Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the middle Silurian volcanic rocks in northern West Junggar,NW China

Zircon U–Pb geochronological and geochemical analyses are reported for a suite of the middle Silurian volcanic rocks from northern West Junggar (NW China), southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), with the aim to investigate the sources, petrogenesis, and tectonic implications. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb analysis from an andesite yielded a concordant weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 429 ± 3 Ma, indicating the presence of middle Silurian volcanic rocks in northern West Junggar. The andesite is tholeiite series and characterized by minor variations in compositions (SiO₂ = 55.68–59.17 wt.%, Al₂O₃ = 14.56–17.7 wt.%, TiO₂ = 0.55–1.23 wt.%, Na₂O + K₂O = 3.46–7.16 wt.%, and P₂O₅ = 0.15–0.37 wt.%), with wider MgO content (2.18–6.48 wt.%) and Mg# (57.4–77.9). All andesitic rocks are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g. Rb, Ba, K, and Th) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), but strongly depleted in some high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g. Nb, Ta and Ti), with slight negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.8–1). These features suggest that the andesitic magmas were derived from 2–8% partial melting of a garnet lherzolite depleted mantle source with subducted sediments metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. Combining the current study with those data in existing literature, we conclude that the middle Silurian volcanic rocks formed in an intra-oceanic subduction setting during consumption of the Irtysh–Zaysan Ocean, and further confirm the eastern extension of the early Palaeozoic Boshchekul–Chingiz volcanic arc of East Kazakhstan in China.     

Paleozoic magmatic events in the Strandja Massif,NW Turkey

The Strandja massif consists of metamorphic basement intruded by large Early Permian plutons of the Kirklareli type and overlain by Triassic metasedimentary cover. Together with its continuation in Bulgaria this massif forms an important link between the Pontides and the orogenic belts of Europe. Various types of orthogneisses constitute a significant part of the metamorphic basement however these rocks have until now escaped a particular study and therefore the Paleozoic history of the massif is essentially unknown. In this study these rocks are classified and mapped as hornblende-biotite, biotite-muscovite, and leucocratic orthogneisses. Their modal compositions correspond to quartz diorite, tonalite, granodiorite and trondhjemite. Geochemical data suggest a calc-alkaline trend of differentiation and metaluminous character of the parent magmas. Isotopic dating using the single zircon evaporation method has shown that magmatic ages of these orthogneisses cluster within a short time interval between 312±2 and 315 ±5 Ma in the Carboniferous. At the same time inherited ages of magmatic zircons in these rocks record a long lived magmatic activity between 340 and 650 Ma. We infer that the Carboniferous orthogneisses were formed in a magmatic arc that evolved atop of a mature continental basement. Previously established ([1, 2]) Early Permian magmatic event has been confirmed by additional age determinations constraining it at 257±6 Ma. Tectonic setting of this episode is also interpreted as subduction related taking into consideration its geochemical features and relationships with surrounding tectonic units.     

Late Cretaceous granitoids in Karakorum,northwest Tibet: petrogenesis and tectonic implications

New zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb age, zircon Hf isotope, and whole-rock major and trace elemental data of the Late Cretaceous Ageledaban complex in the Karakorum Terrane (KKT), northwest Tibet, provide new constraints on the tectonic processes of the collision and thickening of the terrane between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes. The granitoids from the Ageledaban complex have a variable SiO₂ content, from 62.83 to 73.35 wt.% and A/CNK<1.1 (except for YM61-2). They have rare earth element and trace element patterns that are enriched in light rare earth elements, Rb, Pb, Th, and U, and are depleted in Ba, P, Sr, Ti, and Nb, indicative of weakly peraluminous-metaluminous I-type affinity. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the Ageledaban complex was emplaced at ca. 80 Ma. Zircons from the monzogranite and monzonite samples with concordant ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages about 80 Ma have a zircon ε_Hf(t) of ?6.6 to ?1.1, corresponding to the Mesoproterozoic Hf crustal model ages (T_DM^C = 1.2–1.6 Ga); the remaining inherited zircons from the monzonite with concordant ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of about 108.1 Ma have ε_Hf(t) values that range from ?8.3 to ?5.0, corresponding to the Mesoproterozoic Hf crustal model ages with an average of 1.6 Ga. These signatures indicate that the Ageledaban granitoids may have been derived from the partial melting of a mixed mantle-crust source. Together with the age and geochemical data in the literature, we propose that the collisional event in the KKT in northwestern Tibet would postdate the northern Lhasa–southern Qiangtang collision, which occurred first in the Amdo in the east and later in the Shiquanhe in central Tibet. Our results support the previous view that the collision of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone (BNSZ) may be diachronous.     

