基础宽度对地基承载力影响的数值分析

利用数值方法对传统的地基极限承载力的计算公式进行了验证,结果表明传统的理论公式中基础宽度对极限承载力的贡献是正确的。通过数值计算结果,针对目前地基规范中地基承载力特征值限定基础宽度的贡献,研究了地基承载力的合理确定方法,认为地基的承载力应根据实际基础的沉降和地基承载力的安全系数来确定更科学合理。基础宽度对地基承载力的影响已在沉降和承载力安全系数上得到反映,从而计算时不必限定基础宽度,由此可以获得更合理的地基承载力值。     

饱和砂土地基中吸力式桶形基础水平承载力研究

吸力式桶形基础不仅承受着上部结构及自身所引起的竖向荷载,还受到波浪、海流、海风等引起的水平荷载作用,在高纬度海域冬季还可能受到海冰的长时间挤压作用。利用三维有限元模型,研究饱和排水砂土条件下吸力式桶形基础的水平极限承载力和失稳模式,分析缓慢施加水平荷载时吸力式桶形基础失稳破坏机制,探讨不同长径比的桶形基础承载性能,研究桶体内外壁土压力分布情况和转动轴位置,并根据极限平衡解法,推导出饱和砂土地基桶形基础水平极限承载力计算公式。研究结果可为砂土地基条件下的吸力式桶形基础的设计提供参考。     

条形基础加筋砂土地基极限承载力计算

基于传统的极限平衡条分法,利用临界滑动场法计算了条形基础的加筋地基极限承载力。假定土体处于极限平衡状态时,土体与筋材间存在均匀的摩擦力,通过建立土体条块极限平衡方程,推导了地基承载力的递推关系式。首先,设定计算土体范围,并划分条块和离散状态点;其次,根据递推公式计算各个状态点的参数,并搜索临界滑面;最后,根据搜索出的滑面计算地基承载力。通过实例比较进一步验证了计算结果的可靠性,并分析了首层筋带埋深、铺设层数和长度对地基承载力和滑面位置的影响。研究结果表明：地基承载力随着筋带埋深的增加先增大后减小;随着层数和长度的增加先逐渐增大,最后趋于稳定;滑面位置的变化规律主要是垂直影响深度和水平影响范围增大或减小。该方法原理简单、易于编程,为条形基础加筋地基承载力的计算提供了一种新思路,是临界滑动场法在地基承载力计算中的推广应用。     

粉喷桩在砂土地基处理中的应用

《建筑地基处理技术规范》条文规定：深层搅拌法适用于处理淤泥，淤泥质土、粉土和含水率较高且地基承载力标准值不大于120kPa的粘性土等地基。对砂土地基能否处理没有明确规定，本文通过用粉喷桩对某工程砂土地基进行处理，效果不错，为以后类似砂土地基处理提供了一个成功的范例。     

砂土地基扩底挖孔桩承载力及沉降计算的理论探讨

本文根据桩端土“压缩机理”模式，按照深埋基础沉降计算原则，推出了桩端沉降的计算公式，并根据变形函数，以变形量为承载力控制标准，给出了承载力及折减系数公式。     

岩溶区地基极限承载力上限有限元数值模拟分析

岩溶区基础下伏空洞时,其地基承载力计算变得十分复杂。为考虑多种因素对地基承载力的影响,基于上限分析有限元法对岩溶区地基极限承载力进行数值模拟分析。首先,提出合理的计算假定简化,建立可考虑多因素影响的地基计算模型;其次,利用Matlab平台编制上限分析有限元程序,对地基承载力作数值计算,得到各种工况的地基极限承载力上限解,并绘制相应的分析图表;再次,分析地下空洞埋置深度、洞径和岩土体内摩擦角对地基极限承载力的影响规律;最后,通过算例分析验证本文方法的合理性。研究结果表明:地基极限承载力随D/B(径宽比)增大而减小,随H/B(深宽比)和φ增大而增大,且φ值越大H/B和D/B对地基极限承载力影响越显著;岩溶区地层中空洞存在一个影响地基极限承载力的临界埋置深度,该临界埋置深度受D/B和φ影响。     

砂土边坡深埋桩变形破坏的三维数值分析

利用三维弹塑性有限元,对砂土斜坡上刚性深埋桩水平载荷时的变形破坏进行了解析.在有限元解析中,考虑了砂土材料的低抗拉特点.结果表明,有限元计算所得到的桩基水平荷载与水平位移关系与现场实测值基本一致.此外,还利用三维有限元的解析结果,对深埋桩基随深度方向的土压与位移分布以及受压、受拉破坏的渐进性状态进行了合理的分析.     

