内蒙古黄旗海不同粒级湖泊沉积物Rb、Sr组成与环境变化

Based on the geochemical elements Rb and Sr in sediments with three different grain size fractions from profile H3 on the northern lacustrine bottomland 13 m above the Huangqihai Lake surface in 1986,the paper investigates the record of palaeolake stand state, sedimentary environmental evolution,and winter monsoon change.First,these samples are separated into three different grain size fractions,i.e.,total sediments,77-20μm and〈20μm. Second,the chemical elements-Rb and Sr-of the grain size separation were tested and analyzed systematically in this paper.Then the elements compositions of these samples are measured using VP-320 mode fluorescence spectrum instrument,respectively.The magnetic susceptibility of these samples is measured using Kappabridge KLY-3 mode instrument made in Czech AGICO Company.The results showed the elements and the ratios varied regularly with the grain size.But the ratio of Rb/Sr in the sediments〈20μm correlates positively with the magnetic susceptibility of these samples.Therefore,the ratio of Rb/Sr in the fraction〈20 μm from the lake sediments reflected the strengthening of the weathering in the deposition sites.It is a good indicator of the summer monsoon-induced weathering and pedogenesis fluctuations and can be used to reconstruct the conditions of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment.     

内蒙古黄旗海不同粒级湖泊沉积物Rb、Sr组成与环境变化

内蒙古黄旗海湖泊沉积物剖面层次结构清晰完整,通过对该剖面全样、77 μm~20 μm和小于20 μm三个不同粒级Rb、Sr含量和磁化率的系统测定,结果表明,湖泊沉积物中小于20 μm粒级成分的Rb、Sr含量和Rb/Sr值变化阶段明显,Rb/Sr值与磁化率分布曲线十分吻合,因此,小于20 μm粒级成分的Rb/Sr值与磁化率包含更加真实的古气候环境信息。Rb/Sr值反映了风化的强度,因而可以作为指示夏季风环流强度的代用指标。黄旗海湖泊沉积物的地球化学Rb、Sr元素含量和Rb/Sr值以及磁化率值波动特征具有深刻的环境演变背景,由此揭示的环境特征在一定程度上反映了全新世气候千百年尺度的波动变化,与全球气候波动有关。     

松嫩平原杜蒙沙地地表物质的地化组成及风化特征

本文分析了杜蒙沙地表土样品各粒级组分（全样、>63 μm、63~30μm、30~11 μm和<11 μm）的常量元素组成。结果表明：杜蒙沙地地表物质化学元素组成以Si、Al为主,与上地壳相比,除Si、Mn和Ti外,Fe、Mg、Ca和P严重亏损,Al和Na中度亏损,K轻微亏损;除Si、Al、Na、K外,Fe、Mg、Ca、Ti、P、Mn的变异系数均很高;常量元素在不同粒级中的变化程度按照Al相似文献   

渭河上游地区樊家城黄土-古土壤剖面Rb、Sr、Ba存留特征及意义

选择渭河上游樊家城全新世黄土-古土壤剖面为研究对象,对该剖面元素Rb、Sr、Ba含量和磁化率、粒度、CaCO₃进行了测定。结果表明：Rb、Sr、Ba含量及Rb/Sr、Ba/Sr比值与磁化率、粒度、CaCO₃含量显著相关,能够指示渭河上游地区全新世的气候变化。剖面中古土壤层的磁化率、黏粒、Rb/Sr、Ba/Sr以及元素Rb、Ba含量高于黄土层,CaCO₃、Sr含量小于黄土层,指示渭河上游地区古土壤层（S₀）形成时期主要受夏季风影响,气候温暖湿润,淋溶作用强,风化成壤作用强;而黄土层形成时期主要受冬季风影响,气候相对冷干,淋溶作用弱,风化成壤作用弱。在全新世中期,古土壤层S₀¹与S₀²之间的黄土夹层,反映了渭河上游地区在全新世大暖期的6 000~5 000 a BP期间气候显著恶化。     

