Performance of real-time Precise Point Positioning using IGS real-time service

GPS Solutions - Until recently, the real-time IGS precise orbit and clock corrections were only available for the predicted part of the ultra-rapid solution. Whereas the accuracy of the ultra-rapid...     

Real-time kinematic positioning of LEO satellites using a single-frequency GPS receiver

Due to their low cost and low power consumption, single-frequency GPS receivers are considered suitable for low-cost space applications such as small satellite missions. Recently, requirements have emerged for real-time accurate orbit determination at sub-meter level in order to carry out onboard geocoding of high-resolution imagery, open-loop operation of altimeters and radio occultation. This study proposes an improved real-time kinematic positioning method for LEO satellites using single-frequency receivers. The C/A code and L1 phase are combined to eliminate ionospheric effects. The epoch-differenced carrier phase measurements are utilized to acquire receiver position changes which are further used to smooth the absolute positions. A kinematic Kalman filter is developed to implement kinematic orbit determination. Actual flight data from China’s small satellite SJ-9A are used to test the navigation performance. Results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional kinematic positioning method in terms of accuracy. A 3D position accuracy of 0.72 and 0.79 m has been achieved using the predicted portion of IGS ultra-rapid products and broadcast ephemerides, respectively.     

一种基于IGS超快星历的区域性实时精密单点定位方法

实时GPS精密单点定位需要实时的卫星轨道和钟差产品,为此提出一种利用区域GPS连续运行参考站和IGS发布的IGU超快轨道进行实时精密单点定位的方法.该方法首先利用连续运行参考站观测数据与IGU超快轨道预报部分进行实时GPS卫星钟差的估计,然后利用估计得到的实时GPS卫星钟差产品和IGU超快轨道预报部分,进行用户GPS接...     

2013年世界导航卫星回顾

首先以IGS（international GNSS service）的最终轨道产品为依据,具体介绍并验证了分析中心轨道综合的原理及方法。其次,针对产品一致性改正项,分析了其对综合轨道的影响,结果表明该项改正可以引起2 mm的轨道差异。最后针对试运行中的iGMAS轨道产品,通过对综合轨道质量稳定性和抗差性分析,进一步验证了本文给出的轨道综合方法适用于目前iGMAS分析中心多系统轨道。通过选定外部的参考产品,对iGMAS各个分析中心轨道产品及综合轨道的精度进行了初步分析。     

GPS卫星实时精密定轨及初步结果分析

提出了导航卫星实时精密定轨的滑动窗口短弧法方程综合方法。通过对全球70个IGS站的观测数据进行仿实时解算的结果表明,与IGS事后精密轨道相比,实时轨道精度达5 cm左右,达到IGS事后快速轨道精度的水平。     

GPS-assisted GLONASS orbit determination

 Using 1 week of data from a network of GPS/GLONASS dual-tracking receivers, 15-cm accurate GLONASS orbit determination is demonstrated with an approach that combines GPS and GLONASS data. GPS data are used to define the reference frame, synchronize receiver clocks and determine troposphere delay for the GLONASS tracking network. GLONASS tracking data are then processed separately, with the GPS-defined parameters held fixed, to determine the GLONASS orbit. The quality of the GLONASS orbit determination is currently limited by the size and distribution of the tracking network, and by the unavailability of a sufficiently refined solar pressure model. Temporal variations in the differential clock bias of the dual-tracking receivers are found to have secondary impact on the orbit determination accuracy. Received: 5 January 2000 / Accepted: 15 February 2001     

Precision real-time navigation of LEO satellites using global positioning system measurements

