Using GIS in Areawide Pest Management: A Case Study in South Dakota

Infestations of corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) create economic and environmental concerns in the Corn Belt region of the United States. To supplement the population control tactics of areawide pest management programs, we believe that a better understanding of the spatial relationships between biotic and abiotic or physical factors at the landscape scale is needed. Our research used several geographical information systems (GIS) and spatial analytical techniques to examine relationships between corn rootworm metapopulation dynamics, soil texture, and elevation. Within GIS, several spatially explicit procedures were used that include an interpolation technique, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and contingency analysis. Corn rootworm metapopulation distributions were found to be aggregated and related to soil texture and elevation. We review techniques and discuss our preferences for using particular spatially explicit procedures. The information derived from the spatial analyses demonstrates how GIS can be used in areawide pest management to provide inputs for spatially explicit models to predict future pest populations and formulate more well‐informed pest management decisions. The techniques described in this paper could easily be extended to study the spatial dynamics between other pest populations in agricultural landscapes.     

基于ArcGIS两种空间插值方法的比较

阐述了IDW和SPLINE两种空间插值方法的数学含义,并指出了各自的特点,然后以某地区的GDP数值为实验数据,ArcGIS为平台,对给定GDP原始数据进行这两种空间插值分析,最后得出了这两种插值方法的适用特点、影响因素及它们之间的差异,为使用这两种插值方法的用户提供了一定的指导意义。     

数字图像纠正和GIS技术在土地详查中的应用

传统技术在土地资源详查工作中暴露出许多不足。将先进的RS，GIS和CAC（Computer Assistant Cartography-计算机辅助制图）技术相结合，运用于航片转绘、投影变换、图斑面积量算、线状地物面积扣除和详查图件编制等内业工作，可以获得传统方法无可比似的优越性；（1）成果质量提高；（2）调查工期缩短；（3）对调查人员常规技能的要求降低；（4）调查成果可变更性增强。     

利用LIDAR构建数字矿山的研究

介绍了一种新的测量方式LIDAR,结合LIDAR自身特点,较为详细地分析了其在建设三维矿山模型、进行矿区塌陷地的生态环境经济评价和对地质灾害进行监测等方面的应用前景,为构建数字矿山提供了一种新的方法。     

GIS Development in China's Urban Governance: A Case Study of Shenzhen

Government agencies have been an important actor in using GIS and other information technologies across the world. However, contextual examinations of government GIS practices over time within non-Western contexts remain sparse in the existing GIScience literature. In particular, little is known with respect to China's significant growth of using GIS in its urban government amidst its rapid urbanization and enormous transformation. This article presents an in-depth investigation of the case of Shenzhen city, one of the China's leading cities in urban government GIS development. Drawing upon critical GIS research and GIS implementation studies, a synthesized theoretical framework is developed to interrogate the nature and evolutionary process of Shenzhen's government GIS practices. The analysis is focused on examining the role of broader social conditions, local contextual factors and organizational characteristics in shaping GIS development in Shenzhen's urban governance. Situated in this contextual analysis, this article also illustrates the three major transformations of GIS development in Shenzhen's planning agency over the past decade. The findings show that GIS development in Chinese urban governance has been influenced not only by the instrumental functions of GIS, but also by the interactions and relationships among different actors and institutions with various vested interests in the process of structuring and governing the urban spaces. This study will contribute to the ongoing discussion of understanding the interwoven relationship between GIS and society in GIScience research.     

