西藏比如盆地中新生代构造演化

比如盆地位于西藏冈底斯-念青唐古拉地体东北部,是在前震旦系变质结晶基底和古生界褶皱基底上发展起来的一个中新生代海相盆地。比如盆地经历了被动边缘盆地演化阶段(T₃-J_1-2)、复合弧后盆地演化阶段(J₂-K₁)和高原隆升盆地消亡(K₂-Q)三个阶段。本文通过分析盆地内地层及其沉积环境,稀土元素、硅质岩、碎屑模型、火山岩等特征,详细讨论了目前存在争议的被动边缘演化阶段,认为比如盆地存在被动大陆边缘演化阶段,但其沉降期短,没有大陆斜坡沉积。     

The Byers Basin: Jurassic-Cretaceous tectonic and depositional evolution of the forearc deposits of the South Shetland Islands and its implications for the northern Antarctic Peninsula

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the Jurassic–Cretaceous stratigraphic evolution of fore-arc deposits exposed along the west coast of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. In the South Shetland Islands, Upper Jurassic deep-marine sediments are uncomformably overlain by a Lower Cretaceous volcaniclastic sequence that crops out on Livingston, Snow and Low islands. U-Pb zircon ages are presented for the upper Anchorage Formation (153.1 ± 1.7 Ma) and the Cape Wallace granodiorite of Low Island (137.1 ± 1.7 Ma) as well as ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 136–139 Ma for Low Island andesites. Data are also presented for a U-Pb age of 109.0 ± 1.4 Ma for the upper volcanic succession of Snow Island. In combination with published stratigraphy, these data provide a refined chrono- and litho-stratigraphic framework for the deposits herein referred to as the Byers Basin. Tentative correlation is explored with previously described deposits on Adelaide and Alexander islands, which could suggest further continuation of the Byers Basin towards the south. We also discuss possible correlation of the Byers Basin with the Larsen Basin, a sequence that shows the evolution of foreland to back-arc deposits more or less contemporaneously with the fore-arc to intra-arc evolution of the Byers Basin.     

朝鲜半岛平南盆地地质演化综述

平南盆地位于朝鲜半岛中部,处于华北克拉通（中朝克拉通）东缘;其演化历史长达10亿年,其地质记录为揭示东亚现今构造格局的形成提供重要制约。盆地发育中元古界-中生界,从下至上包括黄海群（1.3~1.1Ga）、祥原超群（1.0~0.9Ga,自下而上包括直岘群、祠堂隅群、默川群和灭岳山群等）、燕滩群（狗岘系,0.72~0.54Ga）、黄州系/超群（0.52~0.46Ga,包括下部黄州群和上部法洞群）和平安超群（0.33~0.24Ga）等5个构造层序;各单元之间均为平行不整合;沉积跨度超过10亿年,沉积物厚度累计达到15000m。另外,平南盆地南部发育临津群（0.42~0.35Ga）,该地层与中元古界上部-奥陶系很可能呈构造接触关系。平南盆地沉积中心自中元古代晚期从南部逐渐向北部转移,新元古代及早古生代均位于中部,二叠纪盆地沉积中心位于北部。平南盆地沉积碎屑锆石年龄则显示物源发生多期变化：中元古代以盆地北侧基底~1.8Ga峰期岩浆-变质作用岩石为主;中元古代晚期以同沉积就位的岩浆岩为主;新元古代以1.6~1.5Ga和1.2~1.1Ga峰期的岩浆岩为主;寒武纪以~2.5Ga和~1.8Ga峰值的变质基底岩石为主。以上变化反映了古地理格局的显著变化。推测新元古代早期及之前,华北克拉通曾与某个发育1.6~1.5Ga和1.2~1.1Ga岩浆作用的克拉通或者岩浆弧相邻（近邻或远邻）;地层记录了迄今所知新元古代最早的碳同位素负漂移（默川负漂移,~0.92Ga）,地层可能还记录了最晚的负漂移（燕滩负漂移,可能对应全球Gaskiers负漂移,~0.55Ga）,它们可能是对新元古代全球长期多次岩浆-裂解-冰期事件的响应。

