典型海岸带城市扩张的多源遥感监测与预测——以青岛市为例

本文利用自1995年以来的4期DMSP-OLS、NPP-VIIRS夜光遥感影像与Landsat多光谱遥感影像,分析了青岛市近25年的城市建成区范围、各市区边界形态与扩展趋势,并结合土地利用分类、路网、POI、DEM等多源驱动因子及元胞自动机-马尔可夫（CA-Markov）模型,模拟并预测了2027年青岛市土地利用分类。结果表明,近25年青岛建成区扩展主要以外延式为主,其他城区总体上沿胶州湾方向扩展,四周向青岛主城区汇集,主城区建设用地向西北侧发展。本文验证了夜光遥感在监测与预测典型海岸带城市扩张方面的适用性,为城市化发展进程管理与决策提供了重要依据。     

Mapping deer habitat suitability using remote sensing and geographic information systems

This paper describes an effort to map the habitat for the Eastern Tehama Deer Herd located in Northern California. The range of this herd encompasses almost 600,000 hectares (1.5 million acres). Knowledge of the spatial distribution of suitable habitat is prerequisite to managing the deer herd. Remote sensing and GIS are appropriate tools for such an assessment. Remotely sensed data were used to map vegetation/land cover. These data along with elevation, aspect, slope, juxtaposition, and various buffer zones were input into a GIS and a model was used to produce a map of habitat suitability. The accuracy of the vegetation/land cover map was assessed and methods for validating the habitat suitability map are presented.     

An integrated approach for prioritization of reservoir catchment using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques

This study is aimed at evolving a watershed prioritization of reservoir catchment based on vegetation, morphological and topographical parameters, and average annual soil loss using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. A large multipurpose river valley project, Upper Indravati reservoir, situated in the state of Orissa, India, has been chosen for the present work. Watershed prioritization is useful to soil conservationist and decision makers. This study integrates the watershed erosion response model (WERM) and universal soil loss equation (USLE) with a geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the erosion risk assessment parameters of the catchment. The total catchment is divided into 15 sub-watersheds. Various erosion risk parameters are determined for all the sub-watersheds separately. Average annual soil loss is also estimated for the sub-watersheds using USLE. The integrated effect of all these parameters is evaluated to recommend the priority rating of the watersheds for soil conservation planning.     

基于遥感与GIS的城镇用地扩展研究

利用1990年土地详查变更调查数据和2006年的SPOT遥感影像,借助GIS空间分析能力,通过计算土地利用类型动态度、转移矩阵、扩展强度指数分析了慈溪市的城镇用地利用变化的时空特征.研究结果表明:1)慈溪市城市、建制镇、交通运输用地扩展的大部分来源于耕地;2)浒山街道城镇,交通建设用地扩展强度指数大于其他镇;3)建设用...     

基于发展压力状态的土地利用动态遥感监测区域划分方法——以天津市津南区为例

为了更加有针对性地进行土地利用动态遥感监测工作,提出了基于发展压力状态的监测思路和方法.以天津市津南区为例,在构建发展压力状态评价指标体系的基础上,选取相应的定量指标,利用多因素综合评价方法评价研究区各单元发展压力等级,并进行区域划分.区域划分结果为:津南区土地利用动态遥感重点监测区面积为11 650.5 hm2,一般监测区面积为9 011.7 hm2,分别占评价单元总面积的56.4％和43.6％;结合各分区的土地利用特点,因地制宜地选择不同的监测思路和方法,对促进土地利用动态遥感监测工作的高效开展具有重要意义.     

Groundwater potential modelling using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of the Al Dhaid area,United Arab Emirates

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEM and LANDSAT images of spatial resolution 30?m were used to construct groundwater potential zones (GPZ) map by integrating geological fractures, drainage network, slope and relief, and convergence index maps of the study area. Weight and score of each map were developed according to their level of contribution toward groundwater accumulation and spatial distribution of groundwater wells. The area that has very high potential for groundwater is located at the foot of Oman Mountains and Al Dhaid Depression covering an area of about 59.33?km², which is 4.40% of the study area. Further hydrological map and data on hydraulic properties of shallow aquifer, as recorded from observation wells in the regions, have been used to validate the produced GPZ map. The validation result showed sufficient agreement between the produced GPZ map.     