Continued advancements in remote sensing technology along with a trend towards highly autonomous spacecraft provide a strong motivation for accurate real-time navigation of satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO). Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sensors nowadays enable a continuous tracking and provide low-noise radiometric measurements onboard a user spacecraft. Following the deactivation of Selective Availability a representative real-time positioning accuracy of 10 m is presently achieved by spaceborne global positioning system (GPS) receivers on LEO satellites. This accuracy can notably be improved by use of dynamic orbit determination techniques. Besides a filtering of measurement noise and other short-term errors, these techniques enable the processing of ambiguous measurements such as carrier phase or code-carrier combinations. In this paper a reference algorithm for real-time onboard orbit determination is described and tested with GPS measurements from various ongoing space missions covering an altitude range of 400–800 km. A trade-off between modeling effort and achievable accuracy is performed, which takes into account the limitations of available onboard processors and the restricted upload capabilities. Furthermore, the benefits of different measurements types and the available real-time ephemeris products are assessed. Using GPS broadcast ephemerides a real-time position accuracy of about 0.5 m (3D rms) is feasible with dual-frequency carrier phase measurements. Slightly inferior results (0.6–1 m) are achieved with single-frequency code-carrier combinations or dual-frequency code. For further performance improvements the use of more accurate real-time GPS ephemeris products is mandatory. By way of example, it is shown that the TDRSS Augmentation Service for Satellites (TASS) offers the potential for 0.1–0.2 m real-time navigation accuracies onboard LEO satellites.     

灰色模型在快速卫星钟差预报中的应用

GPS实时精密单点定位需要实时的、精确的、可靠的预报卫星钟差预报,因此卫星钟差的预报是一项非常重要的工作,它对实时的高精度导航定位具有重要意义。为导航定位提供时间标准的导航卫星原子钟是非常精密的仪器,对外界环境非常敏感,无法将卫星钟差作为普通的白噪声处理,可以但可将卫星钟差看作是灰色系统来进行研究。本文根据灰色系统相关理论,将灰色系统模型GM(1,1)应用到卫星钟差的预报,并用IGS超快速星历建立了预报卫星钟差的灰色预测模型,研究了卫星钟差的变化规律。结果表明:灰色模型可用于卫星钟差的短期预报,它对超快速星历的预报精度与IGS产品中的IGU超快速星历本身的预报精度相当。     

GPS精密卫星钟差估计与分析

探讨了GPS精密卫星钟差的估计方法,并分析了伪距与相位观测值对估计精度的影响。基于PAN-DA软件,采用全球均匀分布的40个IGS跟踪站的实测数据,对GPS精密钟差进行估计与分析。试验结果表明,目前采用PANDA软件估计的GPS精密卫星钟差与IGS事后精密卫星钟差比较,互差优于0.2 ns,与国际IGS各分析中心估计的卫星钟差精度相当。     

澳大利亚地区GPS/BDS实时精密单点定位性能分析

本文选取了均匀分布于澳大利亚的6个IGS跟踪站,用序贯最小二乘法进行参数估计,利用从MGEX下载的最终轨道和钟差产品进行GPS RT-PPP、BDS RT-PPP、GPS+BDS RT-PPP静态测站仿真实时解算,得出所有测站的定位性能数据。实验表明:在澳大利亚地区,GPS RT-PPP和GPS+BDS RT-PPP在E、N方向平均定位精度可以达到5 cm,且在20 min左右即可完成收敛,在U方向平均定位精度可达10 cm,收敛时间为25 min左右;该地区的BDS RT-PPP定位精度低于前两者,在E、N方向平均定位精度可以达到10 cm,且收敛时间约为25 min,在U方向平均定位精度20 cm,收敛时间超过30 min,达到34 min。     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位研究

讨论了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的数学模型,并以IRKJ跟踪站的观测数据为例,分别利用GPS和GPS/GLONASS组合两种方式进行精密单点定位解算。计算结果表明,当GPS观测卫星数较多(9~10颗)时,组合GPS/GLONASS较单系统GPS的精密单点定位精度及收敛速度有一定改善,但效果不明显。当GPS卫星数较少(4~5颗)时,引入GLONASS卫星进行GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位,其定位精度及收敛速度较单系统GPS精密单点均有显著改善。     

偏航姿态对GPS和GLONASS精密轨道和钟差的影响

利用全球约110个国际GNSS服务（International GNSS Service,IGS）测站2013年全年观测数据,分析和研究了GPS和全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GLONASS）卫星偏航姿态对其精密轨道和钟差的影响。结果表明,偏航姿态对不同型号GPS卫星轨道和钟差的影响程度不同,当采用偏航姿态改正后地影期的BLOCK ⅡA型卫星轨道改善可达17 mm,BLOCK ⅡF为近5 mm,而BLOCK ⅡR几乎不受影响。由于偏航姿态对GLONASS-M卫星定轨精度影响较大,因此,当改正偏航姿态后所有GLONASS卫星相对于IGS最终轨道平均一维差异提高10 mm,相对于德国地学中心（German Research Center for Geosciences,GFZ）最终钟差平均标准差提升0.034 ns。     