     

The transition from an active to a passive margin (SW end of the South Shetland Trench, Antarctic Peninsula)

The lateral ending of the South Shetland Trench is analysed on the basis of swath bathymetry and multichannel seismic profiles in order to establish the tectonic and stratigraphic features of the transition from an northeastward active to a southwestward passive margin style. This trench is associated with a lithospheric-scale thrust accommodating the internal deformation in the Antarctic Plate and its lateral end represents the tip-line of this thrust. The evolutionary model deduced from the structures and the stratigraphic record includes a first stage with a compressional deformation, predating the end of the subduction in the southwestern part of the study area that produced reverse faults in the oceanic crust during the Tortonian. The second stage occurred during the Messinian and includes distributed compressional deformation around the tip-line of the basal detachment, originating a high at the base of the slope and the collapse of the now inactive accretionary prism of the passive margin. The initial subduction of the high at the base of the slope induced the deformation of the accretionary prism and the formation of another high in the shelf—the Shelf Transition High. The third stage, from the Early Pliocene to the present-day, includes the active compressional deformation of the shelf and the base-of-slope around the tip-line of the basal detachment, while extensional deformations are active in the outer swell of the trench.     

波斯湾盆地的叠合演化与油气资源分布

波斯湾盆地是世界著名的富油气盆地,同时也是受多期构造演化控制的叠合盆地,通过地质与地球物理资料分析,认为盆地经历了前寒武纪-石炭纪陆内断陷盆地沉积与反转、二叠纪-中白垩世新特提斯被动陆缘盆地沉积和晚白垩世-新生代前陆盆地沉积演化3大演化阶段。断陷盆地演化阶段受近南北向陡直断裂控制,以碎屑岩和膏盐岩和碳酸盐岩建造为特征,碎屑岩在该阶段最为发育。被动陆缘盆地演化和前陆盆地演化阶段以碳酸盐岩和膏盐岩建造为主要特征。盆地叠合演化形成了前寒武系-下寒武统、志留系、侏罗系以及中下白垩统等多套富含有机质的烃源岩,与盆地内叠合联片发育的前寒武系-下寒武统、上二叠统、下三叠统、上侏罗统和中新统等多套膏盐岩构成了盆地内最佳的源盖组合,成为盆地油气富集的基础。每套优质的盖层之下都发育了一套优质的储层,并与构造作用形成的圈闭形成了盆地良好的储-圈组合,成为油气富集的必要条件。勘探成果显示,盆地西北部以断褶构造圈闭为主要特征,东北部以盐构造和断褶构造圈闭为特征,前陆斜坡区则以大型古隆起控制的圈闭为特征,盆地油气具有自山前带向斜坡区,含油气层位逐渐变老的特征。因此,对盆地的油气勘探,在不同的地区要区别对待。     

Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous units of the Mametchinskiy Peninsula, Kuyul Region, Northeastern Russia: implications for development and evolution of the Northwest Pacific Basin

