新疆阿尔泰大东沟铅锌矿床地质特征及稳定同位素地球化学研究

文章在对大东沟铅锌矿床地质特征进行简要描述的基础上,系统地研究了矿石碳、氢、氧、硫同位素的组成。研究结果表明其形成于火山活动的间歇期,受控于北西向断裂、火山沉积盆地、热液流体及喷流中心。矿体呈层状分布,与地层产状一致,直接容矿围岩为下泥盆统康布铁堡组火山－沉积岩,矿石构造以条带状、浸染状、细脉状为主,矿石矿物成分相对简单,主要为方铅矿、锌矿、黄铁矿等,其中锌的含量高于铅,矿床形成后经历了区域变质作用及热液流体改造。围岩蚀变较发育,矽卡岩化与铅锌矿化关系密切。矿床的34SV-PDB值为-22.3‰～11.7‰,方解石中的13CV-PDB值介于-4.2‰～0.4‰,计算所得的石英及方解石18O水值在-11.4‰～8.4‰之间,成矿流体应该为大气降水与岩浆水的混合物。矿床应属于火山－沉积岩容矿的块状硫化物矿床。     

Geology and Isotope Geochemistry of the Yinchanggou-Qiluogou Pb-Zn Deposit, Sichuan Province, Southwest China

The Yinchanggou-Qiluogou Pb-Zn deposit,located in the western Yangtze Block,southwest China,is hosted by the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation dolostone.Ore bodies occur in the Qiluogou anticline and the NS-and NNW-trending faults.Sulfide ores mainly consist of sphalerite,pyrite,galena and calcite,with subordinate dolomite and quartz.Seventeen ore bodies have been discovered to date and they have a combined 1.0 million tons of sulfide ores with average grades of 2.27wt%Zn and 6.89wt%Pb.The δD_(H2O-SMOW) and δ~(18)O_(H2O-SMOW) values of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite samples range from-68.9‰ to-48.7‰ and 7.3‰ to 15.9‰,respectively,suggesting that H_2O in the hydrothermal fluids sourced from metamorphic water.Calcite samples have δ~(13)C_(PDB) values ranging from-6.2‰ to-4.1‰ and δ~(18)O_(SMOW) values ranging from 15.1‰ to 17.4‰,indicating C and O in the hydrothermal fluids likely derived from a mixed source of metamorphic fluids and the host carbonates.The δ~(34)S_(CDT) values of sulfide minerals range from 5.5‰ to 20.3‰,suggesting that thermal chemical reduction of sulfate minerals in evaporates were the most probable source of S in the hydrothermal fluids.The ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb ratios of sulfide minerals fall in the range of 18.11 to 18.40,15.66 to 15.76 and 38.25 to 38.88,respectively.The Pb isotopic data of the studied deposit plot near the upper crust Pb evolution curve and overlap with the age-corrected Proterozoic basement rocks and the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation hosting dolostone.This indicates that the Pb originated from a mixed source of the basement metamorphic rocks and the ore-hosting carbonate rocks.The ore geology and C-H-O-S-Pb isotopic data suggest that the YinchanggouQiluogou deposit is an unusual carbonate-hosted,strata-bound and epigenetic deposit that derived ore-forming materials from a mixed source of the underlying Porterozoic basements and the Sinian hosting carbonates.     

黔西北天桥铅锌矿床热液方解石C、O同位素和REE地球化学

利用连续流动质谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对黔西北天桥铅锌矿床原生矿石中脉石矿物热液方解石C、O同位素组成和稀土元素含量进行了分析,结果表明热液方解石C、O同位素组成相对均一,不同标高方解石C、O同位素组成不具明显差别,其δ13CPDB和δ18OSMOW分别为-3.4‰～-5.3‰和14.7‰～19.5‰,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上介于原始碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间。热液方解石总稀土元素含量较低(ΣREE=6.80×10-6～49.1×10-6),表现为轻稀土富集、Eu负异常的"M"型,其Eu/Eu*变化范围为0.30～0.55,与硫化物具有相似的稀土配分模式。根据热液方解石与蚀变围岩、远矿围岩及不同时代地层碳酸盐岩的C、O同位素组成和REE含量特征对比结果,结合前人研究成果,认为该矿床成矿流体具"多来源混合"特征,其中围岩碳酸盐岩为成矿流体提供了主要的C和REE来源,地层中膏岩海相硫酸盐岩为成矿流体提供了主要的S来源,而成矿流体中的水则主要为变质基底昆阳群等提供的变质水,并受到大气降水的影响。     