衡阳盆地红土剖面的磁化率、Rb/Sr值及其古气候指示意义

通过对衡阳市区高兴红土剖面元素含量分析、磁化率分析和ESR年代测定,探讨该剖面的低频磁化率值（χ_lf）、Rb/Sr值、化学蚀变指数（CIA）、退碱系数（Bc）和化学淋溶系数（BA）等的分布特征及其古气候意义。研究表明：① 样品Rb/Sr值与化学风化参数值有显著的相关性,磁化率值与化学风化参数值有很好的相关性,Rb/Sr比值和磁化率值一同可以作为红土沉积古环境变化的替代性指标,极好地记录了衡阳盆地更新世以来古气候的变化,大致可以划分为3个阶段：2.23~1.323 Ma B.P.期间,Rb/Sr值和磁化率值为相对高值区,气候特征为温暖湿润;1.323~0.76 Ma B.P.期间,Rb/Sr值、低频磁化率值和CIA值呈现最高值区,气候为本区最温暖湿润阶段;0.763 Ma B.P. 以来,Rb/Sr值、磁化率值和CIA值为最低值区域,气候特征为温暖干燥。② Rb/Sr值、低频磁化率值、CIA值曲线从剖面底部往上呈现出先波动递增后快速递减的变化趋势,反映了衡阳盆地早更新世以来,气候整体上是由暖湿向温干的方向发展。     

青海苏干湖表层沉积物粒度分布模式与大气粉尘记录

位于干旱区柴达木盆地具有年纹层的苏干湖是以地下水补给为主的内陆封闭湖泊, 其表层沉积物粒度具有多组分峰态分布特征, Weibull 函数的拟合结果发现, 其粒度分布全部具 有4 个基本组分: 超细粒组分, 众数粒径在1 μm 上下; 细粒组分, 众数粒径在5~10 μm; 粗粒组分, 众数粒径在50~100 μm; 砂组分, 众数粒径在500 $m 左右。粒度主峰出现在细 粒组分或者粗粒组分。直接来自大气粉尘的冬季湖泊冰面样品及当地尘暴样品的Weibull 函数粒度拟合也显现出了相似的分布模式, 冰面样品的粒度主峰位于众数粒径在15~20 μmm 的 细粒组分, 砂组分(众数粒径452.9μm) 的出现指示出砂粒在冬半年沿冰面而进入湖泊中心。 尘暴降尘样品在尘暴季节(5 月份) 和非尘暴季节(11 月份) 的粒度分布普遍具有3 个组分, 缺少砂组分, 强沙尘暴事件样品则由4 个组分组成, 粒度主峰均位于众数粒径在100~200 μm 的粗粒组分。结果显示, 苏干湖湖泊沉积能够较好记录当地大气粉尘, 砂组分与湖泊周边干旱地表经历的近地面强沙尘活动有关, 粗粒组分记录了区域性的尘暴事件, 细粒组分主要反映 流域径流状况, 超细粒组分代表干旱区的大气背景粉尘和气溶胶。研究表明, 苏干湖内陆湖 泊沉积客观记录了区域大气粉尘和尘暴事件, 具有重建干旱区大气粉尘变化历史的潜在优势。     

大连贺家圈黄土粒度所指示的物源特征

基于大连长兴岛的一套完整的晚更新世黄土剖面(贺家圈剖面),应用端元分析模型,对所采集的21个沉积样品的粒度数据进行分析。结论认为:从贺家圈剖面沉积物粒级组分中可以分离出3个代表不同沉积动力以及改造作用的沉积端元组分。并结合地球化学元素的对比分析,初步认为:端元1可能代表了剖面原始的粒度沉积组分,主峰为近源沉积,次峰为远源沉积;端元2可能代表了沉积物在沉积之后受到的淋溶作用和残积作用;端元3可能代表的是沉积物沉积之后受到的化学风化作用。     

黑河绿洲区耕作影响下的土壤粒径分布及其与有机碳的关系

选取黑河绿洲区典型土壤类型为研究对象,分析耕作对土壤粒径分布及其与土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳关系的影响。结果显示:非耕地(灰钙土、灰褐土、栗钙土)转变为耕地后,改变了10～50μm粗粉粒、50～250μm细砂粒、250～1000μm粗砂粒的含量,对<5μm的粘粒含量影响小。而风沙土变为耕地土壤后,土壤颗粒出现了细化现象。土壤粒径分布的变化也波及到了土壤颗粒与有机碳的关系,耕地与非耕地中存在异同点。相同之处在于,以50μm作为分界点,土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳与<50μm的粉粒、粘粒土壤颗粒含量呈正相关,与>50μm的砂粒呈负相关。不同之处为:耕地中土壤有机碳仅与5～10μm、10～50μm、50～250μm有关;非耕地中土壤有机碳与<1μm、1～5μm、5～10μm、10～50μm、50～250μm、250～1000μm的含量有关。分析表明,耕作是引起土壤活性有机碳增加及土壤有机碳与土壤粒径之间的关系发生变化的内在原因。     

巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘末次冰期沉积物地球化学特征及气候指示意义

沙漠古气候重建对于了解区域古气候演变具有重要意义.通过以巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘巴润宝日陶勒盖(BRBG)剖面为研究对象,进行全样地球化学、分组分分粒级元素地球化学及Sr同位素分析,重建该地区末次冰期期间(66.8～41.0 ka)的气候演化模式.研究表明:66.8～41.0 ka呈现残留组分高Sr/Ca值、酸溶组分及残留组...     