The northernmost part of the Kamchatka Peninsula of northeastern Russia, located along the northwestern margin of the Bering Sea, consists of zones of complexly deformed accreted terranes. Progressing from the northwestern Bering Sea inland are the Olyutorskiy, Ukelayat, and Koryak superterranes, which were accreted to the Okhotsk–Chukotsk volcanic–plutonic belt (OChVB) during the Campanian–Maastrichtian (Koryak) to Middle Eocene (Olyutorskiy), respectively. To constrain the accretion paleolatitude of the Koryak superterrane, we paleomagnetically sampled a sedimentary series on the Mametchinskiy Peninsula. At the Mametchinskiy Peninsula, in the northeastern Penzhinskaya Guba (61.45° N, 163.75° E), a gently deformed, well-bedded section of fine-grained Lower to lower Upper Cretaceous turbidites, the Mametchinskaya and Tylakrylskaya Formations are exposed. These strata, which represent the lower part of the sedimentary cover of the terranes in this region and the forearc of OChVB, were sampled at 39 sites (three to seven samples per site). Within the Ainyn terrane, more than 1000 m of section of Cenomanian–Turonian age was sampled at a basal locality (sample groups I and II, sites 1–18, 19–29) and at an upper locality of Valanginian–Barremian age (sample group III, sites 30–39) along the western shore of the Peninsula. Thermal demagnetization and principal component analysis of the demagnetization data show lower-temperature (A) and higher-temperature (B) magnetic components. Although group III samples did not display a coherent A component, the A component of group I and II samples was observed as a single-polarity lower-unblocking temperature component generally removed by 100–400 °C. This component failed the fold test at the 95% confidence level. With respect to direction, the A component is similar to both the present-day field and axial–geocentric dipole directions expected at this site. The B component was observed during thermal demagnetization steps up to 580 °C and was always of downward-directed inclination. Coherence of bedding corrections within each section do not allow statistically meaningful fold tests within groups I, II or III. Assuming the B component represents a Cretaceous magnetization, two overall models are proposed. In the first model (preferred), with the highest clustering of directions (k-value=36.7, N (sites)=36), indicates significant poleward motion of the Ainyn terrane (observed paleolatitude λ_M1=61.0±6.5°; expected North America plate reference site paleolatitude λ_E=74.0±3.5°). In the second model, no significant poleward displacement is implied (λ_M2=72.0±9.6).     

准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗纪沉积相演化与盆地格局

通过对准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系5条剖面的沉积特征对比,结合钻井资料和地震资料,确定了准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗纪盆地边界、沉积相演化及盆地格局。头屯河剖面和后峡剖面的沉积相对比及古流向测量表明二者在早、中侏罗世形成于同一沉积体系。在早、中侏罗世,沉积相逐渐从以辫状河-三角洲-湖泊相为主过渡到以河流相-湖泊相为主,沉积水体逐渐变浅;其中三工河组沉积时期盆地沉积范围达到最大,西山窑组沼泽相发育,车排子-莫索湾凸起自西山窑组沉积时期开始形成;早、中侏罗世的盆地边界至少位于后峡以南附近,此时不存在地理分割明显的天山山脉。晚侏罗世－早白垩世早期,沉积相从辫状河-滨浅湖相为主迅速演变为以辫状河-冲积扇相为主。在此期间盆地边界明显向北迁移,天山山脉明显隆升并造就天山南北沉积环境的巨大差异,博格达山构成盆地南缘的又一重要物源体系。     

Structure and Evolution of the East Antarctic Lithosphere: Tectonic Implications for the Development and Dispersal of Gondwana

Lithospheric evolution of the Antarctic shield is one of the keystones for understanding continental growth during the Earth's evolution. Architecture of the East Antarctic craton is characterized by comparison with deep structures of the other Precambrian terrains. In this paper, we review the subsurface structure of the Lower Paleozoic metamorphic complex around the Lützow-Holm area (LHC), East Antarctica, where high-grade metamorphism occurred during the Pan-African orogenic event. LHC is considered to be one of the collision zones in the last stage of the formation of Gondwana. A geoscience program named ‘Structure and Evolution of the East Antarctic Lithosphere (SEAL)’ was carried out since 1996-1997 austral summer season as part of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE). Several geological and geophysical surveys were conducted including a deep seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection survey in the LHC. The main target of the SEAL seismic transect was to obtain lithospheric structure over several geological terrains from the western adjacent Achaean Napier Complex to the eastern Lower Paleozoic Yamato-Belgica Complex. The SEAL program is part of a larger deep seismic profile, LEGENDS (Lithospheric Evolution of Gondwana East iNterdisciplinary Deep Surveys) that will extend across the Pan-African belt in neighboring fragments of Gondwana.     