Ore Genesis and Tectonic Significance of the Xiaojiashan Tungsten Deposit,Eastern Tianshan,Xinjiang, China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusions,and Stable Isotope Geochemistry

The Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is located about 200 km northwest of Hami City, the Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China, and is a quartz vein‐type tungsten deposit. Combined fluid inclusion microthermometry, host rock geochemistry, and H–O isotopic compositions are used to constrain the ore genesis and tectonic setting of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. The orebodies occur in granite intrusions adjacent to the metamorphic crystal tuff, which consists of the second lithological section of the first Sub‐Formation of the Dananhu Formation (D₂d ₁²). Biotite granite is the most widely distributed intrusive bodies in the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. Altered diorite and metamorphic crystal tuff are the main surrounding rocks. The granite belongs to peraluminous A‐type granite with high potassic calc‐alkaline series, and all rocks show light Rare Earth Element (REE)‐enriched patterns. The trace element characters suggest that crystallization differentiation might even occur in the diagenetic process. The granite belongs to postcollisional extension granite, and the rocks formed in an extensional tectonic environment, which might result from magma activity in such an extensional tectonic environment. Tungsten‐bearing quartz veins are divided into gray quartz vein and white quartz veins. Based on petrography observation, fluid inclusions in both kinds of vein quartz are mainly aqueous inclusions. Microthermometry shows that gray quartz veins have 143–354°C of T_h, and white quartz veins have 154–312°C of T_h. The laser‐Raman test shows that CO₂ is found in fluid inclusions of the tungsten‐bearing quartz veins. Quadrupole mass spectrometry reveals that fluid inclusions contain major vapor‐phase contents of CO₂, H₂O. Meanwhile, fluid inclusions contain major liquid‐phase contents of Cl^?, Na⁺. It can be speculated that the ore‐forming fluid of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is characterized by an H₂O–CO₂, low salinity, and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl system. The range of hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicated that the ore‐forming fluids of the tungsten deposit were mainly magmatic water. The ore‐forming age of the Xiaojiashan deposit should to be ~227 Ma. During the ore‐forming process, the magmatic water had separated from magmatic intrusions, and the ore‐bearing complex was taken to a portion where tungsten‐bearing ores could be mineralized. The magmatic fluid was mixed by meteoric water in the late stage.     

新疆阿尔泰大东沟铅锌矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿作用

大东沟铅锌矿床位于阿尔泰山南缘克兰盆地内,矿体呈层状展布,与地层产状一致,直接容矿围岩为下泥盆统康布铁堡组火山-沉积岩,矿石构造以条带状、浸染状、细脉状为主,矿石矿物成分相对简单,主要为方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿等.文章对大东沟铅锌矿床不同成矿阶段的石英、方解石和闪锌矿中的流体包裹体进行了测温,对石英和闪锌矿中的流体包裹体进行了激光拉曼光谱分析,并对部分石英样品进行了气相及离子色谱分析.结果表明,大东沟铅锌矿床流体包裹体主要有NaCl-H2O、CO2-H2O±CH4和CO2-H2O-NaCl三种类型;均一温度变化范围较大,为973～480℃,主要集中于140～300℃,流体盐度w(NaCleq)为02%～571%,主要集中于32%～148%;流体包裹体气相成分主要为CO2和H2O,含少量CH4、N2、H2等,液相成分以Na+、Ca2+、F-、Cl-为主,K+、SO42-次之,并含少量Mg2+、Br-和NO-3,计算所得的离子浓度为366%～580%.结合已有的稳定同位素资料,方解石中的δ13CV-PDB值为-42‰～04‰,石英流体包裹体中的δDV-SMOW为-89‰～-127‰,计算所得的石英及方解石的δ18O水值在-114‰～76‰之间,表明成矿流体主要为岩浆水与大气降水的混合物,流体中的碳主要来源于海相碳酸盐岩,成矿流体的物理化学条件的改变及流体的不混溶作用在成矿过程中起了重要作用.     