基于遥感和GIS的辅助规划模型--以珠江三角洲可持续土地开发为例

提出利用遥感和 Ｇ Ｉ Ｓ来获得合理的城市发展布局和减少浪费土地资源的新方法。该模型是根据环境经济学资源分配原理和可持续发展理论,通过遥感和 Ｇ Ｉ Ｓ的结合来实现。模型的核心就是保证在时间和空间上合理地安排土地资源。由此评价了珠江三角洲东莞市近年来的土地开发,获得了有意义的结果。并通过模型的运算,给出了规划期内的土地利用的优化方案,以减少浪费土地资源的现象。     

基于遥感和GIS的辅助规划模型—以珠江三角洲可持续土地开发为例

提出利用遥感和ＧＩＳ来获得合理的城市发展布局和减少浪费土地资源的新方法。该模型是根据环境经济学资源分配原理和可持续发展理论,通过遥感和ＧＩＳ的综合来实现。模型的核心就是保证在时间和空间上合理地安排土地资源。由此评价了珠江三角洲东莞市近年来的土地开发,获得了有意义的结果。并通过模型的运算,给出了规划期内的土地利用的优化方案,以减少浪费土地资源的现象。     

GIS环境下的制图自动综合方法研究

制图综合一直是地图学领域研究的重要课题,近年来又成为国际GIS领域内的热点和前沿问题之一。借助GIS的可视化以及GIS的空间分析工具,制图自动综合的研究进入了一个新阶段。本文简要介绍了在GIS环境下制图自动综合的概念和特点,以及相关内容,并从知识表示方面分析了制图综合的理论。其中重点讨论了制图综合的综合算法以及模型综合,而模型综合是地理信息的概念层次上的综合,是地图综合的前提和基础。     

基于GIS的水库库容测量方法的研究与实践

介绍利用GPS、GIS等现代测量技术和手段，进行水库库容测量并建库测定水库库容，编制库容表、绘制库容曲线图的作业模式和方法，概括总结了在工程实践过程中出现的问题，解决的方法及应采取的措施。     

地理信息系统与虚拟现实之间的数据互操作研究

针对虚拟现实技术在地学领域的应用，研究虚拟现实（VR）、地理信息系统（GIS）以及全数字摄影测量系统之间的数据互操作的技术和方法，并提出可行的解决方案，解决异构系统间数据的互操作问题，扩展国家空间数据转换标准（CNSDTF）的内涵。     

互动式教学用于地理信息系统课程的方法研究

介绍了互动式用于GIS教学,即"都市规划与空间信息技术实习"的授课之中,采取降低教师授课比重、由教师设计各种GIS实际应用的专题,让学生从问题提出、资料搜集、集体讨论、自我发现与纠正错误概念等一系列环节,循序渐进地获取GIS相关知识与技能;而教师在课程教学中所扮演的角色,从知识的提供者转变为解决问题的引导者,让学生通过独立思考与讨论来寻找问题的答案。为检验这种教学改革的效果,笔者进行了问卷调查,共取得44份有效问卷。问卷分析结果表明,大多数学生对本科教学效果持肯定意见,多数学生对于本课程所花费的学习时间高于其他课程。此外,绝大多数学生掌握了GIS的基本操作,增加了实际应用的信心,而且对于GIS系列后续课程产生兴趣。     

小波分析在GIS线状数据图形简化中的应用研究

本文应用小波理论建立了多分辨率分析与ＧＩＳ图形数据多比例尺表达的关系,在此基础上提出了一种基于多分辨率分析的自动制图综合模型,并以线状要素自动综合为例,说明了新模型方法的应用。     

基于GIS的医疗资源可达性分析——以吉林省白城市为例

空间可达性是评价医疗资源分布合理性的重要指标之一,借助GIS强大的空间分析功能,可以对医疗资源可达性进行科学的分析与评价。本文尝试基于白城市的行政区划、交通数据以及医疗资源相关资料,使用GIS技术、空间可达性指标和改进的潜能模型对医疗资源可达性进行综合分析,为医疗资源的规划及分配提供决策参考。     