黑龙江漠河盆地构造特征与成盆演化

对漠河盆地的地层层序、构造特征和构造单元、盆地演化过程等进行了研究。漠河盆地盖层主要为侏罗纪陆相煤系地层及白垩系火山岩，属典型的二元结构。晚侏罗世中期由于蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋的关闭，额尔古纳微板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞，使盆地西部产生逆冲推覆构造，地层缩短量在64km以上。晚侏罗世晚期到晚白垩世，盆地进入西太平洋构造域演化阶段，处于拉张环境，在盆地中部和东部发生了三期大规模的火山活动，形成火山断陷盆地。因此，漠河盆地经历了蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋和西太平洋两种不同构造域的演化阶段，具有西部挤压推覆、中部和东部拉张断陷构造特点。     

二连盆地乌尼特坳陷伸展构造特征及成盆演化

乌尼特坳陷属于二连盆地五大坳陷之一,早白垩世在区域引张力下形成一系列地堑、半地堑,其伸展构造由伸展断层及变换构造组成。伸展断层中的主边界断层主要为铲式,混杂岩断陷带主边界断层多在混杂岩深层滑脱,复式向斜断陷带主边界断层多在浅层滑脱。平面上主边界断层表现为简单弧形或波状延伸,位移量通过变换断层及走向斜坡等进行调节/传递。首尾相连的断陷间主要以狭窄的背向型(divergent)及宽阔的相向型(convergent)变换带进行构造变换,穿过变换带断陷极性常常发生变化。早白垩世早期,乌尼特坳陷由多个相互独立的小型断陷组成;早白垩世中期,随着伸展量不断加大,相邻断陷边界断层逐渐侧向连接成为区域性边界断层,相邻断陷侧向连接成为大型复式断陷;早白垩世晚期,断陷群下沉坳陷进入后裂陷期。     

柴达木盆地东北部晚古生代盆地构造环境:来自碎屑岩地球化学的证据

在对采集到的27件碎屑岩主微量元素系统测试与分析的基础上,结合前人已有研究成果,对柴达木东北部晚古生代盆地构造环境及原型盆地类型进行讨论。研究表明:较大陆上地壳,柴达木东北部地区上古生界碎屑岩整体呈现SiO2含量富集、其余主量氧化物亏损的特点,稀土元素含量整体偏低,但与大陆上地壳具有极为类似的分配型式,微量元素中相容元素整体强烈亏损,大离子亲石元素中等亏损,高场强元素无亏损-弱亏损。主量元素、微量元素含量及特征比值显示,测试样品与被动大陆边缘砂岩具有极为接近的地球化学特点,并且显示出与其他构造环境沉积物地球化学特征差别极为明显的特点。相关构造环境及物源岩石组合判别图解同样表明：柴达木东北部地区晚古生代持续发育被动大陆边缘盆地,物源区岩石几乎不存在中基性物质的加入且以大陆上地壳中酸性岩类为主。在地球化学分析的基础上,结合前人对岩石学特征、沉积相类型与沉积对比、古流向以及锆石年代学的工作,综合认为,柴达木东北部地区晚古生代为一个向北倾斜的被动大陆边缘海盆,其物源区为加里东造山运动形成的柴北缘加里东期造山带,海侵来自宗务隆裂陷海槽且自北向南进行。     

准噶尔盆地南缘古近纪—新近纪前陆盆地沉积格局与演变*

针对准噶尔盆地南缘古近系和新近系碎屑岩沉积体,运用野外露头宏观分析与岩心、薄片微观描述来 “定岩相和沉积相”;依据地震相的不同特点及相变的不同位置,刻画湖岸线演化,从而对沉积体“定边界”;根据重矿物组合特征及砂岩等厚图来“定主次物源”的方法,综合研究前陆盆地的沉积相特征。在此基础上,分析了准噶尔盆地南缘湖盆沉积格局与演变,认为准噶尔盆地南缘古近系紫泥泉子组沉积时期,湖平面较低,天山山前带发育4个规模较大的扇三角洲朵状体;至安集海河组沉积时期,湖平面上升,山前带扇三角洲发生退积,仅沉积3个规模变小的朵状体,霍尔果斯地区扇三角洲朵状体不发育。新近系沙湾组沉积时期,由于逆冲推覆构造作用,山前带地形高差大、坡度陡且气候干旱,随着湖平面的迅速下降,山前带发育更大规模进积型扇三角洲沉积。准噶尔盆地南缘古近系—新近系2个主要物源分别是中部东湾—吐谷鲁—玛纳斯背斜、西部西湖—独山子背斜;2个次要物源分别为东部呼图壁背斜和中西部霍尔果斯背斜,此4个物源流向是由南向北。北部卡因迪克地区则是来自前陆隆起区的重要物源。     