新疆伊宁县塔北铅锌矿床地质特征和S、Pb、C、O同位素组成

塔北铅锌矿床是西天山吐拉苏盆地中新近勘查成功的一个重要热液型铅锌矿床。矿体赋存于晚泥盆世-早石炭世大哈拉军山组第五岩性段酸性凝灰岩中,受断裂构造控制。矿石硫化物的δ³⁴S值介于0.5‰~7.3‰,估算获得成矿流体的总硫同位素值δ³⁴S_∑S约2.7‰,具岩浆硫的特征。晚期石膏的δ³⁴S值为4.7‰~5.3‰,表明石膏可能是火山热液中的SO₂发生歧化反应或火山喷发带出的H₂S挥发分在近地表的氧化环境中反应生成的。矿石铅同位素组成十分稳定,并与大哈拉军山组火山岩的铅同位素组成相似,指示成矿物质来源于赋矿火山岩。碳、氧同位素组成指示成矿流体中碳主要来源于深部岩浆。塔北铅锌矿床可能属于矿化较深的浅成低温热液型矿床。     

金顶铅锌矿床地质-地球化学

金顶铅锌矿床的成矿作用发生在中－新生代沉积地层当中，且矿区内没有明显出露岩浆岩，矿体为板状，产在古新统统云龙组和下白垩统景星组的陆相碎屑岩中，但成矿并不受岩相地层控制，而受断裂和穹隆构造控制。铅同位素数据指示成矿金属主要为自地幔。硫同位素具有δ^34S黄铁矿＞δ^34S闪锌矿＞δ^34S方铅矿的趋势，硫主要来自地壳，闪锌矿及有关脉石矿物（石英，天青石，方解石和硬石膏）的流体包裹体研究表明，均一温度主要在110－150℃，盐度ω（NaCleq)5.09%-19.63%，成矿压力32.5-22.6MPa，所对应的成矿深度0.9-1.5km。     

云南芦子园铅锌矿床地球化学、流体包裹体及稳定同位素特征

云南省保山—镇康古生代沉积盆地的上寒武统碳酸盐岩中发育有脉状铅锌矿体, 它们均受地层和构造的双重控制. 芦子园铅锌矿是该区此类型规模最大的一个矿床, 矿体赋存于沙河厂组的大理岩及大理岩化灰岩中.其原生矿金属矿物组合为: 闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿和磁铁矿.围岩蚀变有矽卡岩化、绿泥石化、硅化、黄铁矿化和大理岩化等.流体包裹体研究表明, 该地区铅锌矿化经历中低温(160~280℃) 和中高温(280~420℃) 2个主要矿化阶段.芦子园铅锌矿的硫、铅同位素组成具有变化范围窄、相对均一的特点(δ(34S)=9.23×10-3~10.17×10-3; w(206Pb)/w(204Pb)=18.224~18.338, w(207Pb)/w(204Pb) =15.715~15.849, w(208Pb)/w(204Pb)=38.381~38.874), 其矿石硫与铅同位素都反映了成矿过程曾受到岩浆活动的影响.研究表明: 镇康地区铅锌矿为与上寒武统局部层位和隐伏岩体有关的热液型铅锌多金属矿床.      

