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1.
鄱阳湖富营养化高光谱遥感监测模型初探 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
基于对光谱反射率与水质参数的相关分析,分别选取特征波长建立水质参数高光谱估测模型。结合修正营养状态指数,对湖泊的富营养化程度进行了监测和评价。结果表明:①总氮、总磷含量和透明度值的高光谱估测模型效果较理想;②单项指数评价水体富营养化水平其结果存在较大差异,综合考虑多个指标,计算营养指数的平均值,可以对富营养化程度进行正确的评价;③由于悬浮物浓度变化较大,掩盖了水体的叶绿素a信息,以致叶绿素a估测模型不具有通用性,为了完善叶绿素a浓度估测模型需要获得大范围、多季节的光谱数据,以便建立更有代表性和通用性的模型;④评价结果显示,鄱阳湖呈现轻度到中度富营养化状态,需要采取有力的保护措施防止进一步恶化。 相似文献
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水污染事故水质时空模拟和动态调控仿真系统研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对我国面临的重大水污染事故,结合一维系统动力学水质模型,将SD模型与GIS关联集成,开发基于二、三维一体化的水污染事故水质时空模拟和动态调控仿真系统;以2005-11发生的松花江水污染事件为例,进行水质模拟结果验证和可视化动态调控示范等,在时间和空间两个维度上对污染带迁移和转化进行动态模拟和趋势预测,实现了突发水污染事故水质浓度的模拟、预测和基于不同应急策略的模型调控。 相似文献
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水体污染的遥感方法及在珠江广州河段水污染监测中的应用 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
介绍了水体污染的遥感机理、方法,并探索在珠江广州河段水污染监测中的应用。研究表明:随着水体有机污染程度的增加,水体的可见-近红外光谱反射率逐渐降低。经比较发现,先对图像数据进行对数变换、IHS变换和KL变换后再进行密度分割及图像分类,可以更好地区分和识别水体污染。采用这一方法,制成了广州地区水体污染时空分布卫星影像图,并结合地面实际分析和调查资料,初步总结了珠江广州段水体污染的时空分布规律和污染变化趋势。通过对最新遥感数据的处理,结合区域或流域水污染的变化趋势和污染源研究,利用GIS技术建立区域或流域污染预警系统,为污染的宏观监测和研究以及水资源保护的决策提供了新的信息。 相似文献
5.
太湖秋季光学活性物质空间分布及其遥感估算模型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于2004年秋季在太湖进行的一次大范围水体吸收系数、散射系数、辐照度比等生物光学特性及光学活性物质浓度的测定和计算,分析了秋季太湖光学活性物质浓度的空间分布特征以及水体生物光学特性,并在此基础上发展了内陆浅水湖泊非色素颗粒物、浮游植物色素和有色可溶性有机物(chromophoric dis-solved organic matter,CDOM)的半分析模型。 相似文献
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近年来,随着工业化和城市化进程的加快,生态破坏、环境污染、湖泊品质恶化等一系列环境问题日趋严重,高原湖泊作为生态环境的重要指示剂,已逐渐成为研究的重点。空间可视化技术特有的交互性、多维性和可视化多样性的本质,更能直观形象地体现高原湖泊的变化。本文以阿雅克库木湖为研究区域,基于GIS平台,利用Landsat遥感影像数据(包括MSS、TM和ETM影像),运用改进的湖泊边界矢量化提取方法和GIS空间可视化技术,对高原湖泊的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,历年的湖泊变化规律表现为湖泊的面积随着年份的增大而逐渐增大,某一年内的湖泊变化规律表现为减-增-减的规律,其中在2月份达到最低,在10月份达到最高,这对于保护高原湖泊和环境、预测未来环境等具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Remote Sensing of Turbidity and Phosphate in Creeks and Coast of Mumbai: An Effect of Organic Matter
Deepty Ranjan Satapathy Ritesh Vijay Swapnil R. Kamble Rajiv A. Sohony 《Transactions in GIS》2010,14(6):811-832
Geospatial approaches to monitoring and mapping water quality over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales have the potential to save field and laboratory efforts. The present study depicts the estimation of water quality parameters, namely turbidity and phosphate, through regression analysis using the reflectance derived from remote sensing data on the west coast of Mumbai, India. The predetermined coastal water samples were collected using the global positioning system (GPS) and were measured concurrently with satellite imagery acquisition. To study the influence of wastewater, the linear correlations were established between water quality parameters and reflectance of visible bands for either set of imagery for the study area, which was divided into three zones: creek water, shore‐line water and coastal water. Turbidity and phosphate have the correlation coefficients in the range 0.75–0.94 and 0.78–0.98, respectively, for the study area. Negative correlation was observed for creek water owing to high organic content caused by the discharges of domestic wastewater from treatment facilities and non‐point sources. Based on the least square method, equations are formulated to estimate turbidity and phosphate, to map the spatial variation on the GIS platform from simulated points. The applicability of satellite imagery for water quality pattern on the coast is verified for efficient planning and management. 相似文献