论羌塘盆地沉积演化

羌塘盆地位于可可西里—金沙江缝合带与班公湖—怒江缝合带之间,其沉积演化对于正确认识古、中特提斯洋盆构造演化具有重要意义。本文通过沉积序列、岩相古地理、沉积盆地分析,结合年代地层学等最新研究成果,建立了羌塘中生代盆地(T3—K1)的沉积演化模式,讨论了羌塘盆地演化与古特提斯洋盆关闭、中特提斯洋盆形成的关系。羌塘中生代盆地(T3—K1)是由冲洪积相沉积超覆开始的,总体上为一个向上变深的海侵序列,表现为冲洪积相、河湖相逐渐演化为滨海相及浅海相,可划分出3种典型的沉积超覆类型及5个主要阶段的沉积演化序列。羌塘中生代盆地整体上为一个由前陆盆地演化为裂谷盆地、被动大陆边缘盆地、最终转化为活动大陆边缘盆地并萎缩消亡的叠合盆地。羌塘早—中三叠世前陆盆地的关闭,与古特提斯洋盆的关闭有关,羌塘中生代盆地(T3—K1)的演化受中特提斯洋的快速开启及关闭的制约。     

Depositional and structural evolution of a foreland basin margin in a magnetostratigraphic framework: the eastern Swiss Molasse Basin

 This integrated study of the sedimentology, magnetostratigraphic chronology and petrography of the mostly continental clastics of the Oligocene to Miocene Swiss Molasse Basin underpins a reconstruction of facies architecture and delineates relationships between the depositional evolution of a foreland-basin margin and exhumation phases and orogenic events in the adjacent orogen. A biostratigraphically based high-resolution magnetostratigraphy provides a detailed temporal framework and covers nearly the whole stratigraphic record of the Molasse Basin (31.5–13 Ma). Three transverse alluvial fan systems evolved at the southern basin margin. They are characterized by distinct petrographic compositions and document the exhumation and denudation history of the growing eastern Swiss Alps. Enhanced northward propagation of the orogenic wedge is interpreted to have occurred between 31.5 and 26 Ma. During the period 24–19 Ma, intense in-sequence and out-of-sequence thrusting took place as Molasse strata were accreted to the orogenic wedge. A third active tectonic phase, possibly caused by backthrusting of the Plateau Molasse, probably occurred between ca. 15 and 13 Ma. Fan head migration between 31.5 and 13 Ma is probably controlled by the structural evolution of the thrust front due to Molasse accretion and backthrusting. Received: 11 March 1998 / Accepted: 12 March 1999     

