一条值得重视的跨国境成矿带--南戈壁-东乌旗铜多金属成矿带

南戈壁—东乌旗铜多金属成矿带位于中蒙边境东段 ,呈北东东—北东向展布 ,处于古亚洲成矿域北部、古生代蒙古弧形构造带的东段。成矿带内主要出露古生界海相、浅海相碎屑岩、中基性火山岩夹碳酸盐岩建造及晚古生代中酸性 -酸性岩体。在成矿带西段蒙古南戈壁 ,已发现形成于晚古生代的察干苏布尔加和欧玉陶勒盖大型斑岩型铜金钼矿床。通过分析对比认为 ,该成矿带东段中国二连—东乌旗与西段蒙古南戈壁区域成矿地质背景相近 ,铜多金属具有成矿远景。近年 1∶2 0万区域化探普查和异常查证成果进一步表明二连—东乌旗地区含铜多金属矿具有找矿潜力。     

Tectonic Units and Their Fundamental Characteristics on the Northern Margin of the Alxa Block1

Abstract The northern margin of the Alxa block is the junction of a tectonic units. Four first—order tectonic units are distinguished: 1. the Yagan structural zone characteristic of an immature island arc; 2. the Zhusileng—Hangwula structural zone, which was a passive continental margin in the Early Palaeozoic and was transformed into an active continental margin in the Late Palaeozoic; 3. the Shalazha structural zone characteristic of a mature island arc; 4. the Nuru—Langshan structural zone, which was a Proterozoic orogenic belt and later evolved into an extensional transitional crust in the Palaeozoic. The above—mentioned tectonic units differ remarkably in sedimentary formations, magmatic rock associations, metamorphism and geochemistry and are bounded by faults between one another.     

Before the Scottish Survey: Alfred Harker the Geologist

The archival papers of the eminent petrologist Alfred Harker span his entire geological career of over 60 years. These are held by the Archive of the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences (University of Cambridge). Harker was associated with the Department of Geology, the Woodwardian Museum and post-1904, the Sedgwick Memorial Museum. Importantly, his meticulously labelled notebooks provide an unprecedented insight into his development as a field and laboratory scientist. They chart Harker's beginnings as a fossil collector and observer of sedimentary stratigraphy on the North Yorkshire coast, his trips to Wales and Devon with the Sedgwick Club, and his later work in the English Lake District with his friend and colleague John. E. Marr. This paper examines in particular Harker's suite of 20 notebooks kept up until 1894, including his trip to Edinburgh in August 1892. This visit introduced the young scientist to the geology of Scotland for the first time. An overview of Harker's experience and contemporary contacts suggests some reasons why Sir Archibald Geikie later invited him to join the Scottish Survey staff in 1895.     

V.I. Vernadskiy's role in organizing systematic exploration for radioactive ores in our country

This article presents a review of the early investigations of V.I. Vernadskiy and his influence on the systematic exploration for radioactive ores. Vernadskiy wrote in his early works: “We are approaching a turning point in the history of mankind, the likes of which have never been seen before. The time is coming when man will get hold of atomic energy - a source of power which will enable him to build his life as he pleases. … whether man will be able to benefit by it, by using it for good or for self-destruction.” Vernadskiy was the first to compile all the known data on radioactive minerals and rocks in the world. — C.E. Sears.     

THE EVOLUTION OF LANPING RIFT BASIN FROM LADINIAN IN MIDDLE TRIASSIC EPOCH TO EARLY JURASSIC EPOCH

THE EVOLUTION OF LANPING RIFT BASIN FROM LADINIAN IN MIDDLE TRIASSIC EPOCH TO EARLY JURASSIC EPOCH     

Professor Roman Kozlowski: Seventy-fifth birthday

The distinguished career of the founder and director emeritus of the Institute of Paleozoology, Warsaw University, is summarized. As a young man he worked in South America (mainly Bolivia); the remainder of his career has been associated with Poland, where he initiated the monographic series, Palaeontologia Polonica and the quarterly "Acta." This outstanding geologist and paleontologist contributed greatly to knowledge of the biology of several groups of fossils (brachiopods, chitinozoas, hydrozoans, histrichospherids, scolecodonts) and is best known for his graptolite studies. He discovered several new orders of Graptolithina (Tuboidea, Camaroidea, Stolonoidea, Crustoidea) and proved the phylum belongs to Hemicordata. Twenty-one of his major paleontological works are listed. — L. M. Cumming.     