河南瓦房铅锌矿床地质、流体包裹体和稳定同位素特征

河南瓦房铅锌矿床位于华北克拉通南缘熊耳山—外方山矿集区,矿体赋存于熊耳群鸡蛋坪组上段(Chj3)的地层中,矿石矿物有黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿和少量黄铜矿、赤铁矿、褐铁矿。该矿床热液成矿过程划分为3个阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段(早阶段),石英-多金属阶段(中阶段),石英-碳酸盐脉阶段(晚阶段)。矿石中石英和方解石中捕获的原生包裹体类型有NaCl-H2O型两相、NaCl-CO2-H2O型三相和纯气相。气液两相包裹体3个阶段均一温度范围分别为150~260、150~230和110~160℃,3个阶段盐度(w(NaCl))平均值分别为12.22%、8.55%和6.29%。中阶段方解石的δ13 CVPDB平均值为-7.34‰,δ18 OSMOM平均值为15.56‰;晚阶段方解石的δ13 CVPDB平均值为-3.05‰,δ18 OSMOW平均值为2.21‰。早阶段硫化物的δ34S值为2.747‰~7.737‰,中阶段硫化物的δ34S值为-11.187‰~7.286‰。认为早中阶段成矿流体为变质流体,与中生代扬子克拉通和华北克拉通发生陆陆碰撞诱发中—新元古代时期的俯冲板片变质脱水有关,成矿晚阶段流体有大气降水的混入。硫同位素表明硫来源于中—新元古代的沉积地层,是海相硫酸盐的还原产物,在晚阶段,由于大气降水的混入导致δ34S出现负值。瓦房铅锌矿床地质特征、成矿流体特征与造山型矿床相似,因此,瓦房铅锌矿床属于造山型铅锌矿床。     

Geology,Pb Isotope Geochemistry and Ore Genesis of the Liziyuan Gold Deposit,West Qinling Orogen,Central China

The Liziyuan gold deposit, situated on the south side of the Shangdan suture zone, West Qinling Orogen, occurs in metamorphic volcanic rocks(greenschist facies) of the early Paleozoic Liziyuan Group and in Indosinian Tianzishan monzogranite. Orebodies in the Liziyuan gold field are controlled by the ductile-brittle shear zone, and by thrusting nappe faults related to the Indosinian orogeny. In detail, this paper analyzed the geological characteristics of the Liziyuan gold field, and the Pb isotopes of the Lziyuan host rocks, granitoids(Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry), sulfides, and auriferous quartz veins by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(MC-ICPMS). In addition, previous data on the sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes were employed to discuss the possible sources of the ore-forming fluids and materials, and to further understand the tectonic setting of the Liziyuan gold deposit. The sulfides and their host rocks(Lziyuan Group), Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry, and auriferous quartz veins have similar Pb isotopic compositions.Zartman's plumbotectonic model diagram shows that most of the data for the deposit fall near the orogenic Pb evolutionary curve or within the area between the orogenic and mantle Pb evolutionary curves. In the△β-△γ diagram, which genetically classifies the lead isotopes, most of the data fall within the range of the subduction-zone lead mixed with upper crust and mantle. This indicates that a complex source of the ore lead formed in the orogenic environment. The δ~(34)S values of the sulfides range from 3.90 to 8.50‰(average6.80‰), with a pronounced mode at 5.00‰-8.00‰. These values are consistent with that of orogenic gold deposits worldwide, indicating that the sulfur sourced mainly from reduced metamorphic fluids. The isotopic hydrogen and oxygen compositions support a predominantly metamorphic origin of the oreforming fluids, with possible mixing of minor magmatic fluids, but the late stage was dominated by meteoric water. The characteristics of the Liziyuan gold deposit formed in the Indosinian orogenic environment of the Qinling Orogen are consistent with those of orogenic gold deposits found worldwide.     

黔西北筲箕湾铅锌矿床硫同位素地球化学研究

筲箕湾铅锌矿床是近年在川一滇一黔铅锌成矿域黔西北铅锌成矿区垭都一蟒硐成矿带发现的中型矿床,有关其地质、地球化学研究前人极少涉及,严重制约了成矿机制和成矿预测研究。本次工作对该矿床原生矿体主要矿石矿物（黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿）进行了硫同位素组成分析,探讨了成矿流体中硫的来源。结果表明,矿床 δ34s值集中在10％。～12％e之间,不同于δ34S值在O‰附近的幔源硫,与区域各时代碳酸盐岩地层中石膏、重晶石等硫酸盐矿物的δ34s值（约15％o）相近,认为成矿流体中的硫为区域各时代碳酸盐岩地层中膏盐层热化学还原作用（TSR）的产物。     

Dating and Fluid Geochemistry of the Sarkobu Gold Deposit in Altay, Xinjiang, China