九江下蜀黄土和红土的化学风化特征

南方下蜀黄土和红土为研究亚热带地区的古风化强度提供了良好的地质记录。对九江两个下蜀黄土和红土剖面(JJ3和JJ4)的色度、磁化率和常量元素组成进行了研究。JJ3和JJ4剖面沉积物的磁化率和红度(a*)变化趋势较一致。与上地壳相比,九江下蜀黄土与红土的Ca、Na重度亏损,K轻度亏损。九江下蜀黄土的CIA值小于80,而红土的CIA值大于80。Rb/Sr比值和CIA值显著正相关(R2为0.95),二者可有效指示下蜀黄土和红土的化学风化程度。     

天堂寨泥炭地层的磁化率、Rb/Sr值及其反映的古气候意义

天堂寨泥炭地层记录了大别山北亚热带地区全新世中晚期以来气候变化。通过对地层剖面磁化率、Rb/Sr值测定和分析,结合¹⁴C测年,结果表明:大别山北亚热带地区中晚期以来气候变化可划分5个阶段:(1)5 700~5 050 cal.a B.P.,气候暖湿为主;(2)5 050~4 300 cal.a B.P.,以暖干为主,期间气候波动剧烈,气温出现过短暂而急剧的下降;(3)4 300~2 500 cal.a B.P.,气候总体上处于相对冷湿状态,波动不大;(4)2 500~1 400cal.a B.P.,气温有所回升;(5)1 400 cal.a B.P.至今,气候冷干;至现代,气候又有所回升。磁化率和Rb/Sr比值可作为泥炭恢复古气候古环境的代用指标,但与黄土剖面中所指示的环境意义正好相反,即低磁化率和Rb/Sr比值指示气候湿热,高磁化率和Rb/Sr比值指示气候干冷。     

晚第四纪中国北方沙地风沙沉积的Zr/Rb比值特征及意义

Zr/Rb比值因不受后期成壤作用影响,在黄土高原黄土堆积中可作为较好的冬季风气候替代性指标。与黄土沉积相比,中国北方沙地的气候变化研究相对较弱,能够敏感反映沙地气候变化的替代性指标仍处于探索阶段。本文选取东亚季风控制区的毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地和科尔沁沙地11个典型的风成沉积序列,对Zr/Rb比值及其意义进行了研究。通过全岩样品Zr、Rb元素含量、Zr/Rb比值与平均粒径和>63 μm的粗颗粒百分含量对比分析,发现在毛乌素沙地,Zr/Rb比值与粗颗粒百分含量和平均粒径成正相关关系,与黄土高原的变化趋势相似,可作为冬季风强度的替代性指标。而在浑善达克沙地和科尔沁沙地,虽然Rb含量在砂质古土壤层中随着细颗粒物质的增加而增大,与毛乌素沙地的变化相同;但是,Zr含量也表现出增加趋势,导致Zr/Rb比值变化趋势与毛乌素沙地相反。其主要原因可能是沙地所处的构造地貌单元不同,物源区存在差异。因此,Zr/Rb比值作为冬季风的替代性指标在不同沙地应用需要慎重分析。     