New IGS Station and Satellite Clock Combination

Following the principles set forth in the Position Paper #3 at the 1998 Darmstadt Analysis Center (AC) Workshop on the new International GPS Service (IGS) International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) realization and discussions at the 1999 La Jolla AC workshop, a new clock combination program was developed. The program allows for the input of both SP3 and the new clock (RINEX) format (ftp://igsch.jpl.nasa.gov//igscb/data/format/rinex_clock.txt). The main motivation for this new development is the realization of the goals of the IGS/BIPM timing project. Besides this there is a genuine interest in station clocks and a need for a higher sampling rate of the IGS clocks (currently limited to 15 min due to the SP3 format). The inclusion of station clocks should also allow for a better alignment of the individual AC solutions and should enable the realization of a stable GPS time-scale. For each input AC clock solution the new clock combination solves and corrects for reference clock errors/instabilities as well as satellite/station biases, geocenter and station/satellite orbit errors. External station clock calibrations and/or constraints, such as those resulting from the IGS/BIPM timing pilot project, can be introduced via a subset of the fiducial timing station set, to facilitate a precise and consistent IGS UTC realization for both station and satellite combined clock solutions. Furthermore, the new clock combination process enforces strict strict conformity and consistency with the current and future IGS standards. The new clock combination maintains orbit/clock consistency at millimeter level, which is comparable to the best AC orbit/clock solutions. This is demonstrated by static GIPSY precise point positioning tests using GPS week 0995 data for stations in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres and similar tests with the Bernese software using more recent data from GPS week 1081. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

导航电文星历参数对卫星轨道精度的影响

卫星导航定位的关键是获知导航卫星的精确位置,其轨道精度与导航电文中广播星历参数密切相关。分析了由广播星历参数计算的卫星广播轨道与精密星历确定的真实轨道之间的误差,并将其投影到卫星切向、径向和法向进行仿真研究。比较了民用导航电文（CNAV）和旧民用导航电文（NAV）的星历参数的差异,利用精密星历拟和出对应的广播星历参数,研究其星历参数的变化对卫星轨道精度的影响。分析了GPS不同频点播发的导航电文中星历参数在数据帧内的结构。研究结果表明：GPS卫星广播轨道误差一周内在2到4m内变化,而其在切向、径向和法向的投影值呈现周期性余弦变化,其演变周期与GPS轨道周期近似相等,而选取改进后的17个广播轨道参数表示的星历数据于15个星历参数对比,其轨道拟和误差值改善2～3cm.     

An approach to GPS clock prediction for real-time PPP during outages of RTS stream

The international GNSS service (IGS) has been providing an open-access real-time service (RTS) since 2013, which allows users to carry out real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP). As the availability of RTS products is vital for RT-PPP, a disruption in receiving RTS products will be a concern. Currently, the IGS Ultra-rapid (IGU) orbit is accurate enough to be used as an alternative orbit for RTS during RTS outages, while the precision of the IGU predicted clock offsets is far below that of the RTS clock product. The existing clock prediction methods based on received RTS clock data will not work well if the discontinuity arises shortly after the start of the RT-PPP processing due to the lack of RTS clock data to fit the prediction model or to predict clock offsets at a high precision. Even if there is a sufficient amount of RTS clock data available, saving large amounts of RTS clock data would also use processor memory. An alternate approach for GPS clock prediction is proposed. The prediction model, composed of linear polynomial and sinusoidal terms, is similar to those used by the precious methods. The main innovation is the determination of the model coefficients: coefficients of linear and sinusoidal terms are estimated with the epoch-differenced clock offsets from the IGU observed part, while the constant coefficient is computed with the latest RTS clock corrections. There is no need to save the received RTS clock corrections, and clock prediction can be carried out even with only one epoch of RTS data. Evaluation of the proposed method shows that the predicted clock offsets within a short period of prediction time, e.g., 5 min, are slightly worse than RTS clock data. Even when the predicted time reaches up to 1 h, the precision of the predicted clock offsets is still higher than that of IGU predicted clock offsets by about 50%.     