Subduction-related Late Cretaceous high-K volcanism in the Central Pontides orogenic belt: constraints on geodynamic implications

Mineral chemistry, major and trace elements, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data are presented for the Late Cretaceous Hamsilos volcanic rocks in the Central Pontides, Turkey. The Hamsilos volcanic rocks mainly consist of basalt, andesite and associated pyroclastics (volcanic breccia, vitric tuff and crystal tuff). They display shoshonitic and high-K calc-alkaline affinities. The shoshonitic rocks contain plagioclase, clinopyroxene, alkali feldspar, phlogopite, analcime, sanidine, olivine, apatite and titanomagnetite, whereas the high-K calc-alkaline rocks contain plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, magnetite / titanomagnetite in microgranular porphyritic, hyalo-microlitic porphyritic and glomeroporphyritic matrix. Mineral chemistry data reveal that the pressure condition of the clinopyroxene crystallisation for the shoshonitic rocks are between 1.4 and 6.3 kbar corresponds to 6–18-km depth and the high-K calc-alkaline rocks are between 5 and 12 km. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age data changing between 72 ± .5 Ma and 79.0 ± .3 Ma (Campanian) were determined for the Late Cretaceous Hamsilos volcanic rocks, contemporaneous with the subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean beneath the Pontides. The studied volcanic rocks were enriched in the large-ion lithophile and light rare earth element contents, with pronounced depletion in the contents of high-field-strength elements. Chondrite-normalised rare earth element patterns (La_N/Lu_N = 6–17) show low to medium enrichment, indicating similar sources of the rock suite. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values vary between .70615 and .70796, whereas initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd values change between .51228 and .51249. Initial ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values vary between 18.001 and 18.349, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values between 15.611 and 15.629 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values between 37.839 and 38.427. The main solidification processes involved in the evolution of the volcanic rocks consist of fractional crystallisation, with minor amounts of crustal contamination ± magma mixing. According to geochemical evidence, the shoshonitic melts in the Hamsilos volcanic rocks were possibly derived from the low degree of partial melting of a subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), while the high-K calc-alkaline melts were derived from relatively high degree of partial melting of SCLM that was enriched by fluids and/or sediments from a subduction of oceanic crust.     

Early Cretaceous A-type granites and Mo mineralization,Aershan area,eastern Inner Mongolia,Northeast China: geochemical and isotopic constraints

The Jiazishan porphyry-type molybdenum deposit is located in the eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China. Mineralization occurs mainly as veins, lenses, and layers within the host porphyry. To better understand the link between mineralization and host igneous rocks, we studied samples from underground workings and report new SHRIMP II zircon U–Pb and Re–Os molybdenite ages, and geochemical data from both the molybdenites and the porphyry granites. Seven molybdenite samples yield a Re–Os isochron weighted mean age of 135.4 ± 2.1 Ma, whereas the porphyry granite samples yield crystallization ages of 139 ± 1.5 Ma (Jiazishan deposit) and 133 ± 1 Ma (Taolaituo deposit). The U–Pb and Re–Os ages are similar, suggesting that the mineralization is genetically related to Early Cretaceous porphyry emplacement. Re contents of the molybdenite range from 21.74 ppm to 52.08 ppm, with an average of 35.92 ppm, whereas δ³⁴ S values of the sulphide vary from 1.3‰ to 4.2‰. The ores have ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.178–18.385, 15.503–15.613, and 37.979–38.382, respectively. We also obtained a weighted mean U–Pb zircon age of 294.2 ± 2.1 Ma for the oldest granite in Jiazishan area. All granites are A-type granites. These observations indicate that the molybdenites and the porphyry granites were derived from a mixed source involving young accretionary materials and enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. A synthesis of geochronological and geological data reveals that porphyry emplacement and Mo mineralization in the Jiazishan deposit occurred contemporaneously with Early Cretaceous tectonothermal events associated with lithospheric thinning, which was caused by delamination and subsequent upwelling of the asthenosphere associated with intra-continental extension in Northeast China.     

