两个太阳活动区中纵向磁场的分形特征

本研究了１９９０年３月２５日活动区ＡＲ５９８８和１９９０年８月３０日活动区ＡＲ６２３３中太阳磁场的分形特征，主要结果如下：（１）两个活动区中的纵向磁场分布不满足分形布朗曲面；（２）两个活动区中磁场的分形特征十分不同；（３）描述两个活动区磁场分形特征的四个统计参量随时间演化，本扼要讨论了这些结果的物理意义。     

产生太阳大事件的活动区的一些特征

本文统计分析产生太阳大事件的活动区的一些特征,获得了一些结论:(1)这些活动区较集中在一些经度带中(活动经度),这些活动经度在南北半球是不一样的,活动经度存在漂移。(2)这些活动区在南北半球中的分布存在交簪变化。(3)较小的活动区也能产生大事件,特别是处于复合体(15°×10°)中的活动区。(4)活动区的磁结构在产生大事件中起着重要的作用。     

两个太阳活动区中纵向磁场的分形特征(英文)

本文研究了1990年3月25日活动区AR5988和1990年8月30日活动区AR6233中太阳磁场的分形特征．主要结果如下：（1）两个活动区中的纵向磁场分布不满足分形布朗曲面；（2）两个活动区中磁场的分形特征十分不同；（3）描述这两个活动区磁场分形特征的四个统计参置随时间演化，本文扼要讨论了这些结果的物理意义。     

太阳活动周的幅度与活动区面积关系的统计研究

依据太阳黑子的观测数据,首先分析了太阳活动周的幅度与太阳活动周内所有活动区面积总和的关系.分析结果表明,太阳活动周的幅度与太阳活动周内所有活动区面积总和具有很好的相关性.其次分析了太阳活动周的幅度与太阳活动周内最大活动区面积的关系.分析结果表明,太阳活动周的幅度与太阳活动周内最大活动区面积的相关性非常差,且一个太阳活动周最大活动区的出现时间与该太阳活动周的峰值时间并没有固定的时序关系.     

AR3595活动区矢量磁场和速度场演化

1989年3月出现在日面上的AR5395活动区是一个δ磁结构的超级活动区。由于活动区中大量磁通量的浮现,磁结构的挤压和剪切运动造成该活动区中大量的耀斑发     

δ结构活动区早期演化的特点

对于一个活动区如何发展及能否发展成为结构复杂、活动能力强的活动区的研究是很有意义的工作。它能揭示活动区发展演化的规律,它的研究结果能为太阳活动预报工作所借助,联合观测的组织工作也能利用它的研究结果。对于活动区的演化发展的研究,国外作了不少工作。本文仅对δ结构的活动区在早期演化阶段的特点作一些分析。     

1980年7月14日太阳大耀斑和速度场

本文介绍了1980年7日14日面3B级耀斑活动区形态、光球磁场和视向速度分布特征。对速度场分析表明,在探讨耀斑机制和活动区模型时,活动区速度场的测量是重要的。     

太阳质子活动区中的SVC频谱模型

根据太阳射电观测和统计分析表明,当质子活动区中3厘米的缓变分量流量密度S_3大于25sfu和它对8厘米的缓变分量流量之比S_3/S_8大于1时,活动区发生质子事件的概率很大,本文对这样的质子活动区的缓变频谱作了理论计算和解释。利用磁迥旋辐射机制计算的缓变频谱(SVC)表明:质子活动区中传导流量比宁静区中的大十倍左右,双极黑子的磁场提高了3厘米射电波的迥旋共振层,这是使S_3>25sfu的主要原因。活动区中日冕磁场梯度增大,而使3厘米的迥旋共振吸收的光厚变薄是使S_3/S-8≥1的重要原因。而正是这样的活动区有利于质子事件的产生。     

AR5312光球黑子的形态演化及运动

本文对1989年1月的AR5312活动区的形态及演化过程作了描述,着重指出:(1)活动区内存在长时期的δ磁结构,并为反转极性排列;(2)群内新磁流的浮现及快速发展的光球运动,与本活动区产生众多耀斑有密切关系。     

第二十一周较大黑子活动区的空间分布

本文对21周黑子活动区作空间分布的统计分析,得到如下结果:(1)存在三个活动经度带,它们是340°—320°,300°—240°和220°—100°。 (2)黑子活动区在南北半球上分布是不均匀的。(3)用自相关方法作黑子活动区的空间谱分布,结果表明:一个黑子活动区在第一次回转时又产生黑子活动区的可能性是很大的。     

