江西宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩中的铍矿化作用:铍磷酸盐矿物组合

江西宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩是著名的稀有金属花岗岩,P_2O_5含量较高(平均0.56%)。该花岗岩全岩 Be 含量一般超过100×10~(-6),最高可达720×10~(-6),属于铍矿化花岗岩。本文利用电子探针技术对宜春铍矿化花岗岩中的铍磷酸盐及其共生矿物进行了系统研究。研究发现羟磷铍钙石是该花岗岩中的最重要铍矿物(BeO=15%～16%),偶尔亦可见磷钠铍石,它们主要呈晶间副矿物出现在岩体的中部。与铍矿物共生的矿物仍主要为磷酸盐矿物,如氟磷灰石、磷铝锂石、磷铝钠石,表明铍矿化作用与熔体中磷的聚集作用有显著关系。研究认为,宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩中铍以磷酸盐矿物形式结晶,而不是硅酸盐矿物,其主要原因可能为该花岗岩的结晶晚期磷的活度远远高于硅的活度,因此,P 优先作为成网离子与铍结合形成铍磷酸盐矿物。     

新疆某铍矿床工业铍矿物的微区原位鉴定

通过电子探针分析仪和微区X射线衍射仪的联合应用,对新疆某铍矿床的铍矿物存在形式进行研究,结果表明:电子探针背散射图像观察和X射线能谱定性分析确定铍矿物的电子探针鉴定标志:铍矿物的灰度比石英暗,X射线能谱图中仅显示Si和O元素的峰,且O元素的峰高大于Si元素的峰高。通过LDE3H分光晶体测试,该矿物在177.384mm处存在明显的Be元素Kα谱峰。电子探针半定量分析结果显示,该矿物中Si和O元素的质量分数分别为21.93%和60.06%,与羟硅铍石的理论值[w(Si):23.53%,w(O):60.50%]相近。通过微区X射线衍射的分析,样品谱图与PDF卡片号为01-087-0669的羟硅铍石的谱图一致,最终确定该矿床的工业铍矿物为羟硅铍石。     

绿柱石与硅铍石原位结晶实验研究

绿柱石与硅铍石均为铍矿物家族中的主要成员,是重要的工业铍矿物,利用背散射和电子探针研究矿物特性时,常可见两者共生或发生交代的现象（饶灿,2009;Reyf, 2008; Evensen, 1999）,其结晶条件对于成矿环境与成矿机制均具有重要的指示意义。前人已进行了关于绿柱石,硅铍石等铍矿物稳定性的实验研究,但研究多采用高温淬火的高温高压实验装置,误差大,且无法原位观测矿物结晶习性（王振杰, 1992;Sirbescu et al., 2009）,本文利用热液金刚石压腔,原位观测了绿柱石与硅铍石的结晶过程,得到了它们结晶的温压条件及结晶习性。     

江西宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩石中的铍矿化作用：铍磷酸盐矿物组合

江西宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩是著名的稀有金属花岗岩,P2O5含量较高（平均0.56%）.该花岗岩全岩Be含量一般超过100×10^-6,最高可达720×10^-6,属于铍矿化花岗岩.本文利用电子探针技术对宜春铍矿化花岗岩中的铍磷酸盐及其共生矿物进行了系统研究.研究发现羟磷铍钙石是该花岗岩中的最重要铍矿物（BeO=15%～16%）,偶尔亦可见磷钠铍石,它们主要呈晶间副矿物出现在岩体的中部.与铍矿物共生的矿物仍主要为磷酸盐矿物,如氟磷灰石、磷铝锂石、磷铝钠石,表明铍矿化作用与熔体中磷的聚集作用有显著关系.研究认为,宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩中铍以磷酸盐矿物形式结晶,而不是硅酸盐矿物,其主要原因可能为该花岗岩的结晶晚期磷的活度远远高于硅的活度,因此,P优先作为成网离子与铍结合形成铍磷酸盐矿物.     

新矿物（2001．1-2001．12）

本文以表格的形式列出了经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物命名委员会(CNMMN)批准、并于2001年度在各国刊物上正式发表的35种新矿物,其中硅酸盐包括水硅钡石、羟氟碳硅钛铁钡钠石、氯碳硅铁钡石、硅铁锶镧钠石、氯碳硅钡石、钾菱沸石、水硅锆钠石、斜方硅钠钡钛镧石、铈鲍利雅科夫矿、硅锆钛锶石、锶杆沸石、钒电气石;砷酸盐包括砷钠铜石、羟砷铅钴石、羟硅砷铁石、羟砷铁铜钙石、羟砷钙镍石、赛羟砷铜石;碳酸盐包括单斜羟碳汞石、羟碳铀石;硫酸盐包括羟硼钙矾石、铊明矾、斜方钒矾;硼酸盐包括氯硼锶钙石、硼铯铝铍石;钒酸盐包括水镁钒石;草酸盐包括水氯草酸钙石;磷酸盐包括羟碳磷铝钙石;硝酸盐包括单斜铜硝石;硫化物包括密硫铑矿、硫钙水铬矿;硫盐包括硫铋铜铅矿;氢氧化物包括羟铁镁锑锌矿、羟氯铬镁石;单质互化物包括副斜方砷。文中表格依次列出了矿物的中外文名称及化学式、晶系及晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产状及共生(伴生)组合等。     