Early Cretaceous magmatism and associated polymetallic mineralization in South China: the Tiantang example

ABSTRACT

The Tiantang Cu–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit in western Guangdong, South China, is hosted in the contact zone between the monzogranite porphyry and limestone of the Devonian Tianziling Formation. Orebodies occur in the skarn and skarnized marble as bedded, lenses, and irregular shapes. In this study, we performed LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating, zircon trace elements, and Hf isotopic analyses on the Tiantang monzogranite porphyry closely related to Cu–Pb–Zn mineralization. Twenty-two zircons from the sample yield excellent concordia results with a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 104.5 ± 0.7 Ma, which shows that the emplacement of the monzogranite porphyry in the Tiantang deposit occurred in the Early Cretaceous. The zircon U–Pb age is largely consistent with the sulphide Rb–Sr isochron ages, indicating that both the intrusion and Cu–Pb–Zn mineralization were formed during the Early Cretaceous in South China. The ε_Hf(t) values of three inherited zircons from the monzogranite porphyry are 13.1, 11.9, and 12.9, respectively, and the two-stage Hf model ages are 1096 Ma, 1087 Ma, and 1055 Ma, respectively. Except for the three inherited zircons, all ε_Hf(t) values of zircons are negative and have a range of ?7.6 to ?3.4, with the two-stage model ages (T_DM2) of 1380–1643 Ma, which indicates the rock-forming materials were mainly derived from the partial melting of Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic crust rocks, and probably included some Neoproterozoic arc-related volcanic-sedimentary materials. In this study, the monzogranite porphyry from the Tiantang deposit has calculated Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios of zircon ranging from 91 to 359, indicative of a more oxidized signature and significant prospecting potential for ore-related magmatism. Based on ore deposit geology, isotope geochemistry, and geochronology of the Tiantang Cu–Pb–Zn deposit and regional geodynamic evolution, the formation of Early Cretaceous magmatism and associated polymetallic mineralization in South China is believed to be related to large-scale continental extension and subsequent upwelling of the asthenosphere.     

On the geology of the Indoburman ranges

The mountains of western and northwestern Burma consist chiefly of colossal accumulations of Palaeocene to Eocene (Arakan and Chin Hills) or Senonian to Eocene (Naga Hills) Flysch of varying, including “exotic”, facies.

The main frontal thrust zone of the Alpino‐Himalayan Tectogene lies along and within the easternmost ranges of this Indoburman system, not along the western margin (Shan Scarp) of the Sinoburman Highlands. Some of the highest mountains in the Naga Hills are “Klippen” of metamorphics lying on Flysch.

The Flysch ranges arose during the Oligocene but along the Arakan Coast there is ample evidence of an equally important earlier orogenic phase (latest Cretaceous) now almost totally buried beneath the western half of the Indoburman system and the post‐Oligocene “Argille Scagliose” and “Macigno” on‐lapping eastwards from the Bengal‐Assam embayment.

The lowlands of Central and Lower Burma do not represent a foreland feature, but an intramontane Molasse‐filled basin to which the sea retained access because of a general southerly plunge of the Alpine Tectogene. Geotec‐tonically, it is analogous to the Tibetan Plateau, not the Indo‐Gangetic lowlands.     

Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions from the Sin Quyen Formation: the Precambrian crustal evolution of northwest Vietnam

The location of the suture zone between the South China and Indochina blocks in northwest Vietnam has been under debate for decades. Generally, the boundary between these blocks has been placed along (1) the Ailaoshan–Red River zone or (2) the Song Ma zone. The Sin Quyen Formation, lying between these zones, was previously regarded as a Palaeo- and Mesoproterozoic sequence. It comprises its provenance and tectonic affinity. We analysed detrital zircons from two paragneisses and one migmatite of the Sin Quyen Formation employing laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb dating techniques. U–Pb ages of these zircons show three main periods of zircon formation: ～2.7–3.0, ～2.2–2.5, and ～1.8 Ga, suggesting that Sin Quyen rocks were mainly derived from Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean basement units. Inasmuch as the South China basement comprises rocks of similar ages, we conclude that the Sin Quyen Formation belongs to that block. Our new data strengthen the view that the suture between the South China and Indochina blocks is located within the Song Ma zone. In addition, zircons with U–Pb ages >3.0 thousand million years represent the oldest minerals reported in northwest Vietnam so far, indicating the existence of Mesoarchaean crustal remnants in this region.     