Collaborative Web‐GIS Design: A Case Study for Road Risk Analysis and Monitoring

This article presents a methodology for designing a WebGIS framework intended for automatically analyzing spatial data and updating statistics of interest with new information inserted daily by multiple users via a Web portal. A practical example is used on vehicle accident data for assessing risk in specific road segments. Two main blocks integrated together will be described: the collaborative block and the data‐analysis block. The former gives end‐users computer‐aided tools to view, insert, modify and manage data related to accidents and traffic monitoring sensors, whereas the latter is developed to automatically analyze the accident data coming from user's collaboration. Because different agencies can survey accident sites, a collaborative environment is necessary – and a Web‐based solution is ideal – for permitting multi‐user access and data insertion. A centralized approach to process the data in real time is described in all its components. Server‐side Structured Query Language functions optimize performance by using dedicated libraries for spatial processing and re‐structuring the attributes associated with elements which are consequently re‐classified for correct color‐scaling. The end‐product is a system that provides a seamless integration of front‐end tools for user collaboration and back‐end tools to update accident risk statistics in real time and provide them to stakeholders.     

A Doubly Weighted Approach to Urban Data Disaggregation in GIS: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Urban models are evolving to require more and more detailed data that in many cases have to be spatially disaggregated from larger zones. This paper deals with the disaggregation of statistical data in an urban context in which land use data are available at a less detailed level. With the availability of land use data, the traditional approach of areal weighting is improved with an areal and land use weighted approach. This weighted approach is further elaborated to include homogeneous weight zones (HWZ) so as to reflect general geographical variations among the same land use type. A case study in Wuhan, China has demonstrated the effectiveness of the doubly weighted approach within the specified context.     

基于GIS平台的非标准格式地理数据的直接读取研究

探讨利用GIS平台提供的二次开发函及其内部数据结构，借助计算机语言VB，开发出直接读取非标准格式地理数据的技术方法，以及其在珠江口近岸海洋环境立体监测综合技术示范系统（PEIOS）中的实际应用。     

基于Surfer软件的两种数据插值方法研究

对Surfer中的两种数据网格化插值方法--改进谢别德插值法和径向基函数插值法进行研究,采用特定的数学曲面函数进行插值分析和计算,从理论上分析这两种数学插值方法在不同数据源下生成的Grid表面模型的差异,并对如何获取有效数据源来提高数据网格化的插值效果进行总结.     

Terrain Characterization for Soil Resource Mapping Using IRS-P6 Data and GIS - A Case Study From Basaltic Terrain of Central India

In the present study, landforms and soils have been characterized in Borgaon Manju watershed of basaltic terrain located in Akola district, Maharashtra, Central India. Terrain characterization using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation data (90 m) and IRS-P6 LISS IV data in conjunction with adequate field surveys shows nine distinct landforms. Soil resource inventory shows fourteen soil series in the study area. Soils formed on gently sloping (3–8 %) subdued plateau are very shallow (23 cm), moderately well drained, moderate (15–40 %) surface stoniness, severely eroded, clayey and slightly alkaline in reaction, whereas, the soils formed on level to nearly level (0–1 %) slope in the main valley are very deep (>150 cm), well drained, very slight (<3 %) surface stoniness, moderately eroded with clayey surface and moderately alkaline in reaction. Soils in the watershed are grouped into Lithic Ustorthents, Vertic Haplustepts, Calcic Haplustepts, Typic Haplustepts, Typic Haplusterts and Sodic Calciusterts. The study demonstrates that the analysis of SRTM elevation data and IRS P6–IV data in Geographic Information System (GIS) with adequate field surveys helps in characterization of landforms and soils in analysis of landscape-soil relationship.     

基于GIS的土地利用监管信息系统建设研究——以洋县为例

从县级和乡镇土地资源日常管理的难点和管理人员的实际需求出发,通过整合高清影像、土地利用的现状信息和规划信息等数据,形成土地利用信息空间数据库,以ArcGIS为平台开发具备GIS基础功能和专题功能的土地利用监管信息系统,以实现土地利用的可视化管理,降低基层管理人员的技术门槛。     

浅析GIS在专业知识服务中的应用——以版图知识服务系统为例

随着"大数据""互联网+"等概念的深入,人们渴望从庞杂繁复的信息中获取更多的专业知识。本文从GIS的空间特点出发,依托天地图服务平台,将版图及其相关知识进行网络化和空间化表达,并借此探讨GIS应用于专业知识服务的基本思路及其关键技术的发展趋势。