Weathering characteristics of arctic islands in northern Norway

The arctic islands of the Lofoten-Vesterålen archipelago in northern Norway have a wide distribution of weathered land surfaces commonly located above 250 m with several apparent similarities. In order to investigate the characteristics of (deep) weathering in this region, northern Langøya and Hadseløya were chosen for in-depth analyses. Eight weathering profiles were excavated from various surfaces, and the stratigraphies were logged in detail. Material was collected throughout the weathering horizons, and all samples were subsequently analysed for clay mineralogy (< 63 μm fraction) and grain size distribution. The sampling strategy was complemented by samples from additional saprolites and other landforms such as moraines and rock glaciers. The XRD results indicate that the presence of secondary minerals, such as gibbsite (Al(OH)₃) and kaolinite (Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄), are very common throughout the profiles. Gibbsite is an extreme end product of silicate weathering and usually associated with a warmer and more humid climate, as found in Scandinavia during the Tertiary. The grain size analyses (< 63 μm) show that the finer silt fractions (< 8 μm) tend to be high in the profiles (20–40%), with significant amounts of clay (5–15%) demonstrating that the regolith itself is susceptible to frost sorting mechanisms.¹⁰Be exposure dates from in situ quartz knobs on tors and boulders of local origin suggest > 40,000 years of subaerial conditions. Considering the steady surface erosion, this figure should be viewed as an absolute minimum age estimate. Mapping of the superficial sediments and geomorphological features of the study areas has revealed several common morphological features, which indicate dominance of glacial and periglacial processes in the areas lying below the lower boundary of blockfields (c. 250 m). The weathering mantles are not a periglacial end product, but rather a relict tertiary landform that were modulated by permafrost processes as well as biological processes at later stages. The regolith cover constrain the vertical extension of warm-based Quaternary ice sheets challenging the notion of a parabolic ice mass consuming every mountain top of Lofoten and Vesterålen.     

戈壁表层沉积物地球化学元素组成及其沉积意义

作为干旱、半干旱区的一类重要荒漠景观,戈壁在中国分布面积较广,其独特的物质组成和沉积特征对解释它的物源和发生过程有重要的意义.本文通过筛分处理对戈壁表层不同粒径沉积物地球化学元素组成进行了分析.结果表明:各类戈壁表层沉积物的主要元素组成特征基本相似,但不同粒级沉积物主要元素的含量略有差异.与UCC的平均化学组成相比,戈壁表层沉积物中主要元素除Si基本与UCC保持一致外,其余各主要元素均在不同程度上表现出了富集和淋失特征,微量元素在两大类型戈壁中随沉积物粒径的变化与主要元素基本一致.在极端干旱的气候条件下戈壁表层沉积物缺少有效的化学风化过程,基本处在未受或较弱的大陆化学风化的初、中级阶段.各个粒级的沉积物在经历侵蚀和风化过程中较好的继承关系表明,戈壁砾石层下伏的细粒沉积层不是外源搬运沉淀,而是局地岩屑通过就地风化和成壤作用形成.     

Sediment‐budget modelling of multi‐sourced basin fills: application to recent deposits of the western Adriatic mud wedge (Italy)

We analysed modern mass‐accumulation patterns on the western Adriatic mud wedge (Italy), an elongated belt of shelf mud formed by coalesced prodeltas of the Adige, Po, and Apennine rivers, as part of an integrated strategy aimed at producing a quantitative sediment budget model for muddy continental shelves sourced by multiple compositionally distinct fluvial systems. Sediment provenance and source‐specific accumulation rates of surface sediments were quantified by combining results of grain‐size analysis and geochemical analysis of specific size fractions with bulk mass accumulation rates. Statistical classification algorithms adapted to compositional data were used to partition the total (geochemical) variation of sediment properties into size‐related and provenance‐specific factors. We identified geochemically distinct fluvial end‐member sediment types in two different grain‐size fractions, which were grouped into sediments derived from the Apennine rivers, and sediments derived from the Po and Adige rivers. Compositional fingerprints (end‐member compositions) of each source area were estimated by taking into account relative rates of fluvial sediment supply from rivers as predicted by numerical modelling. The end members allow us to explain geochemical compositional variation of mud‐wedge surface sediments in terms of provenance and size‐selective dispersal, and map mass accumulation rates of sediments from individual source areas (grain size<63 μm), as well as bulk sand accumulation rates (grain size>63 μm) across the western Adriatic mud wedge. The source‐specific rates of fine‐grained sediment supply derived from geostatistical estimates of mass‐accumulation rates were used to calibrate the numerical model of sediment supply to present‐day conditions.     

克里雅河中下游流域地表沉积物的粒度与化学元素空间分布

通过对克里雅河流域的实地考察、地形测量、取样,分析其流经沙漠过渡带地表沉积物的粒度、化学元素的空间分布,得出以下结论：河流—沙漠过渡带地表沉积物的粒度组成以>2 φ的粒径为主,粒度特征明显表现出风成特点;化学组成上以Si、Al为主,和上陆壳平均化学组成相比,除Ca、Co、As外都有一定的亏损;不同河段自上游至下游,在不同动力条件下,地表物质粒度特征表现出河漫滩砂与阶地风成砂呈相反的递变趋势;不同河段A-CN-K图解及CIA揭示了克里雅河不同河段地表物质化学风化程度均很低,处于较弱的去Na、Ca阶段,其他元素未发生明显的化学风化或迁移,不同河段化学风化程度差异与物源及地貌格局息息相关;同一河段不同地貌单元,随距河道远近不同,粒度特征与化学风化程度呈现出一定的递变规律;克里雅河平均粒径与一些元素的相关性,说明粒径大小与表征化学风化程度数值的大小有一定关系。总之,在不同空间尺度上,克里雅河地表沉积物理化学特征的分异实质上反映风动力和水动力的差异性分选。     