Age and tectonic significance of the Louth Volcanics: implications for the evolution of the Tasmanides of eastern Australia

Abstract

Re-evaluation of geochemical and geophysical datasets, and analysis of magmatic and detrital zircons from drill-core samples extracted from the Louth region of the southern Thomson Orogen (STO), augmented by limited field samples, has shown that two temporally and compositionally distinct igneous groups exist. The older Lower Devonian, calc-alkaline group corresponds to complexly folded, high-intensity curvilinear magnetic anomalies in the Louth region (Louth Volcanics) and are probable equivalents to Lower Devonian volcanics in the northern Lachlan Orogen. A younger Permo-Triassic alkaline assemblage forms part of an E–W corridor of diatremes that appears to relate to focussed lithospheric extension associated with the later stages of the Hunter–Bowen Orogeny in the New England Orogen. The alkaline group includes gabbros previously considered as Neoproterozoic, but all magmatic rocks, including alkaline basalts, contain an unusual number of xenocrystic zircons. The age spectra of the xenocrystic zircons mimic detrital zircons from Cobar Basin sedimentary rocks and/or underlying Ordovician turbidites, suggesting incorporation of upper crustal zircons into the alkaline basaltic magmas. A distinct difference of detrital zircon age spectra from central Thomson Orogen metasediments indicates the STO metasediments have greater affinities to the Lachlan Orogen, but both orogens probably began in the Early Ordovician during widespread backarc extension and deposition of turbidites in the Tasmanides. A surprising result is that Ordovician, Devonian and Permo-Triassic basaltic rocks from the STO and elsewhere in the Tasmanides, all yield the same Nd-model ages of ca 960–830 Ma, suggesting that Neoproterozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle persisted throughout the evolution of the Tasmanide orogenic system.     

Crystallogenetic models for metasomatic replacement in zircons: implications for U–Pb geochronology of Precambrian rocks

Recrystallization of zircons under the influence of fluids was studied using examples from Precambrian rocks (microcline granites, metasedimentary, and mafic rocks) of the Kola Peninsula. All zircon crystals showed complex internal textures visible by cathodoluminescence and backscattered electron (BSE) imaging. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies with subsequent secondary ion mass spectrometer U–Pb dating of different zircon domains show that secondary texture formation can be interpreted in terms of metasomatic replacement of zircon crystals on the base of crystallogenetic experimental models. Mechanisms of zircon replacement and interpretation of U–Pb ages for secondary zircon domains are dependent on the degree of damage of the zircon structure and the fluid composition. The recrystallization of metamict zircon without additional supply of new zircon substance (Zr, SiO₂) goes with the dissolution of amorphous domains and precipitation of new polycrystalline zircon, which preserves the U–Pb initial age, but loses radiogenic lead, and the lower intercept of Discordia lines with the Concordia curve determines the time of fluid influence. The recrystallization of metamict zircon or crystalline zircon with high contents of impurities with additional supply of Si and Zr forms monocrystalline replacements. Dissolution of primary zircon is accompanied by growth of new zircon domains differing in the composition of isomorphic impurities and zones of transitional composition, whose ages have no geological sense. The study is of particular importance for zircons from Precambrian rocks with long and complex histories.     

Early Cretaceous Magma Mingling in Xiaocuo, Southeastern China Continental Margin: Implications for Subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate

Magma mingling has been identified within the continental margin of southeastern China.This study focuses on the relationship between mafic and felsic igneous rocks in composite dikes and plutons in this area,and uses this relationship to examine the tectonic and geodynamic implications of the mingling of mafic and felsic magmas.Mafic magmatic enclaves(MMEs) show complex relationships with the hosting Xiaocuo granite in Fujian area,including lenticular to rounded porphyritic microgranular enclaves containing abundant felsic/mafic phenocrysts,elongate mafic enclaves,and back-veining of the felsic host granite into mafic enclaves.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses show crystallization of the granite and dioritic mafic magmatic enclave during ca.132 and 116 Ma.The host granite and MMEs both show zircon growth during repeated thermal events at-210 Ma and 160-180 Ma.Samples from the magma mingling zone generally contain felsic-derived zircons with well-developed growth zoning and aspect ratios of 2-3,and maficderived zircons with no obvious oscillatory zoning and with higher aspect ratios of 5-10.However,these two groups of zircons show no obvious trace element or age differences.The Hf-isotope compositions show that the host granite and MMEs have similar ε_(Hf)(t) values from negative to positive which suggest a mixed source from partial melting of the Meso-Neoproterozoic with involvement of enriched mantlederived magmas or juvenile components.The lithologies,mineral associations,and geochemical characteristics of the mafic and felsic rocks in this study area indicate that both were intruded together,suggesting Early Cretaceous mantle—crustal interactions along the southeastern China continental margin.The Early Cretaceous magma mingling is correlated to subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate.     

Late Mesozoic topographic evolution of western Transbaikalia:Evidence for rapid geodynamic changes from the Mongol-Okhotsk collision to widespread rifting

The Mesozoic geodynamic evolution of Transbaikalia has been largely controlled by the scissors-like closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean that separated Siberia from Mongolia-North China continents.Following the oceanic closure,the tectonic evolution of that region was characterized by collisional uplift and subsequent extension that gave rise to the formation of metamorphic core complexes.This complex tectonic setting prevailed simultaneously between 150 Ma and 110 Ma both in Transbaikalia,North Mongolia,and within the North China Craton.Published paleobotanical and paleontological data show that the oldest Mesozoic basins had formed in western Transbaikalia before the estimated age of extension onset.However no precise geochronological age is available for the onset of extension in Transbaikalia.The Tugnuy Basin,as probably the oldest Mesozoic basin in western Transbaikalia,is a key obj ect to date the onset of extension and following changes in tectonic setting.In this study,U-Pb(LA-ICP-MS) dating of detrital zircons from three key Jurassic sediment formations of the Tugnuy Basin are used to identify the potential source areas of the sediments,understand the changes in sediment routing and provide insights on the topographic evolution of western Transbaikalia.Our results show several significant changes in tectonic regime after the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.A wide uplifted plateau formed during the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean,determining the Early Jurassic drainage system reaching the AngaraVitim batholith to the north and shedding sediments to the continental margin to the South.The following collisional event at the end of the Early Jurassic led to the uplift of the collision zone,which partially inverted the drainage system toward the North.A strike-slip displacement induced by the oblique collision initiated some of the early Transbaikalian depressions,such as the Tugnuy Basin at about 168 Ma.A phase of basin inversion,marked by folding and erosion of the Upper Jurassic sediments,could correspond to the short-term collision event that took place during the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The following inversion in tectonic regime from compression to extension is consistent with the mid-lower-crustal extension that led to the formation of the numerous metamorphic core complexes throughout northeastern continental Asia during the Early Cretaceous.     

Early Cretaceous granitic rocks from the southern Jiaodong Peninsula,eastern China: implications for lithospheric extension

ABSTRACT

Zircon U–Pb ages, major element and trace element compositions, and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions for late Mesozoic granites from the southern Jiaodong Peninsula (eastern China) were determined. Ages for the Wulianshan, Xiaozhushan, and Dazhushan plutons are 119.1–122.3, 114.2, and 108.9 Ma, respectively. Major and trace element characteristics show that these granitic rocks belong to alkaline, A-type granites formed in an extensional setting. Trace element compositions show strong, variable negative anomalies in Ba, K, P and Ti, and positive anomalies in Rb, Th, U, Pb, Ce, Zr, and Hf, which are typical characteristics of A-type granites. Variable Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(i) = 0.70540–0.7071 and εNd(t) = ?14.5 to ?20.9. Whole-rock Pb isotopic compositions have the following ranges, (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)t = 15.707–16.561, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)t = 15.376–16.462, and (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)t = 36.324 to 37.064. Isotopic modelling indicates an origin that lies between mantle tapped by Cenozoic basalts around the Tan-Lu megafault and lower continental crust (LCC), and which can be explained by mixing of 11–18% mantle and 82–89% LCC. Based on new and compiled data, we suggest that the southern Jiaodong Peninsula, as well as the Laoshan area, was in a regional extensional setting of an orogenic belt during 106–126 Ma. The granitic rocks may be the result of late Mesozoic lithospheric thinning and decratonization (i.e. late Mesozoic craton destruction event occurring throughout eastern China).     