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本文在建立湖泊运动模型,不量平衡模型的基础上,对污染物浓度的扩散进行了计算机模拟并快速形成了符合GIS数据结构的空间数据和属性数据;实现了专题自动分类及查询子系统并对武汉市东湖富营养化物质氮,磷和江西赤湖重金属物质铜污染进行了计算机计算实验,达到了实用的要求。 相似文献
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S. Kasi Viswanath N. K. Tripathi K. R. Salin 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(4):675-685
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Suspended Solid Concentration (SSC) shows the productivity of water and their surrounding environment. These parameters can be effectively estimated through several remote sensing techniques. From the recent reports on the Gulf of Thailand, it is found that Chl-a and SSC are increasing in coastal areas due to changing environment caused by variations in the global carbon cycle, climate change and water pollution linking to anthropogenic conditions such as high population density and rapid urbanization in neighbouring coastal areas deteriorating the coastal and marine environment. Various models are evaluated in this study for estimation of marine Chl-a and SSC by employing Ocean Colour Monitor-2 sensor of Oceansat-2 satellite for Northern Gulf of Thailand. The retrieval of Chl-a and SSC by the atmospheric correction of visible bands from 400 to 700 nm to attain normalized water-leaving radiances and then a suitable algorithm is applied. The In-situ reflectance values of sea waters are measured using the ASD spectroradiometer. The reflectance values of the spectroradiometer are correlated for the same day atmospherically corrected satellite reflectance and the analysis offers high correlation R2 0.73. Satellite derived, Chl-a and SSC are correlated with observed in situ Chl-a and SSC. This analysis offered better correlation of R2 0.86 and 0.85 respectively with the algorithms of Chl-a and SSC. 相似文献
10.
付海军 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(6):109-112
为分析高分一号WFV传感器16 m遥感影像在水质反演方面的能力,本文选取南四湖为研究区,以高分一号卫星影像与Landsat-8卫星OLI影像为数据源,结合地面同步实测水体浊度数据,建立反演水体浊度的原始光谱反射率模型、归一化反射率模型和波段比值模型,并对各模型进行精度评价,分别比较两个传感器在浊度反演能力方面的差异。结果表明:利用高分一号WFV 16m遥感影像进行水质反演具有较高的精度,且具备更高的空间分辨率和更短的重访周期,可以替代Landsat-8多光谱数据。 相似文献
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GIS中三维模型的设计 总被引:50,自引:4,他引:46
研究了三维GIS中的空间信息传输模式,探讨了平面地图符号与三维模型的区别与联系,阐述了三维模型的确立、定位、简化描述和逻辑性设计。 相似文献
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K. H. V. Durga Rao Ambesh Kumar Singh P. S. Roy 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(3):433-441
The scope of this research was to study lake morphology using spatial simulation technique, to develop revised elevation-capacity
curve, to develop elevation-water spread area curve, to study the relation between suspended sediment and remote sensing satellite
data, and to estimate suspended sediment load in the lake using a Geographic Information System coupled with ground truth.