准噶尔盆地南缘二叠纪—三叠纪构造-沉积环境与原型盆地演化*

准噶尔盆地南缘(简称“准南”)的构造-沉积演化历史以及原型盆地性质一直以来备受争议。依据沉积环境分析、地层对比以及沉积演化研究,结合火成岩年代学、大地构造学等研究成果,探讨了该区二叠纪—三叠纪多期次的伸展—挤压环境转换及沉积盆地性质转变。晚石炭世,准南西段处于北天山洋壳向伊犁地体俯冲的末期,沉积环境以滨浅海为主,为残留洋盆地;准南东段以半深海相碳酸盐沉积为主,发育典型的双峰式火成岩,显示为陆内的伸展环境。早二叠世,准南以滨浅海相细粒碎屑岩沉积为主,发育同沉积断裂和伸展垮塌变形构造,表现为陆内裂陷盆地的特征。中二叠世,准南仍以滨浅海相为主,但其沉积速率明显加快,沉积厚度变大,整体上表现为以热力沉降为主的坳陷盆地。晚二叠世,北天山和博格达地区普遍发育冲积扇或扇三角洲,上二叠统泉子街组和中二叠统红雁池组之间呈明显的角度不整合接触,沉积环境发生突变,均显示北天山快速冲断隆升,表明该时期准南为陆内压陷盆地。早三叠世,准南快速冲断结束,该区进入相对稳定的发展阶段,以发育滨浅湖相细粒沉积物为主,表现为弱挤压的陆内压陷盆地的特征。中晚三叠世,由于持续湖侵,沉积盆地范围进一步扩大,北天山被削高补低,准南乃至整个准噶尔盆地进入统一的内陆湖泊演化阶段,整体上以滨浅湖相—半深湖相沉积为主,表现出陆内坳陷盆地的特征。综合上述原型盆地性质和沉积环境分析,可将准南二叠纪—三叠纪构造-沉积演化划分为4个阶段:晚石炭世—中二叠世为后碰撞伸展阶段,晚二叠世为北天山挤压冲断阶段,早三叠世为弱挤压压陷和削高补低阶段,中晚三叠世为稳定拗陷和准平原化阶段。     

Evolution of the Pacific margin of the northern Antarctic Peninsula: an overview

The sector of the northern Antarctic Peninsula between the Tula and Shackleton Fracture Zones provides evidence for the subduction of south-east Pacific oceanic crust under Antarctic continental crust during Late Mesozoic through Miocene times. The pre-subduction depositional history of this sector includes the formation of a marine siliciclastic turbidite wedge (?Permian-Triassic) deposited in a marginal basin setting. It was folded and thrust retroarc before the Middle Jurassic to form the Trinity accretion foldbelt, which extended for several hundred kilometres along the Pacific margin of Gondwanaland. The foldbelt was deeply eroded and levelled under subaerial conditions, then unconformably covered either by Middle-Upper Jurassic alluvial to lacustrine deposits (in the north) or by Early Cretaceous basic lavas (in the south). The subduction-related magmatism, in the form of acidic effusions and intrusions, began in the northern Antarctic Peninsula during Middle Jurassic times and continued as predominantly basic lavas and agglomerates intruded by basic, intermediate and acidic plutons, and by a succession of dykes, during the Early to Late Cretaceous. Thus the inner magmatic are of the northern Antarctic Peninsula (northern Graham Land-Trinity Peninsula) was formed. An outward (north-westerly) migration of centres of magmatic activity with time (Cretaceous-Tertiary) towards the subduction trench, coupled with a northeastward shift of these centres along the Arc's length due to the counterclockwise rotation of Antarctica, produced the outer magmatic arc of the South Shetland Islands. Slight folding of Late Mesozoic and Tertiary magmatic suites occurred at several stages of subduction. Stronger folding and retroarc thrusting appeared locally as a result of the collision of the Aluk Ridge-Antarctic Peninsula during the Mid-Miocene. The latest plate tectonic event was the opening of the Bransfield Rift (Oligocene-Recent) as a spreading back-arc basin, associated with terrestrial and submarine volcanic activity.     

塔里木盆地东北缘盖层不整合序列及其构造演化

塔里木盆地东北缘新元古界-新生界中分布多期不整合界面。它们是不同地球动力学背景的产物,也是研究塔里木盆地东北缘乃至整个盆地构造演化的重要依据。通过野外地质调查和盆地内地震资料的综合研究,进一步阐述Nh₂/Nh₁、∈/Z 、O₃/O₂、S/O₃、C/AnC、T/AnT、J/AnJ、E/AnE和N₂/N₁重要的不整合面特征及其形成的地球动力学背景,建立了研究区完整的盖层不整合演化序列。根据不整合面特征,结合地层、沉积和构造特征将塔里木盆地东北缘盖层构造演化划分为3个旋回、6个阶段：（1）南华纪-泥盆纪克拉通内裂解和闭合旋回,（2）石炭纪-三叠纪克拉通边缘裂解-闭合旋回,（3）侏罗纪-第四纪拉张-挤压旋回;①南华纪-奥陶纪克拉通内坳拉槽阶段,②志留纪-泥盆纪挤压隆升阶段,③石炭纪-早二叠世克拉通内坳陷盆地阶段,④早二叠世末期冲断走滑-三叠纪前陆盆地阶段,⑤侏罗纪-古近纪断陷-坳陷盆地阶段,⑥新近纪-第四纪再生前陆盆地阶段。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘构造演化及其与油气成藏的关系