黑龙江塔溪地区晚古生代后造山花岗岩特征及其地质意义

摘要：位于兴蒙造山带东端的黑龙江塔溪地区花岗岩主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩,锆石U Pb( LA ICP MS)同位素测年结果为295～285 Ma,表明形成于晚古生代。岩石地球化学以弱过铝质、中—高钾为特征,总体表现为：高钾钙碱性系列,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,弱—中等δEu负异常,大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、La富集,Ba、Sr亏损,高场强元素(HFSE)Ce、Zr、Hf、Th富集,Nb、Ta亏损。推测花岗质岩浆曾发生壳幔混染作用,有更多壳源物质参与,显示后造山I型花岗岩特征。认为花岗岩形成于挤压向伸展转换的后造山环境,为兴安地块与松嫩地块碰撞拼合的后造山阶段产物。     

The Cerro Olivo Complex: a pre-collisional Neoproterozoic magmatic arc in Eastern Uruguay

The Cerro Olivo Complex is one of the few occurrences of the basement rocks in the Dom Feliciano Belt. It contains migmatitic paragneisses and orthogneisses that host granites of ca. 600–540 Ma Aiguá Batholith. The main orthogneisses are rich in orthopyroxene + Ca-plagioclase (Cerro Bori unit), but K-feldspar augen gneisses are also common (Centinela-Punta del Este unit). The paragneisses (Chafalote unit) are semi-pelitic migmatites that contain restites of metapelites, quartzites, amphibolites, and calc-silicate rocks. A clockwise pressure–temperature–time (P–T-t) path and two deformational events affected the Cerro Olivo Complex rocks. Granulitic high-pressure (HP)–high-temperature (HT) peak conditions were followed by low pressure (LP)–HT decompression. The first deformation (K₁) developed an E–W gneissic foliation and westward-stretching lineations, whereas the second (K₂) produced NS to NE–SW low-temperature mylonitic foliation and southward-stretching lineations. New SHRIMP U–Pb data from zircon cores in magmatic textural domains yield an intrusive age of 782 ± 7 million years for the Cerro Bori unit. The zircon rims have an age of 657 ± 7 million years, reflecting a younger partial melting event. Inherited ages in zircon xenocrysts span from 2655 to 768 million years, but are mostly ca. 1.0–1.2 thousand million years old. Bulk-rock geochemistry indicates a magmatic arc setting for the source rocks. The Cerro Bori unit represents calk-alkaline tonalitic and granodioritic rocks mixed with minor gabbros; in contrast, the Centinela unit consists of post-orogenic granites. A continental magmatic arc developed between ca. 800 and 770 Ma attending convergence of the Kalahari and Rio de la Plata palaeocontinents, but prior to their collision.     

Petrogenesis and geodynamic significance of the Late Triassic Tadong adakitic pluton in West Qinling,central China

The tectonic setting of the West Qinling orogenic belt (QOB) during the Middle–Late Triassic remains a subject of debate. Petrogenesis of adakitic granodiorite plays a critical role in determining the nature of the lower continental crust and mantle dynamics during orogenic processes in the region. The Tadong adakitic granodiorite pluton in the western part of the West QOB is an important element of this system. Its petrogenesis can place severe constraints on the nature of the lower continental crust and mantle dynamics during the formation of the orogenic belt. U–Pb dates obtained through zircon laser-ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry indicate that the Tadong pluton was emplaced at 220.2 ± 2.5 Ma, coeval with abundant magmatic rocks in the region. This indicates a prominent magmatic event in the western part of West Qinling during the Late Triassic. Geochemically the granodiorites are metaluminous to peraluminous high-K calc-alkalic and characterized by relatively high SiO₂ (63.84–67.91 wt.%), Al₂O₃ (15.39–16.54 wt.%), and Sr (435.08–521.64 ppm), and low MgO (1.16–1.88 wt.%; Mg# = 38–46), Y (5.49–8.84 ppm) and Yb (0.34–0.91 ppm) contents, variable Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.87–1.1), and high Sr/Y (51.72–84.45) ratios. These are compositional features of adakites that are commonly assumed to have been produced through partial melting of subducted oceanic basalt. In addition, the adakitic rocks are relatively enriched in light rare earth elements, large ion lithophile elements (Rb, Ba, Sr, Th, and K), and depleted in high field strength elements. However, petrological, geochronological, and geochemical characteristics indicate that the adakitic rocks were most likely formed by partial melting of a thickened mafic lower crust. Therefore, we suggest that the Tadong adakitic granodiorites were produced in a syn-collisional regime and associated with asthenospheric upwelling triggered by slab break-off or gravitational instability. This mechanism was responsible for generating the Late Triassic magmatism of West Qinling.     