Integration of remote sensing and GIS in monitoring the dynamics of land cover in Oroba-Kibos catchment area, Kenya

Land cover in Kenya is in a state of fl ux at different spatial and temporal scales. This compromises environmental integrity and socioeconomic stability of the population hence increasing their vulnerability to the externalities of environmental change. The Oroba-Kibos catchment area in western Kenya is one locality where rapid land use changes have taken place over the last 30 years. The shrubs, swamps, natural forests and other critical ecosystems have been converted on the altar of agriculture, human settlement, fuel wood and timber. This paper presents the results of a study that aimed at providing spatially-explicit information for effective remedial response through (a) Mapping the land cover; (b) Identifying the spatial distribution of land cover changes; (c) Determining the nature, rates and magnitude of the land cover changes, and; (d) Establishing the drivers of land use leading to land cover changes in Oroba-Kibos catchment area. Bi-temporal Landsat TM imagery, fi eld observation, household survey and ancillary data were obtained. Per-fi eld classifi cation of the Landsat TM imagery was performed in a GIS and the resultant land cover maps assessed using the fi eld observation data. Post-classifi cation comparison of the maps was then done to detect changes in land cover that had occurred between 1994 and 2008. SPSS was used to analyze the household survey data and attribute the detected land cover changes to their causes. The fi ndings showed that 9 broad classes characterize the catchment area including the natural forests, swamps, natural water bodies, woodlands, shrublands, built-up lands, grasslands, bare lands and croplands. Croplands are dominant and accounted for about 65% (57122 ha) of the total land in 1994, which increased at the rate of 0.89% to 73% (64772 ha) in 2008, while natural water bodies has the least spatial coverage accounting for about 0.6% (561 ha) of the total land in 1994, which diminished at the rate of 3.57% to 0.3% (260 ha) in 2008. Climate, altitude, access and rights to land, demographic changes, poverty, political governance, market availability and economic returns are the interacting mix of proximate and underlying factors that drive the land cover changes in Oroba-Kibos catchment area.     

基于RS和GIS的农作物估产方法研究进展

实时获取农作物长势及产量等信息对于现代农业的发展具有重要意义。近年来,随着遥感技术(remote sensing,RS)和地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)广泛应用于农作物估产领域,相继出现了一些较为实用的估产方法,主要有结合辅助数据的估产方法、基于植被指数的估产方法、基于特定模型的估产方法和基于农作物估产平台(软件)的开发等。其中,基于植被指数的估产方法又分为单一和多植被指数估产2类方法。在对近年来该领域大量文献深入研究的基础上,着重就几类热点方法展开论述,并对每类方法的优势和缺陷进行了评述,最后对该领域需要进一步研究的方向进行了探讨和展望,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

多源遥感影像融合技术及其在更新土地利用数据库中的应用

分析了SPOT和TM卫星影像的特点,提出综合利用SPOT和TM卫星影像的方法.对这两种影像进行融合,提取融合后的影像数据,使之与GIS数据库相叠加,达到对GIS矢量数据库更新的目的.以土地利用数据库为例进行实践,取得了较好的效果.     

Application of remote sensing and GIS technology to the study of desertification of arable lands in North Shaanxi,China

The policy of the Chinese government concerning the horizontal expansion of the cultivated land through the reclamation of desert soils result in a total increase of 665. 985 km2 during the period 1987–1999 in North Shaanxi. This increase is less than the loss in arable land by urbanization. The accelerated rate of change in agricultural areas calls for more rapid surveys of urbanization and loss of arable land. Remote sensing has a number of advantages over ground-based methods for such surveys. The multi-scale concept of remote sensing data help us study the problem in four towns. Several maps were produced to analyze the situation of urban coverage in different times. The evaluation of the status, rate and risk of urbanization are based on an accepted average of urban increase as 2% of population growth per year.     

Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Technology to the Study of Desertification of Arable Lands in North Shaanxi, China

The policy of the Chinese government concerning the horizontal expansion of the cultivated land through the reclamation of desert soils result in a total increase of 665. 985 km^2 during the period 1987-1999 in North Shaanxi. This increase is less than the loss in arable land by urbanization. The accelerated rate of change in agricultural areas calls for more rapid surveys of urbanization and loss of arable land. Remote sensing has a number of advantages over ground-based methods for such surveys. The multi-scale concept of remote sensing data help us study the problem in four towns. Several maps were produced to analyze the situation of urban coverage in different times. The evaluation of the status, rate and risk of urbanization are based on an accepted average of urban increase as 2% of population growth per year.     

基于RS与GIS的宁波市鄞州区土地利用变化分析

利用1990年土地详查变更调查数据和2006年SPOT遥感影像数据,借助GIS空间分析能力,通过计算土地利用类型动态度、转移矩阵、扩展强度指数分析了鄞州区的城镇土地利用变化的时空特征。研究结果表明:1)鄞州区城市、建制镇、交通运输用地、工矿用地扩展的大部分来源于耕地;2)区各街道城镇建设用地扩展强度指数大于建制镇;3)建设用地扩展以新城区及宁波城区周边的街道镇为主。     

无锡城市扩展的遥感监测及其模拟研究

我国已经进入快速城市化阶段,及时掌握城市空间动态扩展信息对于城市规划、城市建设、管理及决策具有重要的现实意义。本文以无锡市1991年和2001年Landsat TM遥感影像为数据源,提取建成区信息,并引入位序-规模分布理论进行城市扩展的模拟研究。结果表明无锡市东部、东南部和西部大幅度地向外扩展,建成区面积增加了52.4km2。位序规模分布模拟表明主城区城市用地斑块不断膨胀,平均斑块面积增大,大量碎小斑块被吸收和合并,模拟结果与建成区斑块的实际扩展变化比较吻合。     

Modeling sprawl of unauthorized development using geospatial technology: case study in Kuantan district,Malaysia

Abstract

The paper explores a framework combining remote sensing and GIS-cellular automata (CA) concepts aimed at improving the modeling of unauthorized land use sprawl. Remote sensing data have been used in urban modeling and analysis, the use of high-resolution remote sensing data in assessing unauthorized development is quite unexplored. This work has demonstrated systematic combination utilization of geospatial analyses tools to acquire a new level of information to enable urban modeling and sprawl analysis in assisting urban sustainable management. In this study, Kuantan city, Malaysia was selected in simulation of the unauthorized land use with CA concept for a period of 15 years (2000–2015), with main input time-series land use observation from 1995 to 2005. The 2000 and 2005 land use input was also used as calibrated and test assessment of the simulation. The results show excellent agreement between in-situ changes of the unauthorized land use classes and the corresponding simulated classes within the same periods. In conclusion, CA model can lead to new levels of understanding of how urban areas grow and change as in view of digital earth aspiration.     

Demarcation of potential avalanche sites using remote sensing and ground observations: a case study of Gangotri glacier

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of remote sensing and analytical hierarchy process for avalanche hazard mapping. The layers incorporated in this study were of slope, aspect, profile curvature, ground cover and elevation. The accuracy of output was determined using the registered avalanche sites based on ground observations and field-based modelling techniques. 93.35% of avalanche-affected areas came under maximum and moderate hazard zones, thus proving the effectiveness of this technique for Gangotri glacier basin. A parallel study was done to observe the change in the results, if any, by using high-resolution DEM and Cartosat-1 imagery. Similar methodology was adopted and the outcome was having significant improvement over the previous result as 98.8% of the preregistered avalanche area falling within maximum and moderate hazard zones.     