A Comparative Analysis of Photospheric Bright Points in an Active Region and in the Quiet Sun

We present a comparative study of photometric and dynamic properties of photospheric bright points (BPs) observed at the disk centre in the active region (AR) NOAA 10912 and in the quiet Sun. We found that the average concentration of BPs is 54% larger in the AR than in the quiet Sun. We also measure a decrease of the BP concentration and an increase of their size moving away from the AR centre. However, these variations can be ascribed to the variation of the spatial resolution and image quality in the field of view of the AR dataset. We also found that BPs in the quiet Sun are associated with larger downflow motions than those measured within the AR. Finally, from our measurements of contrast and velocity along the line of sight, we deduced that BPs are less bright in high magnetic flux density regions than in quiet regions, due to a lower efficiency of convection in the former regions.     

Horizontal Flows in the Photosphere and Subphotosphere of Two Active Regions

We compare horizontal flow fields in the photosphere and in the subphotosphere (a layer 0.5 Mm below the photosphere) in two solar active regions: AR?11084 and AR?11158. AR?11084 is a mature, simple active region without significant flaring activity, and AR?11158 is a multipolar, complex active region with magnetic flux emerging during the period studied. Flows in the photosphere are derived by applying the Differential Affine Velocity Estimator for Vector Magnetograms (DAVE4VM) on HMI-observed vector magnetic fields, and the subphotospheric flows are inferred by time–distance helioseismology using HMI-observed Dopplergrams. Similar flow patterns are found for both layers for AR?11084: inward flows in the sunspot umbra and outward flows surrounding the sunspot. The boundary between the inward and outward flows, which is slightly different in the photosphere and the subphotosphere, is within the sunspot penumbra. The area having inward flows in the subphotosphere is larger than that in the photosphere. For AR?11158, flows in these two layers show great similarities in some areas and significant differences in other areas. Both layers exhibit consistent outward flows in the areas surrounding sunspots. On the other hand, most well-documented flux-emergence-related flow features seen in the photosphere do not have counterparts in the subphotosphere. This implies that the horizontal flows caused by flux emergence do not extend deeply into the subsurface.     

Evolution of the photospheric magnetic field and coronal null points before solar flares

Based on a topological model for the magnetic field of a solar active region (AR), we suggest a criterion for the existence of magnetic null points on the separators in the corona. With the problem of predicting solar flares in mind, we have revealed a model parameter whose decrease means that the AR evolves toward a major eruptive flare. We analyze the magnetic field evolution for AR 9077 within two days before the Bastille Day flare on July 14, 2000. The coronal conditions are shown to have become more favorable for magnetic reconnection, which led to a 3B/X5.7 eruptive flare.     

Gamma-ray emission and neutrons from solar flares recorded by the SONG instrument in 2001–2004

The SONG instrument onboard the CORONAS-F satellite recorded gamma-ray emission with energy above 500 keV in 28 solar flares over three years of its in-orbit operation. According to the GOES classification, the X-ray importance of these flares lay within the range M1.4-X28. The gamma-ray energy recorded by SONG exceeded 4 MeV in 16 flares. Gamma-ray emission with energy up to 100 MeV was recorded in three events, more specifically, on August 25, 2001, October 28, 2003, and November 4, 2003. Increases in the count rate in the SONG channels that recorded neutrons with energies above 20 MeV were found during these three events. The energies of the recorded neutrons were estimated for the neutron increases. The time dependence of the neutron increases was compared with data from high-altitude ground-based neutron monitors that could, in principle, record the arrival of high-energy neutrons from the Sun. It should be noted that we detected series of flares with gamma-ray emission generated by the same active region (AR). The series in the last decade of August 2002 (AR NOAA 0069), the end of May 2003 (AR NOAA 0365), and the famous period of extreme solar activity in October–November 2003 associated with AR NOAA 0486 and AR NOAA 0501 are quite revealing. The catalog can be of use for future statistical and correlation analyses of solar flares.     

Autoregressive Spectral Estimation for Quasi-Periodic Oscillations

Modern methods of spectral estimation based on parametric time-series models are useful tools in power spectral analysis. We apply the autoregressive (AR) model to study quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). An empirical formula to estimate the expectation and standard deviation of the noise AR power densities is derived, which can be used to estimate the statistical significance of an apparent QPO peak in an AR spectrum. An iterative adding-noise algorithm in AR spectral analysis is proposed and applied to studying QPOs in the X-ray binary Cir X-1.     