Sedimentary trace-element records of natural and human-induced environmental changes in the East China Sea

Total and chemical fractions of nine potential harmful elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Bi) and five lithogenic elements (Li, Sc, Rb, Cs and Th) in two ²¹⁰Pb-dated cores from the East China Sea were analyzed to investigate their applications in paleoenvironment studies, and to reconstruct the histories of environmental changes. The residual fraction was the largest pool of trace elements in sediments. Potential harmful elements exhibited distributions that were similar to residual fractions and the lithogenic elements, indicating their terrestrial origin mainly derived from the Changjiang River and the old Huanghe delta. In the coastal core, the distributions of total and residual trace elements recorded the dry/wet variations of the Changjiang runoff since the 1850s. Total potential harmful elements and lithogenic elements in the offshore core reflected fluctuations in the strength of the Jiangsu coastal current and the East Asia Winter Monsoon over the last century. The response mechanisms of sedimentary trace elements to the runoff and monsoon variations involved direct terrestrial input of elements and the impacts of TOC and sediment grain size on trace elements in sediments. Enrichment factors (EFs), chemical fractions and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the anthropogenic disturbance on potential harmful elements. PCA identified the lithogenic fraction of trace elements in both cores and the anthropogenic/authigenic input in the coastal core. Increases of the EFs and labile fractions of Zn, Pb and Bi in upper sediments of the coastal core indicated increased anthropogenic input of Zn and Pb since the 1980s, and increased Bi input since the 1940s. Increases in oxidizable Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Bi above 16 cm were related to eutrophication and elevated marine organic matter in inshore East China Sea after the 1990s. Sediment records in offshore did not show any evidence of anthropogenic influence on the potential harmful elements. This study revealed that trace elements in sediments were good proxies for natural and human-induced environmental changes in waters.     

晋南全新世黄土剖面常量元素地球化学特征及其古环境意义

通过对晋南地区中梁铁厂全新世黄土剖面常量元素含量分析和粒度、磁化率及光释光年代测定,探讨全新世以来该剖面的化学风化特征及其古环境意义。剖面沉积物的Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、K₂O含量变化趋势基本一致,三者含量在古土壤层中较高,代表气候暖湿;剖面常量元素含量与UCC对比具有富Ca而贫Na、K的特征;剖面总体处于低等化学风化强度,介于陕西扶风和宁夏彭阳的剖面之间,其中古土壤层处于中等风化强度,Ca、Na大量淋失。常量元素地球化学特征指示该区全新世以来气候经历了"气候回暖→温暖湿润→气候转凉→持续干凉"的转化过程。1.2-2.5 ka BP期间区域地表流水作用较强,导致了Ca的相对淋失。     

雅鲁藏布江山南宽谷段爬坡沙丘表层沉积物特征

为揭示雅鲁藏布江山南宽谷段爬坡沙丘的形成过程、物源及沉积学意义,对山南宽谷段朗赛岭爬坡沙丘进行断面采样,分析爬坡沙丘不同地貌部位沉积物的粒度和地球化学元素特征.结果表明:爬坡沙丘表层沉积物以细沙和中沙为主,河漫滩和阶地表现出明显的风水交互特点,迎风坡和背风坡则表现为明显的风成特点;不同地貌部位沉积物粒度特征不同,从河漫...     

论南极多年冻土区的化学风化作用——以中国长城站、澳大利亚凯西站和戴维斯站地区为例

通过研究寒冻化学风化作用下的元素地球化学性状,包括化学元素的相关性分析,元素的集散特征,稀土元素的分布模式以及粒级对元素迁移的影响,粘土矿物对痕量元素的吸附作用等,得出不同地区风化壳的类型:长城站地区(西南极亚南极地区)形成碳酸盐层状风化壳;戴维斯站所在的维斯特福尔德丘陵区基岩上发育了弱风化碎屑的碳酸盐裂隙型风化壳;在凯西站地区,基岩的寒冻风化过程尚未进入最低风化度形成的碳酸钙壳阶段,而是完全处于风化最初始的碎屑型阶段.