The dating of fluid inclusions of quartz yields an Ar-Ar isochrone age of 320.4±6 Ma. Three types of fluid inclusions have been identified with the homogenization temperature ranging from 157℃ to 362℃. The homogenization temperature consists of two groups. The first group varies from 157℃ to 166℃, and the second from 232℃ to 362℃. Their chemical composition is dominated by Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+ and Cl-. The relative concentration of ions is characteristic by Na+>Ca2+>K+>Mg2+ and C1->SO42-> F-. The δD and δ18O values indicate that the ore-forming fluid originates from mixing of multi-source water. The Sarkobu gold deposit has experienced two mineralization stages: gold was enriched during the volcanic-exhalative-sedimentary process in the early stage, while the gold deposit was finally formed under compression-shearing during the orogenic period.     

云南金沙厂铅锌矿床硫同位素地球化学特征

金沙厂铅锌矿床位于云南省东北部,川-滇-黔铅锌成矿域的西北部,矿体主要赋存于下寒武统和上震旦统的碳酸盐地层中。该矿床的主要矿石矿物是闪锌矿和方铅矿,主要脉石矿物是重晶石、萤石和石英。闪锌矿的δ34S值分布于3.9‰～11.2‰之间,平均为5.7‰;方铅矿的δ34S值在6.0‰～9.0‰之间,平均为7.1‰;两个重晶石的δ34S值分别为34.8‰和34.5‰。重晶石的δ34S值与下寒武地层硫酸盐的一致,排除其他可能来源,认为重晶石的硫来源于下寒武统地层。硫化物的硫不可能来自细菌硫酸盐还原作用,因为流体包裹体均一温度远高于细菌的存活温度。硫酸盐热化学还原作用产生的同位素分馏至多为20‰,由此可知下寒武统地层中硫酸盐发生热化学还原作用产生的还原硫δ34S值至少应为14‰,这个值远高于该矿床硫化物δ34S值,因此这种机制不是还原硫的唯一来源。矿区周围广泛分布玄武岩,并且与岩浆有关的硫化物δ34S值比较低,所以硫化物中的硫可能来自岩浆活动。在方铅矿和闪锌矿共生的样品中,闪锌矿的δ34S值大于方铅矿的δ34S值,说明成矿流体的硫同位素局部达到平衡。利用矿物对硫同位素组成计算的硫化物平衡温度与流体包裹体均一温度一致。     

云南保山核桃坪铅锌矿床同位素地球化学特征

核桃坪铅锌多金属矿床是云南保山地块近年来所发现的一个大型多金属矿床,地勘工作显示该类型矿床在该区具良好的找矿前景。对矿区围岩及矿石矿物的硫同位素组成、铅同位素组成与氢、氧同位素进行系统研究与对比,结果表明：矿床中的 δ34S％。的变化区间较窄,在＋2．9‰～＋6．6％o之间,峰值集中于＋4．5％o～＋5．5％o,具有深部岩浆硫同位素组成特征;硫化物单矿物（闪锌矿和方铅矿）及矿石铅的铅同位素组成以高“值和低放射性成因铅为特征,显壳源铅的特征,暗示矿床成矿物质以壳源为主;与硫化物共生的石英δ18Ov-smow变化范围在＋10．5％o一＋12．1％o之间,平均值为＋11．3％o,极差为l_6％o,δDv-smow值为-109％c一-91％o,平均值为一100．8％0,极差为一8‰,表明成矿流体主要来源于深部的岩浆水,可能遭受了后期的大气降水或者是底层建造水的混合。结合矿床地质特征,笔者认为本矿床的成矿物质主要与深部隐伏岩体有关,属于与深部岩浆热液活动有关的夕卡岩型矿床。     

新疆阿尔泰铁木尔特铅锌矿床稳定同位素组成特征

新疆阿尔泰山南缘克兰盆地中的铁木尔特中型铅锌矿床赋存于上志留统—下泥盆统康布铁堡组上亚组第二岩性段,容矿岩石为大理岩、绿泥石英片岩、变钙质粉砂岩、矽卡岩。矿床经历了喷流沉积期、叠加改造期和表生期。喷流沉积期硫化物δ34S值集中于-27.8‰～-16.0‰,峰值为-26.0‰,少量1.7‰～3.4‰,表明硫主要来自细菌还原海水硫酸盐及岩浆活动。氢、氧同位素组成表明,叠加改造期石英和方解石的δD变化于-122‰～-61‰,δ18O变化于9.5‰～10.9‰,δ18O水为-5.8‰～4.8‰,表明叠加改造期成矿流体具有多来源特征,是岩浆水、大气降水和变质水的混合产物。铁木尔特铅锌矿床在成因类型上为VMS型,矿床形成后又经历了叠加改造。     