AR5395及AR6659的贮能释能周期性

本文分析了了AR5395和AR6659的X射线耀斑活动周期性，耀斑强度周期的存在表明活动区的能量积累和释放过程具有可重复性，包括贮存的能量大小也具可重复性，计算得出AR5395的耀风强度周期为24．49小时，而AR6659的周期为57．39小时，耀斑指数按周期的分布证明在一个贮能周期中活动区贮存的能量大致相同，周期内的平均耀斑指数代表能量积累效率，AR6659较之AR5395有较长的能量积累周期和较高的能量积累效率．此外，本文还讨论了耀斑事件出现的周期．这种周期的长短代表活动区磁结构对于耀斑出现的稳定程度，并且，当活动区处于较高能量状态（即相对势场状态的偏离较大）时，出现耀斑不稳定性的可能性增加。     

Interchange reconnection between an active region and a coronal hole

With data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory,we present a magnetic interaction between an isolated coronal hole(CH) and an emerging active region(AR).The AR emerged nearby the CH and interacted with it.Bright loops constantly formed between them,which led to a continuous retreat of the CH boundaries(CHBs).Meanwhile,two coronal dimmings respectively appeared at the negative polarity of the AR and the east boundary of the bright loops,and the AR was partly disturbed.Loop eruptions followed by a flare occurred in the AR.The interaction was also accompanied by many jets and an arc-shaped brightening that appeared to be observational signatures of magnetic reconnection at the CHBs.By comparing the observations with the derived coronal magnetic configuration,it is suggested that the interaction between the CH and the AR excellently agreed with the model of interchange reconnection.It appears that our observations provide obvious evidence for interchange reconnection.     

How Can Active Region Plasma Escape into the Solar Wind from Below a Closed Helmet Streamer?

Recent studies show that active-region (AR) upflowing plasma, observed by the EUV-Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) onboard Hinode, can gain access to open-field lines and be released into the solar wind (SW) via magnetic-interchange reconnection at magnetic null-points in pseudo-streamer configurations. When only one bipolar AR is present on the Sun and is fully covered by the separatrix of a streamer, such as AR 10978 in December 2007, it seems unlikely that the upflowing AR plasma can find its way into the slow SW. However, signatures of plasma with AR composition have been found at 1 AU by Culhane et al. (Solar Phys. 289, 3799, 2014) that apparently originated west of AR 10978. We present a detailed topology analysis of AR 10978 and the surrounding large-scale corona based on a potential-field source-surface (PFSS) model. Our study shows that it is possible for the AR plasma to move around the streamer separatrix and be released into the SW via magnetic reconnection, which occurs in at least two main steps. We analyse data from the Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH) in a search for evidence of the chain of magnetic reconnections that we propose. We find a noise storm above the AR and several varying sources at 150.9 MHz. Their locations suggest that they might be associated with particles accelerated during the first-step reconnection process at a null point well outside of the AR. We find no evidence of the second reconnection step in the radio data, however. Our results demonstrate that even when it appears highly improbable for the AR plasma to reach the SW, indirect channels involving a sequence of reconnections can make it possible.     

On the causes of the observed magnetic field imbalance in solar active regions

Based on a topological magnetic field model for active region (AR) 8086 observed on September 15–21, 1997, we calculate the evolution of the magnetic flux imbalance during its disk passage. We have established possible causes of the observed imbalance. Using model ARs produced by perfectly balanced magnetic field sources as examples, we show that even in this case, the observed imbalance can reach a significant value, depending on the AR size and location. The peculiar properties of the magnetic field imbalance in ARs predicted by the topological model must be taken into account when present-day magnetographic observations of the Sun are interpreted.     

Quasi-Simultaneous Flux Emergence in the Events of October – November 2003

From late October to the beginning of November 2003, a series of intense solar eruptive events took place on the Sun. More than six active regions (ARs), including three large ARs (NOAA numbers AR 10484, AR 10486, and AR 10488), were involved in the activity. Among the six ARs, four of them bear obviously quasi-simultaneous emergence of magnetic flux. Based on the global Hα and SOHO/EIT EUV observations, we found that a very long filament channel went through the six ARs. This implies that there is a magnetic connection among these ARs. The idea of large-scale magnetic connectivity among the ARs is supported by the consistency of the same chirality in the three major ARs and in their associated magnetic clouds. Although the detailed mechanisms for the quasi-simultaneous flux emergence and the large-scale flux system formation need to be extensively investigated, the observations provide new clues in studying the global solar activity.