The study area was the Bhopal Upper Lake, which has been classified as one of the major wetlands in India by the Ministry
of Water Resources, India. A precise digital elevation model was created using 0.5 meter interval contour information collected
from bathometric surveys. Water-spread areas at different water levels were simulated spatially in a Geographic Information
System (GIS) through the neighbourhood connectivity operator. Revised elevation-capacity curve and elevation-area curve of
the lake were prepared using the simulated results. Simulated water spread area at full tank level (FTL) was compared with
the actual water spread area delineated using remote sensing data. Water samples at different locations of the lake were collected
and located using the Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument. These samples were analysed in the laboratory for suspended
sediment concentration. Different image processing techniques were applied to LANDSAT 5 TM satellite digital data (except
thermal band). Correlation between radiance values of band 2 and suspended sediments was established and a positive linear
equation was found to fit the data best. Spatial distribution of suspended sediment load was estimated using the developed
regression equation and band 2 radiance image of the complete lake. Total suspended sediment load and loss of capacity at
full tank level were computed. 相似文献
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Field measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and remote-sensing reflectance were conducted to develop a regional, empirical red-blue algorithm to retrieve surface DOC from Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data for Lake Taihu, China. The auxiliary data (in-situ observations of the optical properties and water quality, buoy measurements of hydrodynamic data and water chemical parameters) were used to investigate the spatial and temporal variations in DOC. GOCI was shown to be capable of successfully obtaining hourly variations in DOC, with a root mean square error percentage (RMSP) of 17.29% (RMSE = 0.69 mg/L) for the match-up data. The GOCI-derived DOC in Lake Taihu confirms that the highest DOC concentration is in northwest Lake Taihu, followed by Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay and northeast Lake Taihu. Hourly DOC variation is significant and presents a different trend for each lake segment due to the variety of influencing factors. Discharge of DOC from surrounding rivers is an important factor to the variation of DOC in northeast Lake Taihu. However, organic products of algae will be the primary contributor to DOC when algal bloom occurred. During the period of algal bloom, high DOC levels in Lake Taihu can lead to hypoxia when coupled with high temperatures and low disturbance. 相似文献
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The development of groundwater favourability map is an effective tool for the sustainability management of groundwater resources in typical agricultural regions, such as southern Perak Province, Malaysia. Assessing the potentiality and pollution vulnerability of groundwater is a fundamental phase of favourability mapping. A geographic information system (GIS)-based Boolean operator of a spatial analyst module was applied to combine a groundwater potentiality map (GPM) model and a groundwater vulnerability to pollution index (GVPI) map, thereby establishing the favourable zones for drinking water exploration in the investigated area. The area GPM model was evaluated by applying a GIS-based Dempster–Shafer–evidential belief function model. In the evaluation, six geoelectrically determined groundwater potential conditioning factors (i.e. overburden resistivity, overburden thickness, aquifer resistivity, aquifer thickness, aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity) were synthesized by employing the probability-based algorithms of the model. The generated thematic maps of the seven hydrogeological parameters of the DRASTIC model were considered as pollution potential conditioning factors and were analysed with the developed ordered weighted average–DRASTIC index model algorithms to construct the GVPI map. Approximately 88.8 and 85.71% prediction accuracies for the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps were established using the reacting operating characteristic curve method and water quality status–vulnerability zone relationship scheme, respectively. Finally, the area groundwater favourability map (GFM) model was produced by applying a GIS-based Boolean operator on the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps. The GFM model reveals three distinct zones: ‘not suitable’, ‘less suitable’ and ‘very suitable’ zones. The area analysis of the GFM model indicates that more than 50% of the study area is covered by the ‘very suitable’ zones. Results produce a suitability map that can be used by local authorities for the exploitation and management of drinking water in the area. The study findings can also be applied as a tool to help increase public awareness of groundwater issues in developing countries. 相似文献