U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry of Stratiform Garnet from the Aqishan Pb-Zn Deposit, Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang, NW China: Constraints on Genesis of the Deposit

The Aqishan lead-zinc deposit,located in the Jueluotag metallogenic belt of eastern Tianshan,Xinjiang,Northwest China,has a stratiform occurrence in the marine volcanic tuff of the Yamansu Formation.The ore body has a typical double-layer structure,having a stratified,stratoid,lenticular upper part and a veined,stockwork-like lower part.The occurrence of the upper orebody is consistent with that of the volcanic tuff wall rock.The ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite,pyrite,sphalerite,galena and magnetite,the altered minerals mainly being silicified,such as sericite,chlorite,epidote,garnet.The garnetized skarn,being stratiform and stratoid,is closely related to the upper part of the orebody.Geological observations show that the limestone in the ore-bearing Yamansu Formation is not marbleized and skarnized.Spatially,it is associated with the ferromanganese deposits in the marine volcanic rocks of the Yamansu Formation.These geological features reflect the likelihood that the Aqishan lead-zinc deposit is a hydrothermal exhalation sedimentary deposit.The results from the EPMA show that the garnet is mainly composed of grossular-andradite series,contents being in a range of 34.791-37.8%SiO₂,32.493-34.274%CaO,8.454-27.275%FeO,0.012-15.293%Al₂O₃,0.351-1.413%MnO,and lower values of 0.013-1.057%TiO₂.The content of SiO₂ vs.CaO and FeO vs.Al₂O₃ has a significant positive correlation.The results of ICP-MS analysis for the garnet show that the REE pattern is oblique to right in general.The total amount of rare earth elements is relatively low,ΣREE=71.045-826.52 ppm,which is relatively enriched for LREE and depleted for HREE.LREE/HREE=8.66-4157.75,La_N/Yb_N=23.51-984.34,with obvious positive Eu and Ce anomalies(δEu=2.27-76.15,δCe=0.94-1.85).This result is similar to the REE characteristics of ore-bearing rhyolite volcanic rocks,showing that the garnet was formed in an oxidizing environment and affected by clear hydrothermal activity.The U-Pb isotopic dating of garnet by fs-LA-HR-ICP-MS gives an age of 316.3±4.4 Ma(MSWD=1.4),which is consistent with the formation time of the Yamansu Formation.According to the study of deposit characteristics and geochemical characteristics,this study concludes that the Aqishan lead-zinc deposit is a hydrothermal exhalation sedimentary deposit,the garnet being caused by hydrothermal exhalative sedimentation.     

西藏玛雄郎铅锌矿区那舵松多矿段黑云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学及硫、铅同位素地球化学

玛雄郎矿区那舵松多矿段以铅、锌成矿为主,伴有强烈的钨、锡矿化异常,是冈底斯成矿带上为数不多的具钨、锡找矿潜力的矿区之一。为确定该矿床成矿时代,对与成矿流体活动具有成因联系的蚀变围岩中的黑云母进行了40Ar-39Ar年龄测试。黑云母的坪年龄和等时线年龄分别为69.57±0.72 Ma和69.3±1.6 Ma,在误差范围内二者基本一致,限定了矿床成矿时代为晚白垩世晚期。为查明矿床成矿物质来源,对矿石硫化物S、Pb同位素组成特征进行了测试分析。金属硫化物δ34S值变化范围为-1.6‰~1.9‰,硫主要源自与成矿有关的岩浆岩;Pb同位素组成特征表明,成矿金属物质主要源自上地壳念青唐古拉结晶基底物质。矿床成矿时代和成矿物质来源的初步研究,对于区域上同种类型矿床的找矿工作具有重要意义。     