基于IGS超快星历预报卫星钟差及其精度分析

在实时GPS精密单点定位中,能否快速有效地得到高精度的卫星钟差预报值是影响实时单点定位速度和精度的一个重要因素,由于GPS原子钟的高频率、高敏感和极易受到外界及其本身因素影响的性质使得卫星钟差预报至今都没能得到很好地解决,本文在目前的卫星钟差预报基础上,分别探讨了利用灰色模型理论、线性模型和二次多项式模型等方法,以IGS超快星历中2004年12月7日卫星钟差观测资料预报8日的卫星钟差为例进行卫星钟差预报研究,初步得出如下结论:在利用IGS超快星历的前一天的卫星钟差观测值预报后一天的钟差时,线性模型相对方便有效;而灰色模型只要选取合适的模型指数系数,能得到较高精度;但二次多项式模型预报精度较差。利用线性模型能达到或优于IGS超快星历预报钟差的预报精度。     

多模全球导航卫星系统融合精密定轨

基于武汉大学自主研制的卫星导航系统综合处理软件(PANDA),利用全球实测的GPS/GLONASS、GPS/Gali-leo试验卫星(GIOVE)多模接收机数据进行GPS、GLONASS、GIOVE卫星的融合精密定轨理论与方法研究。通过与IGS提供的GPS与GLONASS卫星精密轨道比较、轨道重叠弧段互差以及SLR观测数据检核等多种方法对融合计算的精密轨道精度进行了评定。     

顾及广播星历误差分离吸收的分米级星载GPS实时定轨新方法

当前,在低轨导航增强、对地观测和科学应用等领域,低轨卫星对轨道参数的精度和实时性提出了更高的要求。利用国际GNSS服务组织实时服务（international global navigation satellite system service real-time service,IGS-RTS）播发的GPS卫星轨道与钟差改正数,针对极区实时改正数接收中断情况下实现厘米级星载GPS实时定轨的关键问题开展研究。首先分析了实时改正数及其短时外推引起的星历综合误差的变化特性;然后以此为依据,在星载GPS实时精密定轨数学模型中构建分段随机游走的伪模糊度参数随机模型,以减小星历综合误差对实时精密定轨的影响,从而实现厘米级精度的实时定轨。采用自主研制的实时精密定轨软件SATODS,使用GPS广播星历与CLK93实时产品,对为期一周的重力场恢复和气候实验（gravity recovery and climate experiment,GRACE）C卫星的GPS双频实测数据模拟在轨实时精密定轨处理。实验结果表明,在考虑极区改正数接收中断的情况下,所提实时精密定轨方法可以达到7.04 cm的位置精度以及0.20 mm/s的速度精度,所提方法具有可行性和有效性。     

GPS卫星钟差及观测数据采样间隔对LEO卫星定轨精度影响

针对GPS卫星钟差及观测数据间隔对LEO卫星运动学和约化动力学定轨的影响问题进行了分析,并使用CODE（the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe）30 s、5 s间隔GPS卫星钟差分别进行了30 s和10 s间隔观测数据的LEO卫星定轨实验。结果表明,使用5 s间隔卫星钟差（10 s间隔观测数据）相比30 s间隔卫星钟差（30 s间隔观测数据）进行GRACE卫星精密定轨,约化动力学定轨精度提高了16%,运动学定轨精度提高了8.8%;使用30 s间隔卫星钟差和10 s间隔观测数据的定轨精度最低;对于30 s间隔观测数据,使用30 s或5 s间隔卫星钟差的定轨精度基本一致。     

GIOVE-A卫星精密定轨仿真研究

基于GPS系统的实测数据,在极为类似的条件下,仿真研究了GIOVE-A卫星的精密定轨问题。以IGS提供的GPS精密星历为时空基准,利用12个全球分布的跟踪站数据,在精确确定地面站坐标、精密时间同步以及确定对流层参数的基础上,进一步利用单颗GPS卫星仿真GIOVE-A卫星实施了精密轨道确定。结果显示,采用本文方法计算的单颗导航卫星轨道的三维位置精度优于50 cm,径向精度达到了10 cm。