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Johannes F. Kruiger Vedran Kasalica Rogier Meerlo Anna‐Lena Lamprecht Enkhbold Nyamsuren Simon Scheider 《Transactions in GIS》2021,25(1):424-449
Loose programming enables analysts to program with concepts instead of procedural code. Data transformations are left underspecified, leaving out procedural details and exploiting knowledge about the applicability of functions to data types. To synthesize workflows of high quality for a geo‐analytical task, the semantic type system needs to reflect knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS) at a level that is deep enough to capture geo‐analytical concepts and intentions, yet shallow enough to generalize over GIS implementations. Recently, core concepts of spatial information and related geo‐analytical concepts were proposed as a way to add the required abstraction level to current geodata models. The core concept data types (CCD) ontology is a semantic type system that can be used to constrain GIS functions for workflow synthesis. However, to date, it is unknown what gain in precision and workflow quality can be expected. In this article we synthesize workflows by annotating GIS tools with these types, specifying a range of common analytical tasks taken from an urban livability scenario. We measure the quality of automatically synthesized workflows against a benchmark generated from common data types. Results show that CCD concepts significantly improve the precision of workflow synthesis. 相似文献
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Web GIS在水质信息系统中的应用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目前雪野水库水质监测与评价采用现场采样,实验室分析的人工方法,针对该方法不能反映水质指标在空间和时间上的分布状况问题,本文提出了基于Web GIS的水质信息系统设计方案。水质数据采集设备将采集到的水质信息利用移动网的GPRS无线网络可以及时发送到数据处理和监控中心,系统充分发挥GIS在水质评价中的优势,自动完成评价过程。评价结果可以生成水质污染专题图,直观显示水库水质的时空分布状况。Web GIS强大的空间分析与统计功能为水质信息管理的标准化、网络化、空间化提供了有效的工具。 相似文献
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Sampling for suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in inland waters is traditionally based on collecting samples at sparse
locations and in limited intervals. A number of investigators explored the utility of earth-observing satellites and air-borne
sensors for monitoring of SSC over vast areas. Two approaches are commonly deployed: (1) empirical relationships between a
chosen remotely sensed quantity and the actual in-situ SSC; and (2) bio-optical models founded on radiative transfer modeling. Unfortunately, in-situ measurements are often unavailable for direct image calibration, and inherent optical properties of optically active constituents
(specific scattering and absorption coefficients) are usually unknown. This paper examines the possibility to retrieve SSC
from multispectral satellite imagery without any in-situ data, i.e. using only image-derived information. The fundamental principle of image selfcalibration relies on the fact that
in the visual domain of wavelengths (∼400–700 nm) the at-sensor reflectance becomes “saturated“ at high SSC, whereas the near-infrared
domain (∼700–900 nm) remains almost perfectly linearly related to sediment concentrations. The core idea of the self-calibrating
procedure is rather simple and is based on fitting an exponential function between reflectance and SSC, with SSC replaced
by a linear relationship between SSC and reflectance in the near-infrared domain. As a first approximation of the non-linearity
between reflectance and SSC levels in the 400–700 nm range, we used the equation proposed by Schiebe et al. (1992), although other equations, especially those arising from optical theory could be used as well. The technique is illustrated
on a moderately sediment-laden reservoir and two scenes acquired from Landsat ETM+. The standard error of the estimated SSC
was below 15 mg/L (i.e. ∼25 % relative error for the observed range of SSC). Although the proposed algorithm does not yield
better results than other models mentioned in the literature, the primary advantage of the outlined methodology is that no
in-situ measurements (water sampling nor spectral profiling) are needed — i.e. only image-derived information is used. 相似文献
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三维GIS应用于楼宇租赁管理,不仅空间信息的展示更为直观,而且多维度空间分析功能更加强大。本文利用侧轴投影以及后期纹理、贴图、修正等处理将三维数据转换成2.5维数据,解决了数据量大和加载速度慢的问题;通过构建三维矢量图并与2.5维地图匹配融合,可以方便地查询属性信息;室内地图的制作包括概念建模、数据转换、地图切片三个步骤。文章将楼宇外部轮廓的三维模型和室内二维地图相结合,注重精细化管理和多维度、多层次的管理需要,使用户对楼宇信息管理系统的使用更加方便。 相似文献