哈萨克斯坦与新疆北部古生代火山岩型铀矿成矿条件对比

在收集整理前人大量研究成果的基础上,对哈萨克斯坦晚古生代火山岩型铀矿的成矿地质背景、控矿因素进行分析,并与我国新疆北部晚古生代火山岩型铀矿成矿条件进行对比,提出除继续加强准噶尔西部铀矿的勘查工作之外,还要关注准噶尔南部,尤其是西天山晚古生代火山岩型铀矿的找矿工作。     

加里东运动构造古地理及滇黔桂盆地的形成--兼论滇黔桂盆地深层油气勘探潜力

中国南方的滇黔桂地区,早古生代与晚古生代之交曾经发生过较为强烈的加里东运动,包括三个幕:寒武纪末期的郁南运动,中、奥陶世末期的都匀运动以及志留纪末期的广西运动;奥陶系与志留系的残留不全和晚奥陶世至志留纪大片古陆———滇黔桂古陆的展布是加里东运动的重要体现。志留纪末期的广西运动之后,在大致相当于早古生代“滇黔桂古陆”分布的地区形成一个特殊的“滇黔桂盆地”,而且在滇黔桂盆地的主体部位常常是泥盆系直接覆盖在寒武系之上。寒武系,特别是下寒武统,由于寒武纪初期的快速海侵作用而在研究区域普遍发育烃源岩系;研究区域的泥盆系,特别是中泥盆统,在台间盆地中发育优质烃源岩。因此,巨大的构造古地理演变和海陆变迁,形成了一个晚古生代的泥盆系优质烃源岩与早古生代的下寒武统优质烃源岩的空间叠合区域,该叠合区域的加里东运动不整合面上、下的储集体即成为该地区的深层油气勘探对象,预示着滇黔桂盆地的深层存在较大的油气勘探潜力。     

Boris Choubert: The forgotten fit of the circum-Atlantic continents

Boris Choubert was a strong supporter of Wegener's continental drift theory. In 1935, he published a very accurate fit of the circum-Atlantic continents, which was based on continental edges instead of coastlines; in the same paper, he interpreted the Palaeozoic belts as the result of horizontal movements of the Precambrian blocks; so, he greatly expanded the role of continental drift through time. This original and very prophetic work was almost completely ignored by his contemporaries. Thirty years later (1965), Bullard, Everett and Smith published in turn a similar but more sophisticated fit; they did not acknowledge Choubert's initial work. Bullard's fit was met with immediate and tremendous success. The present paper analyses the reasons why Boris Choubert was frustrated of his pioneering role. This lack of recognition is related to: (1) a great evolution in the geological concepts between 1935 and 1965, and (2) a poor choice of Choubert, regarding the title of his 1935 article.     

裴文中教授和中国史前考古学──纪念裴文中教授诞辰90周年

裴文中教授是中国史前考古学的开拓者和奠基人。他发现了中国猿人第一个头盖骨化石,确认石器及用火遗迹在这个遗址的存在;他还对非人工的“假石器”和“假骨器”,对中国旧石器文北的分期、中石器时代及新石器时代考古等方面做了大量的工作,为建立中国史前考古学体系做出了重大贡献。     

地洼学说对成矿学的贡献

地洼学说对成矿学的贡献很多很大,现已发展成为国际性的大地构造成矿学派之一,地洼学说对成矿学最突击的贡献,是创造性地从地壳大地构造单元中划分出地洼成矿区,并与地槽区、地台区并列,成为一种新型的大地构造矿区。因而扩大了找矿领域,指明了研究的新动向,获得了显著的找矿效果;地洼学说对成矿学的又一突击贡献,是提出多因复成成矿论及多因复成矿床。陈国达教授的著名论文《从地壳演化规律看多因复成矿床及其形成机理》,指出这类矿床具有多成矿阶段、多物质来源、多成因类型、多成矿作用及多控矿因素的五多特点,是多阶段多期次成矿作用的综合结果。这一理论已广泛运用于成因有争议的矿床研究。解决了多年争论不休的学术问题,指明了新的找矿和研究方向。由于地洼学说在成矿学中的广泛运用,使地洼成矿区的时代,已从晚古生代和中、新生代,推延到元古代和早古生代,地洼成矿区的空间分布,由亚洲、欧洲、非洲,扩展到北美洲、南美洲和澳洲等世界各地。地洼学说使成矿学研究引向深入,有许多领域有待探索。     

博格达山晚石炭纪造山活动的变形地质记录

主要由钙碱性火山岩、火山碎屑岩组成的博格达古岛弧是天山缝合造山带的重要组成部分 ,是一个发育较成熟的山链 ,其演化经历了晚古生代的韧性剪切收缩 ;中生代伸展调整及新生代再造山过程。晚古生代的造山活动在博格达山有很好的地质记录 ,并以显著的韧性剪切变形带的形成和发育同造山的褶皱构造为特点。剪切变形带内同构造的石英脉中的锆石U PbSHRIMP测年结果与山链中花岗岩、辉长岩年龄颇为一致 (311～ 316Ma) ,这个年龄反映在结束洋盆散聚、碰撞焊接的晚华力西期造山过程中 ,博格达古岛弧内存在一次虽不甚强烈 ,但又较为明显的构造岩浆事件 ,其成因可能与引起石炭纪大规模裂陆式喷发的深部断裂构造重新活动有关。     

赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带中多处发现含晚古生代放射虫硅质岩

作者继１９９３年１０月在赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带中首次发现晚古生代深水相放射虫硅质岩之后，经过１９９５年和１９９６年两次野外工作，又在该混杂岩带中及其两侧多处发现了含晚古生代放射虫的硅质岩及其深水相的沉积组合。从而为华南晚古生代或古生代—中生代洋盆的厘定，以及华南大地构造格局的再认识，提供了有力的新论据     

保山腊西山铜铅锌多金属矿地质特征

腊西山矿赋存在古生界崇山群变质岩系中,受区域性崇山西侧压扭性大断裂控制,矿(化)体分布于次级北西向断裂破碎带的矽卡岩碎裂岩内,矿化类型为矽卡岩型.     

Mercury in some granitoid rocks of the yukon and its relation to gold-tungsten mineralization

Data for the mean mercury contents of some granitoid rocks of the Yukon are presented. A correlation of high mercury content with plutons postulated to be the sources, or genetically related to the sources, of the alluvial gold deposits of the McQuesten area is established. In addition a relation is indicated between high mercury content in one intrusion and high content in the Palaeozoic shale host rock. A limited amount of data is presented on the mercury content of the Proterozoic and Palaeozoic rocks of the sampled area.     

拉脊山早古生代火山岩盆地开合演化岩石地球化学标志

作者从地球化学的角度，包括对常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素的分析和计算，确定了拉脊山早古生代火山岩盆地演化经历了３个开合阶段，并以慢速开裂和快速闭合为特征，最大开裂规模为２００ｋｍ，认为拉脊山早古生代只发育为小洋盆。     

Tectonic Units and Their Fundamental Characteristics on the Northern Margin of the Alxa Block

The northern margin of the Alxa block is the junction of a tectonic units. Four first-order tectonic units are distinguished: 1. the Yagan structural zone characteristic of an immature island arc; 2. the Zhusileng-Hangwula structural zone, which was a passive continental margin in the Early Palaeozoic and was transformed into an active continental margin in the Late Palaeozoic;3. the Shalazha structural zone characteristic of a mature island arc; 4. the Nuru-Langshan structural zone, which was a Proterozoic orogenic belt and later evolved into an extensional transtional crust in the Palaeozoic. The above-mentioned tectonic units differ remarkably in sedimentary formations, magmatic rock associations, metamorphism and geochemistry and are bounded by faults between one another.     

南秦岭古生代沉积盆地沉积-构造事件与热水沉积成矿

地处扬子板块北部被动大陆边缘的南秦岭古生代沉积裂陷盆地具地堑-地垒式特点,沉积建造属次稳定型。早古生代加里东期发生的构造-岩浆活动颇具特点,沉积-构造事件对盆地演化及成矿起着重要作用,其与众多的(超)大型汞-锑、铅-锌、金矿关系密切。南秦岭热水沉积成矿方式主要以同生沉积-喷流方式,成矿物质来源于盆地下源深处,热水沉积作用是其主要成矿方式。热水沉积作用形成两大系列热水沉积岩:硅质岩-重晶石岩系列;钠长石岩-铁碳酸盐岩系列。铅-锌成矿与钠长石岩-铁碳酸盐岩关系更为密切。     

学习谷德振先生学术思想,促进工程地质学科发展

谷德振先生是我国著名的工程地质学家,也是中国工程地质的奠基人。他德高望重、学术精深,且谦逊、诚挚和富有担当精神;他对后辈关怀备至,注重培养和身教言教,是青年人学习的榜样。谷德振先生是中国地质学会工程地质专业委员会的首届主任,在他的带领下,使我国工程地质学科得到迅速发展。特别是他创立的岩体结构控制论极大地推动了20世纪我国工程地质学科的发展,为我国工程地质学科发展和重大工程建设做出了重要贡献。岩体结构控制论已成长为一巨树,形成许多分支,如岩体结构分类、岩体结构力学、工程地质力学、反分析法等。南京大学优势面研究组学习他的结构控制论,找到自己的学科研究方向,以结构面为研究对象,通过30余年努力,形成一种新的研究模式和方法优势面理论。我们将优势面理论视为结构控制论生长的一个分支。21世纪,以结构控制论的学术思想为指导,引入纳米地质与纳米技术,探索宏观工程地质的自然规律和更微观规律的内在关系;在地质灾害防治与预测研究中,应注意灾害链问题,加强灾害类型、形成机理研究,给出治理对策措施。同时,应注重灾害防治决策管理信息系统研究。今年正值谷德振先生诞辰100周年,我们想起往事,记忆犹新。我们满怀敬佩和感激,撰写此文以表怀念之情。