贵州纳雍枝铅锌矿床地质、地球化学及矿床成因

纳雍枝铅锌矿床位于扬子陆块西南缘,是黔西北地区五指山背斜内近年来取得勘查突破的大型铅锌矿床(1.30Mt),也是川滇黔矿集区贵州境内目前发现的最大规模的铅锌矿床。矿体受层位和构造控制明显,呈似层状、脉状及透镜状产于五指山背斜南东翼穿层和顺层构造带内,赋矿围岩为下寒武统清虚洞组和上震旦统灯影组白云岩。无论是缓倾斜的似层状矿体,还是陡倾斜的脉状矿体,矿石中普遍发育角砾状、脉状、网脉状和浸染状构造,金属矿物主要为闪锌矿,次为方铅矿和黄铁矿,脉石矿物以白云石、方解石为主,次为石英和重晶石。研究结果显示,该矿床硫化物δ~(34)SV-CDT值变化范围较宽,介于4.7‰~22.8‰之间,平均16.68‰,多数集中在18‰~22.5‰之间,远高于赋矿白云岩的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值(7.3‰)。硫化物总体呈现δ~(34)S_(闪锌矿)δ~(34)S_(方铅矿)δ~(34)S_(黄铁矿),暗示S同位素分馏未达到平衡,成矿流体的δ~(34)S_(∑S)值应高于硫化物的平均δ~(34)S值(16.68‰)。因此,成矿流体中的硫主要来源于赋矿海相碳酸盐岩中的蒸发膏岩,是蒸发硫酸盐矿物热化学还原(TSR)作用的产物。硫化物具有正常Pb的组成特征,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb及~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围分别为17.8240~17.9701、15.6364~15.7651和37.8956~38.3230,与赋矿白云岩Pb同位素组成略有不同,但壳源特征明显,很可能来源于区域基底岩石。综上认为,纳雍枝铅锌矿床兼具层控和断控成矿特征,成矿物质主要由壳源岩石提供,硫化物沉淀受控于富金属流体与富还原硫流体的混合作用,其形成是区域构造与大规模成矿流体耦合作用的结果,属于MVT矿床。     

Stable Isotope Geochemistry of the Beishan Stratabound Sphalerite-Pyrite Deposit, Guangxi

Based on lead isotope data, it has been shown that lead in the Beishan stratabound sphalerite-pyrite deposit came mainly from the oldland and its underlying basement rocks and, subordinately, the Devonian itself or the seawater at that time. As to its primary source, upper crust lead was predominant. while lower crust lead or upper mantle lead was subordinate. Sulfur was formed mainly through bacterial reduction of marine carbonates. The carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses for carbonate rocks and minerals have demonstrated that carbonate rocks in the Beishan area are normal marine sediments. The isotopic characteristics of the carbonate rocks are intermediate between those of the northern Guangdong and central Hunan, but closer to those of the central Hunan basin. The formation of the Beishan deposit underwent: a depositional-diagenetic mineralization stage and a successive post-diagenetic enrichmentremoulding one.     

新疆伽师砂岩型铜矿床地质及S、Pb同位素地球化学

西南天山新生代山前盆地中的伽师铜矿是新疆近年发现和开发的一个重要的砂岩型铜矿,矿体产于古近系灰白色含岩屑钙质细砂岩中,呈与地层整合的板状、层状。矿石中硫化物主要为辉铜矿,矿体深部出现斑铜矿,极少量黄铁矿、闪锌矿等,硫化物多交代砂岩中胶结物或碎屑颗粒形成胶结结构,矿石发育稀疏浸染状、团块状、结核状等多种构造。矿石的硫同位素δ³⁴S_V-CDT在-33.4‰~-24.6‰之间。矿石的铅同位素组成²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.376~18.607、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.612~15.655、 ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.475~38.747。铜的硫化物矿化表现为含铜盆地流体(地下水)交代砂岩而沉淀,铜矿体形成于古近系细砂岩成岩晚期,矿石硫来源于细菌还原硫酸盐,矿石铅同位素组成指示成矿金属元素来自沉积盆地周围的蚀源区。