准噶尔盆地西北缘油气资源丰富,但地质结构及演化十分复杂,长期以来一直存在较大争议。本文基于最新勘探进展及区域研究资料,重新梳理了该区的构造变形特征和叠合演化过程,探讨了构造演化与油气成藏的关系。研究认为,准噶尔盆地西北缘具有"东西分带、南北分段、上下分层"的构造特征,二叠纪以来先后经历了早二叠世后造山伸展、中—晚二叠世强烈挤压逆冲、三叠纪继承性逆冲叠加、侏罗纪—白垩纪整体振荡升降和新生代陆内前陆等五大构造阶段,总体上三叠纪前构造活动强烈,三叠纪之后构造趋于稳定。不同地区构造演化过程具有差异性,自北向南3种垂向叠加演化方式形成3类复式地质结构:哈山地区属于"推覆-超剥型",克拉玛依地区属于"逆掩-超剥型",车排子地区属于"冲断-超剥型"。构造演化与油气成藏关系密切,一是不同的叠加演化方式决定了不同的地质结构类型,进而控制不同的源、圈、输导体系等成藏要素及其空间配置关系;二是多期构造活动导致多个成藏期,形成了多种油气成藏模式。准噶尔盆地西北缘经历了多次逆冲抬升,是油气长期指向区,复杂的构造演化导致其具有多源供烃、多期成藏、立体含油的特点。     

从砂岩成分探讨吐哈盆地构造演化

陆源碎屑岩是陆相沉积盆地的主要充填物，其成分主要受物源区母岩成分控制。通过系统分析碎屑岩成分特点可以再造沉积盆地的构造演化历史。对吐哈盆地分别采用岩矿和地球化学分析手段进行系统分析，结果显示两种分析所得结构吻合性极好，反映盆地的构造演化分为二叠纪、三叠纪－侏罗纪以及白垩纪－第三纪3个演化阶段，在各阶段地层成分出现较大差异，是盆地及相邻地区遭受构造运动改造的结果。     

川西和川东北地区差异构造演化及其对陆相层系天然气成藏的影响

川西和川东北地区处于扬子地台西北缘,均具有褶皱冲断带-前陆盆地的二元结构,其构造特征具一定相似性。根据地震资料解释和典型气藏解剖,再结合前人研究成果,分析了川西和川东北地区构造演化差异性及其对各自成藏特征的影响,结果表明：川西地区主要受龙门山造山带影响,从印支期中晚期开始发育前陆盆地,之后主要受燕山中晚期和喜马拉雅期构造运动的影响;而川东北地区从燕山早期开始发育前陆盆地,之后在燕山中期和晚期受大巴山、米仓山和雪峰山联合作用影响,最后大巴山造山带在喜马拉雅期的强烈活动使其最终定型。上述差异构造演化对川西和川东北地区陆相层系的成藏特征的影响主要表现在4个方面：烃源岩的发育、输导体系的形成、气藏的保存和天然气成藏过程。川西地区主要发育须家河组烃源岩,形成了以NE向和SN向断裂及其伴生裂缝为主的输导体系,多期构造运动形成的大型通天断裂影响了山前断褶带气藏的保存,成藏经历了印支晚期、燕山中期、晚期和喜马拉雅期4个关键时刻。川东北地区发育须家河组和下侏罗统两套烃源岩,输导体系以NW向断裂为主,隆升剥蚀和大型断裂造成了山前断褶带较差的保存条件,成藏经历了燕山中期、燕山晚期和喜马拉雅期三个关键时刻。