Geology,structure and age of the Nahuel Niyeu Formation in the Aguada Cecilio area,North Patagonian Massif,Argentina

The low-grade Nahuel Niyeu Formation in the Aguada Cecilio area (40°50′S–65°53′W) shows ultramafic to felsic metaigneous rocks forming a sill swarm intercalated in the metasedimentary sequence and a polyphase deformation which permit an integrated study of the magmatic and tectonometamorphic evolution of this geological unit.In this paper we present a geological characterization of the Nahuel Niyeu Formation in the Aguada Cecilio area combining mapping, structural and metamorphic analysis with a SHRIMP U–Pb age and geochemical data from the metaigneous rocks.The metasedimentary sequence consists of alternating metagreywackes and phyllites, and minor metasandstones and granule metaconglomerates. The sills are pre-kinematic intrusions and yielded one SHRIMP U–Pb, zircon crystallization age of 513.6 ± 3.3 Ma. Their injection occurred after consolidation of the sedimentary sequence. A syn-sedimentary volcanic activity is interpreted by a metaandesite lava flow interlayered in the metasedimentary sequence. Sedimentary and igneous protoliths of the Nahuel Niyeu Formation would have been formed in a continental margin basin associated with active magmatic arc during the Cambrian Epoch 2. Two main low-grade tectonometamorphic events affected the Nahuel Niyeu Formation, one during the Cambrian Epoch 2–Early Ordovician and the other probably in the late Permian at ∼260 Ma. Local late folds could belong to the final stages of the late Permian deformation or be even younger.In a regional context, the Nahuel Niyeu and El Jagüelito formations and Mina Gonzalito Complex show a comparable Cambrian–Ordovician evolution related to the Terra Australis Orogen in the south Gondwana margin. This evolution is also coeval with the late and early stages of the Pampean and Famatinian orogenies of Central Argentina, respectively. The late Permian event recorded in the Nahuel Niyeu Formation in Aguada Cecilio area is identified by comparable structures affecting the Mina Gonzalito Complex and El Jagüelito Formation and resetting ages from granitoids. This event represents the Gondwanide Orogeny within the same Terra Australis Orogen.     

内蒙古锡林浩特早石炭世构造环境：来自变质基性火山岩的年代学和地球化学证据

内蒙古锡林浩特地区变质基性火山岩位于锡林浩特市东南部,大地构造上隶属于兴蒙造山带东段,其野外产出状态为锡林郭勒杂岩中的斜长角闪岩。应用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年方法,测得两组年龄为334.5±3.5 Ma和323.4±2.4 Ma,表明岩石的形成时代为早石炭世。地球化学特征显示研究区变质基性火山岩具有高Fe(TFeO=6.07%~10.55%)、高Mg(MgO=3.90%~11.29%)、高Al(Al_2O_3=12.68%~17.22%)、贫Ti(TiO_2=0.56%~1.69%)、富Na贫K(K_2O+Na_2O=2.12%~7.37%,K_2O/Na_2O=0.02~0.59)的特征,属于低钾—中钾低钛高镁铝钙碱性玄武岩或者安山岩,部分变质基性火山岩表现出高镁安山岩的特征。变质基性火山岩的稀土元素总量较低(∑REE=15.97×10~(-6)~176.0×10~(-6)),轻、重稀土分异不太显著(LREE/HREE=0.77~6.26),无明显Eu异常(δEu=0.48~1.13)。多数样品微量元素表现出强烈富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf。以上地球化学特征表明研究区变质基性火山岩的原岩可能为玄武岩或安山岩,形成于岛弧环境。岩石Sr-Nd同位素分析结果显示研究区变质基性岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i较低,为0.701828~0.704096,ε_(Nd)(t)为+2.83~+6.61,表明其直接来源于亏损的岩石圈地幔。综上所述,基本可以判定锡林浩特地区变质基性火山岩的原始岩浆应起源于受俯冲板片脱水交代的亏损地幔楔,是岛弧环境岩浆活动的产物。结合区域上前人的研究成果,认为该基性火山岩应该是在古亚洲洋洋壳向北俯冲,俯冲板片脱水形成的富集大离子亲石元素的流体进入上覆地幔楔,使地幔楔橄榄岩发生部分熔融而形成的,表明在早石炭世,古亚洲洋在研究区并没有关闭,而是正处于俯冲消减阶段。     