考虑地震影响的地基极限承载力的理论解析解

本文根据塑性力学中的滑移线法,建立了地震力作用下的地基土的滑移线应力方程,并在考虑地基土的自重和不计其自重的情况下,推导出了此时地基土的极限承载力的理论解析解.     

柔性桩复合地基承载力数值计算

利用ANSYS有限元软件对柔性桩单（多）桩复合地基的承载力进行了数值计算,考虑的因素有：荷载、置换率、桩长径比和桩距,研究结果表明：随着荷载桩和长径比的增加,柔性桩单桩复合地基的桩身轴向应力峰值基本出现在距桩顶0.1倍左右桩长处,两者的变化均导致桩、土沉降有相同变化趋势;置换率的增加会导致桩承担更多荷载,但桩-土沉降变化趋势相反,不利于柔性桩复合地基的共同沉降;荷载和桩长径比对柔性桩多桩复合地基桩体承担的荷载贡献不大,但会导致桩-土有共同的变化趋势;桩距的变化能够导致柔性桩桩体承担的荷载有较大范围的变化,桩间土沉降较之桩沉降趋势更为明显,对柔性桩复合地基承载特性有一定的影响。     

ANN-based model for predicting the bearing capacity of strip footing on multi-layered cohesive soil

In reality, footings are most likely to be founded on multi-layered soils. The existing methods for predicting the bearing capacity of 4-layer up to 10-layer cohesive soil are inaccurate. This paper aims to develop a more accurate bearing capacity prediction method based on multiple regression methods and multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), one type of artificial neural networks (ANNs). Predictions of bearing capacity from the developed multiple regression models and MLP in tractable equations form are obtained and compared with the value predicted using traditional methods. The results indicate ANNs are able to predict accurately the bearing capacity of strip footing and outperform the existing methods.     

空洞上方浅基础地基破坏模式与极限承载力分析

利用极限分析上限法求解地基极限承载力问题的关键在于构造合适的破坏模式。当地基下方存在空洞时,地基的破坏模式变得相当复杂。通过分析空洞存在时地基的受力特点及破坏形态,将地基破坏范围划分成为不同的刚性区和过渡区,构造了空洞上方条形基础地基的破坏模式。利用上限法,建立与破坏模式对应的速度场,推导了破坏模式不同区域内的耗散功率和外力功率,得到地基极限承载力的目标函数,并采用数学优化方法进行求解,获得了极限承载力的上限解。通过算例分析,讨论了空洞顶板厚度、空洞大小与地基极限承载力的关系,并与无空洞条件下地基极限承载力进行对比分析。结果表明,随着空洞顶板厚度增加,地基极限承载力增加,破坏模式也由地基与空洞之间扩散到地基两侧;空洞顶板厚度存在临界值,当超过此临界值时,空洞对地基极限承载力的影响可忽略。     

Bearing capacity of rectangular footing on reinforced soil

In the present paper, a method of analysis for calculating the pressure intensity corresponding to a given settlement for a rectangular footing resting on reinforced soil foundation has been presented. The process has been simplified by presenting non-dimensional charts for the various terms used in the analysis, which can be directly used by practicing engineers. An empirical method has been suggested to find out the ultimate bearing capacity of footing on reinforced soil. The results have been validated with large-scale model tests also. The procedure has been made clear by giving an illustrative example. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of spatial variability of cross‐correlated soil properties on bearing capacity of strip footing