萨碳硼镁钙石晶体结构的精确测定

本文对萨碳硼镁钙石(sakhaite)Ca_(48)Mg_(16)(BO_3)_(28)(CO_3)_(16)(Cl,F)_6(OH)_6·nH_2O的晶体结构进行了重新测定,求得晶胞参数:a=b=c=1.46151(9)nm。晶胞体积:V=3.1218(3)nm~3。单位晶胞中分子数Z=1,空间群为Fd3。结构测定的精度偏离因子R=0.0504。根据矿物化学成分及晶体结构特征,与前人报道的萨碳硼镁钙石及其人工合成矿物晶体结构特征进行了对比,指出本次测定的矿物与前人报道的天然萨碳硼镁钙石或人工合成矿物在矿物成分与结构上的差异,据此,讨论了我国产出的“萨碳硼镁钙石”有待重新命名的必要性。     

荣成大疃刘家铍矿矿物赋存状态

大疃刘家铍矿铍元素主要以羟硅铍石单矿物赋存在矿石中。以羟硅铍石单矿物存在的BeO占79．45％;少部分分散在其他矿物中,以赤铁矿、褐铁矿中 BeO 含量较高,其次是绢云母、重晶石等。BeO 呈分散状态占20．55％,主要集中在绢云母中,这是由于矿石中绢云母含量高所致,分散状态的BeO无法回收。根据矿石中有用矿物和脉石矿物组合,矿石类型为羟硅铍石绢云母碳酸盐岩长石石英型铍矿石。     

中国铍矿成矿规律

中国是世界铍资源大国,本次工作统计到中国铍资源产地241处。铍矿床可分为内生型和外生型。根据岩浆系统的碱铝属性,内生铍矿床可分属于过铝性、偏铝性、过碱性成矿系统;根据流体演化阶段,再分为岩浆型、伟晶岩型、岩浆热液型等3个类型;然后根据赋矿环境进一步分为伟晶岩型、花岗岩型、石英脉型、矽卡岩型、云英岩型等多个矿化形式。过铝性系统的矿石矿物主要为绿柱石;偏铝性系统的矿石矿物主要为硅铍石、羟硅铍石、日光榴石等;碱性系统的矿石矿物主要为硅铍钠石、斜方板晶石、硅钡铍矿、硅铍石、羟硅铍石、硅铍钇矿等。不同赋矿环境产生不同类型的铍矿床,对应不同的矿物组合、矿化分带、矿石结构。统计结果表明,中国铍矿床主要产于过铝性的成矿系统,偏铝性、碱性成矿系统的铍矿床较少。多数铍矿床形成于中生代,主要产于新疆阿尔泰、川西、南岭等成矿带。碱性成矿系统的铍矿床多分布在板块边缘的深断裂或裂谷,过铝性成矿系统的铍矿床主要形成于褶皱造山带,具有一定的定向分布特征。过铝性-偏铝性成矿系统的铍成矿作用可用表示不同岩浆演化阶段和成矿环境的成矿模型描述。笔者建议:在阿尔泰和川西成矿带,重点考虑花岗伟晶岩型锂铍铌钽资源的综合找矿工作;在华南地区,注意与钨锡共(伴)生的铍资源的综合利用;着重在地质找矿和科研工作程度较低的地区,包括在东南沿海、大兴安岭地区寻找火山岩型和岩浆热液型铍矿床;加大西部铍资源空白区的找矿工作。     

兴安石(Xinganite)的新资料

1981年,在地质论评第27卷第5期刊登一篇题为“羟硅铍钇铈矿——一个富含铈、铍的硅酸盐新矿物”一文。当时,这篇文章的英文稿寄国际新矿物和矿物命名委员会审查。该新矿物于1982年一月经国际新矿物和矿物命名委会审查通过。现作者根据该会的意见和建议,将其羟硅铿钇铈矿(Yttroce-berysite)的矿物名称改为按产地命名,叫兴安石(Hingganite)。此外,对该新矿物的比重,光性方位,红外吸收光谱分析曲线,矿物的晶面符号、化学式和X光分析参数等资料又作了重新校正和微小的改动。现将修改和补充的新资料整理如下:     

含超轻元素Be矿物的电子探针定量分析——测试条件的约束

铍（Be）是战略性资源,属于关键金属。Be在电子探针（EMPA）可分析的元素范围内属于最难测准的一个元素。难测准的原因在于Be属于超轻元素,其特征X-射线不但信号弱、能量低,而且易受其他元素强烈吸收效应的影响,因此硬件上需要EMPA配置大面网间距的特殊分光晶体。而不同厂家不同大面网间距分光晶体配置的EMPA在铍矿物的测试条件存在明显差异,即使同一EMPA测试不同Be矿物分析条件也不一致。尤其是占据国内市场主流的JEOL电子探针目前也只尝试分析过绿柱石一种Be的矿物。本文利用配置LDE3H分光晶体的JXA-8100（JEOL）电子探针,对除绿柱石之外的金绿宝石、硅铍石、硼铍石和锌日光榴石四种Be矿物开展了Be等元素最佳定量分析方法的研发。通过不同铍矿物的全元素扫描,发现与CAMECA电子探针不同,JEOL电子探针不存在Be_Kα峰被Si_L2,3,M1峰干扰问题。同时发现每种含Be矿物Be_Kα峰位存在不同程度的漂移现象,并结合原子轨道杂化及吸收效应等理论对该现象进行了合理的解释。在此基础上,建立起配置LDE3H分光晶体的JEOL电子探针定量分析金绿宝石、硅铍石、硼铍石和锌日光榴石不同Be矿物中Be等元素含量的有效方法。该Be矿物原位分析方法的探索,不仅为JEOL EMPA用户提供Be矿物分析的成熟经验,也必将为铍资源的相关研究和找矿勘查提供有力的技术支撑。

     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861