班怒成矿带中段雄梅地区碰撞后含铜岩浆岩类型、时代及成因

雄梅地区位于西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带中段申扎县,区内分布有舍索矽卡岩型铜多金属矿,雄梅斑岩型铜钼矿,以及桑日、苦嘎矽卡岩铜矿点,相应地发育多套含铜岩浆岩。本文通过系统的锆石U-Pb年龄、全岩Pb同位素及岩石地球化学分析,厘定了这些含铜岩浆岩的时代和成因类型。初步查明它们先后形成于约110Ma(舍索,雄梅,苦嘎)和80Ma(桑日)两个岩浆活动阶段。雄梅地区岩浆活动的时代及源区具有明显的后碰撞阶段特征,其中雄梅矿区的含矿花岗闪长斑岩具高铝、钙碱性特征,为由泥砂质沉积岩生成的S型花岗岩。舍索、桑日、苦嘎矿区的含矿岩体均为I型,显示原岩为火成岩。岩石地球化学表明这些含矿岩体富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Sr、Th、Pb),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),显示出俯冲沉积物组分对岩浆形成产生过重要影响。在早白垩世时期,俯冲板片断离,大量的软流圈物质上涌并参与岩浆活动,促使上地壳组分熔融,携带大量成矿元素形成含矿岩浆岩,在近地表形成雄梅、舍索及桑日矿床;晚白垩世时期,加厚的岩石圈在重力作用下拆沉,减薄的岩石圈在上涌地幔的底侵作用下发生熔融,形成桑日矿床。     

Chronological and geochemical constraints on the pre-variscan tectonic history of the Erzgebirge,Saxothuringian Zone

A combined U–Pb zircon geochronological and whole-rock isotopic and geochemical study has been carried out on high-grade orthogneiss, meta-basite, and meta-sediments from the Erzgebirge. The results indicate multiple pulses of Ediacaran–Ordovician magmatism in a transitional volcanic-arc to rift-basin setting. Orthogneiss from high-pressure nappes exhibit a step-like pattern of inherited zircon ages and emplacement ages of 500–475 Ma. In contrast, granite gneiss from the medium-pressure core of the Erzgebirge is characterised by three pulses of magmatism in the Early Cambrian, Late Cambrian, and Early Ordovician. A trend of decreasing Th/U ratios in zircon is observed to c.500 Ma, after which significant increases in the trend and variability of the data is inferred to mark the transition from arc-related to rift-related magmatism. Sediments deposited in the Early Cambrian have continental island arc affinity. Major detrital peaks in the Ediacaran and subordinate Tonian, Palaeoproterozoic, and Neoarchaean data are consistent with an Avalonian-Cadomian Arc and West African Craton derivation. The Early Cambrian sediments were locally reworked by a thermal event in the Ordovician resulting in leucocratic banding and recorded in Ordovician zircon rims characterised by systematically lower Th/U ratios. Ptygmatically folded leucocratic bands containing Ordovician zircon rims, associated with low Th/U ratios, are further observed in the granite gneiss core of the Erzgebirge. Variscan ages are rare, except in a fine-grained high-pressure micaschist, which contains exclusively small, structure-less, zircon with a weighted mean age of 350 ± 2 Ma. These data, along with a re-evaluation of previously published data, have been interpreted as the product of flattening subduction during the Early Cambrian; followed by the opening of slab windows in the Late Cambrian; and finally delamination in the Early Ordovician. Delamination of the orphaned slab led to asthenospheric upwellings triggering extension, bimodal magmatic pulses, recycling of fertile crust, high-temperature metamorphism, and cratonisation of relatively young crust.