条件随机场框架下基于随机森林的城市土地利用/覆盖遥感分类

针对"基于像素的条件随机场(conditional random fields,CRFs)模型能否在m级分辨率的多光谱遥感图像分类中表现良好"的问题,提出了集成图像的光谱、方向梯度直方图和多尺度多方向Texton纹理等多种线索的CRFs模型定义方法。利用上述特征,选择随机森林(random forests,RF)定义CRFs关联势函数;利用特征对比度加权的Potts函数定义CRFs交互势函数,并且建立了多标签的RF-CRFs模型;对该模型进行分项参数训练以及基于图割的α-膨胀算法推理;利用典型城区的Quick Bird多光谱图像进行模型的验证与精度评价。结果表明RF-CRFs模型的分类精度可达82.52%以上,比RF分类器的分类精度提高了3.35%。     

基于逐日夜间灯光遥感的新冠肺炎疫情变化信息快速提取——以北京市为例

针对国内外日益复杂的疫情形势,本文以2020年6月北京疫情为例,利用NPP-VIIRS卫星的逐日夜间灯光数据,分析疫情受影响区域及疫情的控制与恢复状况,探索与人口密度等社会经济因素的关系。研究结果表明,逐日夜间灯光遥感可以有效提取疫情影响的区域范围及反映该区域受影响程度,所提取的受影响区域与国家划定的中高风险区域情况一致;同时基于逐日夜间灯光遥感能够及时监测疫情发展及疫情防控措施状况,区域夜间灯光强度随着疫情及防控的进展呈现明显的变化;平均夜间灯光损失强度及恢复强度同疫情暴发期区域人口密度均具有较强的相关性,相关性指标R²分别为0.97和0.91。本文研究结果表明逐日夜间灯光影像在快速提取新冠肺炎疫情变化信息方面有较大潜力。     

Delineation of groundwater potential zone in hard rock terrain of India using remote sensing,geographical information system (GIS) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) techniques

The present study has been undertaken to delineate the groundwater potential zones in the hard rock terrain of Palamu district, Jharkhand using the advanced applications of remote sensing, geographical information systems and analytic hierarchy process techniques. The integration and analyses of various thematic databases viz., geomorphology, lithology, soil, slope, lineament density, weathered zone thickness, drainage density and rainfall proved useful in the delineation of GWP zones. The study indicates that only 136?km² of the study area exhibit excellent groundwater potential, 248?km² has very good groundwater potential, whereas 36.89 and 38.23% are under poor and very poor groundwater potential zones, respectively. Hence, only a total of 11.6% of the area (490?km²) is classified as high to excellent groundwater potential. The final groundwater prospect map obtained was classified as excellent potential, very good potential, good potential, moderate potential, poor potential and very poor potential zone.     

重庆市城乡规划遥感督察系统建设研究

在分析当前城乡规划监督管理工作中普遍存在的问题和难点的基础上,构建了基于遥感、大数据和云服务等新技术的督察信息化模式——重庆市城乡规划遥感督察系统,实现了对督察业务数据的统一管理、分析和辅助决策,可满足规划督察工作内业分析、外业核查、信息填报、信息审核、考核处理等各阶段的业务需要,切实提高了城乡规划督察工作的效率。     

高分四号卫星在干旱遥感监测中的应用

高分四号(GF-4)是国家高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项天基系统中的一颗地球同步卫星,为探索GF-4号卫星在大面积干旱监测中的应用,本文对该卫星在快速监测大面积干旱方面的应用能力进行了初步探讨。以2016年内蒙古自治区巴林左旗和巴林右旗地区严重旱灾为例,利用NDVI差值对该区域的干旱情况进行了监测,并与MODIS NDVI产品进行对比分析,得到了研究区内2016年干旱分布情况,结果表明其总体趋势与MODIS NDVI产品一致,且细节信息更加丰富。本文主要是GF-4卫星数据结合GF-1卫星数据对内蒙部分干旱区域进行监测和分析,体现了国产高分辨率卫星数据,尤其是GF-4卫星数据,对提高中国突发灾害的应对能力具有重要意义。