高岭土复合稳定粉砂土渗透系数经验模型。研究成果可为水泥稳定粉砂土抗渗性能提升提供理论参考与借鉴。     

粉细砂的真三轴试验与强度特性

采用柔性真三轴仪对上海粉细砂进行了一系列不同中主应力系数条件下的真三轴试验,针对中主应力对粉细砂强度特性的影响进行了系统分析。基于真三轴试验结果对Mohr-Coulomb强度准则的形状函数进行了改进,并采用试验结果对强度准则进行验证。结果表明,建立在真三轴试验基础上的强度准则能更准确地反映砂土三维应力状态下的强度特性。     

粉细砂层中锚索施工涌水涌砂的处理技术

广州市良业大厦基坑支护工程存在较厚的淤泥质粉细砂层,预应力锚索锚点位置处于粉细砂层中时,锚索施工易发生涌水涌砂现象而引发基坑事故。施工过程中通过采取跟管钻进干钻成孔、墙后孔口设置止浆袋及墙后注浆的处理措施,减少了锚索施工过程中涌水涌砂现象的发生,避免了因涌水涌砂水土流失造成基坑外地面下沉而引发的基坑事故。     

Improvement in silty sand with enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation: laboratory model experiment

Acta Geotechnica - Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is a promising method for the improvement in soil properties. In this study, a model test using a meter-scale soil model was carried...     

The effects of surcharge on liquefaction resistance of silty sand

In the recent earthquakes, numerous cases of liquefaction occurred in sands containing both plastic and nonplastic fines that resulted in significant damage. Most previous research efforts have focused on clean sands regardless whether the sand contain fines or not made evident by widespread shallow foundation failures, numerous cases of settlement, and lateral displacement. Still, despite the amount of related research, results seem somewhat contradictory. This study directly demonstrates the beneficial or detrimental effect of uncertainty surcharges on seismic responses. Models were subjected to two destructive realistic events with similar PGA with various frequency contents and duration. In this paper, the dynamic analyses were conducted as fully non-linear elasto-plastic coupled stress-flow analyses with coupled liquefaction triggering which reasonably captured the actual behavior. The silty sand deposits underlying the surcharge are capable of liquefying and developing large shear deformations that can cause serious damage. Therefore, excess pore water pressure ratio cannot be enough by itself to evaluate liquefaction potential, so the deformations should be examined. Numerical results provide an estimate of the seismic performance liquefiable deposits underlying the surcharge; these results can be useful for a realistic practical engineering.     

粉砂地基深基坑渗透破坏研究

在地下水丰富的砂土和粉土地区进行深基坑开挖,坑内降水施工或渗漏引起的渗透破坏问题是威胁基坑稳定性和周围环境的主要因素。通过模型试验结合数值模拟,研究了土体密实度、黏聚力、内摩擦角、桩土界面摩擦特性以及围护结构插入深度等因素对临界水力梯度以及渗透破坏模式的影响。研究表明,发生渗透破坏时的水力坡降不仅与土的密实度有关,还与土性、强度指标、桩表面粗糙度以及围护结构的插入深度等因素有关,这些结论为实际基坑工程分析提供了指导。     

武昌地区含粘性土粉砂承载力探讨

以武昌某高层建筑群岩土工程勘察为例,采用规范查表、理论公式计算、现场载荷试验等方法,并结合物理力学指标特征对含粘性土粉砂的承载力进行分析,结果表明：武昌地区含粘性土粉砂是一种有别于一般粉砂、粉土和粘性土的混合土,在工程性质上,它更接近于粘性土而非粉砂。含粘性土粉砂承载力的确定方法应以现场载荷试验和理论公式计算为主,且计算结果与载荷试验结果应具可比性。     

飞机荷载作用下粉砂土路基动力响应研究

随着公路跑道建设的快速发展和粉砂土路基的广泛应用,飞机荷载作用下粉砂土路基稳定性还有待进一步研究。采用拉格朗日差分方法,利用Byrne模型描述饱和粉砂土孔压变化,分析了飞机荷载作用下粉砂土路基孔隙水压力、位移以及瞬时屈服区的变化规律,并通过室内模型试验验证了结果的合理性。研究结果表明：在飞机荷载作用下,粉砂土路基超孔隙水压力、位移分布以及应力状态受加载频率、加载时间及荷载峰值影响较大,其中加载频率5 Hz是一个关键控制指标,在设计中应给予重点考虑。     

A case of the formation of underground cavities in loose silty sand deposits

A case of the formation of underground cavities to depths of some metres in loose sandy Quaternary sediments is described and the factors controlling their appearance and evolution are discussed. Special attention is given to the role of underground erosion, through the circulation of water, and to the importance of grain-size analysis of the sandy soil, as well as to the presence of slightly differentiated soil material (silty sand or clayey sand) distinguished in thin intercalations. This material, with only slightly increased cohesion, has the function of a roofing material in the mechanism of cavity formation.