Geotechnical engineering problems are characterized by many sources of uncertainty. Some of these sources are connected to the uncertainties of soil properties involved in the analysis. In this paper, a numerical procedure for a probabilistic analysis that considers the spatial variability of cross‐correlated soil properties is presented and applied to study the bearing capacity of spatially random soil with different autocorrelation distances in the vertical and horizontal directions. The approach integrates a commercial finite difference method and random field theory into the framework of a probabilistic analysis. Two‐dimensional cross‐correlated non‐Gaussian random fields are generated based on a Karhunen–Loève expansion in a manner consistent with a specified marginal distribution function, an autocorrelation function, and cross‐correlation coefficients. A Monte Carlo simulation is then used to determine the statistical response based on the random fields. A series of analyses was performed to study the effects of uncertainty due to the spatial heterogeneity on the bearing capacity of a rough strip footing. The simulations provide insight into the application of uncertainty treatment to geotechnical problems and show the importance of the spatial variability of soil properties with regard to the outcome of a probabilistic assessment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复合加载情况下非均质地基上条形基础的极限承载力研究

复合加载情况下精确求解非均质地基上条形基础的极限承载力以及评价影响极限承载力的相关因素,具有很强的工程实用与理论参考价值。基于极限平衡原理,在Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则的基础上,将非均质地基上条形基础极限承载力问题等价为一个边界待定的泛函极值问题。利用变分原理得到与平衡方程相等价的积分约束条件以及相应的欧拉方程与横截条件。引入问题边界条件,利用VC++6.0编制了数值计算程序,求得了复合加载情况下非均质地基破坏时的滑裂面函数与破坏包络曲线。从理论上研究了土体内摩擦角、土体黏聚力、土层强度比与地下水位变化等因素对地基破坏包络曲线的影响。研究结果表明,其解答是地基极限承载力真实解的某一最小上限。     

Load‐displacement and bearing capacity of foundations on granular soils using a multi‐surface kinematic constitutive soil model

A finite element approach based on an advanced multi‐surface kinematic constitutive model is used to evaluate the bearing capacity of footings resting on granular soils. Unlike simple elastic‐perfectly plastic models, often applied to granular foundation problems, the present model realistically accounts for stress dependency of the friction angle, strain softening–hardening and non‐associativity. After the model and its implementation into a finite element code are briefly discussed, the numerical difficulty due to the singularity at the footing edge is addressed. The bearing capacity factor N_γ is then calculated for different granular materials. The effect of footing size, shape, relative density and roughness on the ultimate bearing capacity are studied and the computed results compare very favourably with the general experimental trends. In addition, it is shown that the finite element solution can clearly represent counteracting mechanisms of progressive failure which have an important effect on the bearing capacity of granular foundations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非均质地基承载力及破坏模式的FLAC数值分析

利用基于Lagrangian显式差分的FLAC算法，通过数值计算，对黏结力随深度线性增长的非均质地基上条形基础和圆形基础的极限承载力及地基破坏模式进行了对比计算与系统分析。研究表明：（1）随着地基黏结力沿深度非均匀变化系数的增大，地基的破坏范围逐渐集中在地基表层和基础两侧：（2）即使地基的非均质程度较小，当将非均质地基近似地按均质地基考虑时，由此所估算的承载力可能过于保守；（3）地基承载力系数随黏结力沿深度非均匀变化系数的增大而非线性地增大。与数值解相比，skempton与Peck等近似公式均可能高估了非均质地基承载力。     

砂土-风化岩地基中钻孔灌注桩抗拔承载力时效性研究

砂土及风化砂岩地基中钻孔灌注桩抗拔承载力的时效性研究至今尚无明确的研究成果,此方面的研究具有重要的意义。结合现场抗拔试验数据和灌注桩的施工工艺,对时效性机制进行了分析。结果显示,由于泥浆护壁所形成的过厚泥皮的影响,砂土及风化砂岩地基中钻孔灌注桩抗拔承载力的时效性十分明显,甚至比在黏性土地基中还要强,在前期承载力的增长较快,后期较慢。为了充分利用该类桩的抗拔承载力,建议适当延长试桩前的休止期。