GNSS自适应抗干扰软件研发平台

介绍了我们研制的全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）自适应抗干扰软件研发平台的组成与功能。自适应抗干扰平台主要由数据源单元,抗干扰算法单元,软件接收机单元,定位结果显示单元组成。该平台可用于各种GPS抗干扰算法的验证与比较。该平台目前是基于GPS来开发的,将来也可以用于其它卫星导航系统抗干扰算法的研制。     

面向低成本车载IMU的安装姿态估计

车载IMU相对于车体的安装姿态信息是应用车辆非完整约束的必需条件,而车辆非完整约束可以有效解决GNSS信号长时间中断的情形下低成本INS+GNSS组合导航系统精度降低的问题。本文针对车载场景下的低成本消费级IMU,基于卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波提出了一种估计IMU安装姿态的算法。该算法无需限制IMU相对于车体的姿态为小角度;随后,基于仿真平台对低成本消费级IMU进行建模,利用生成的若干组不同安装姿态的IMU数据对算法进行验证;最后进行车载测试。仿真结果和车载测试结果都表明,该算法可以准确地估计IMU相对于车体的安装姿态,对于低成本INS+GNSS组合导航系统精度的提高具有实际意义。     

弹道导弹的GNSS/SST/SINS组合导航系统研究

提出一种组合导航方案，该方案在硬件上采用全捷联的结构，在算法上将捷联星光跟踪仪（strapdown startracker，SST）的姿态信息，高动态GNSS的位置、速度信息与捷联惯导进行组合滤波，全面提高导航精度。设计并实现了弹道导弹GNSS／SST／SINS组合导航系统实时仿真平台，仿真结果表明了该组合方案的稳定、可靠性。     

非完整约束的OD/SINS自适应组合导航方法

在地面车载组合导航GNSS/OD/SINS中,全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）信号容易受到环境的干扰甚至发生中断,将非完整性约束（NHC）应用于里程计（OD）/捷联惯性导航系统（SINS）组合,可以有效抑制GNSS信号中断期间组合导航系统的误差发散。通常NHC的噪声设定基于固定的经验值,然而在实际运动过程中,车辆运行轨迹复杂多变,其运动状态不能完全满足NHC前提假设,经验给定的噪声无法准确反映车辆实际运动情况。为此,本文分析了NHC噪声与车辆运动状态的关系,构建了一种基于车辆运动状态的NHC噪声自适应方法。通过所选场景的实测数据验证表明：采用噪声自适应的NHC/OD/SINS组合导航结果相比于固定噪声的NHC/OD/SINS组合,在GNSS信号中断110 s、车辆连续转弯的情况下,最大水平位置误差减小了68.4%;在GNSS信号中断74 s、车辆直线行驶的情况下,最大水平位置误差减小了87.3%;能较好地抑制GNSS中断期间组合导航系统的误差发散。     

一种GNSS/视觉观测紧组合导航定位算法研究

全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)在弱信号环境下,GNSS信号易受到遮挡或者电磁干扰,严重影响导航定位的可靠性、连续性和精度. 针对此问题,本文作者研究了一种GNSS和视觉观测紧组合导航定位方法. 首先基于相机采集图像数据,利用ORB-SLAM2开源平台求解得到视觉位置结果增量,再联合GNSS伪距观测数据采用卡尔曼滤波(KF)进行组合定位解算. 采用实测的GNSS伪距观测数据和图像数据进行测试,试验结果表明:该算法不仅能有效地提升GNSS弱信号环境下导航定位的连续性和精度,还能在卫星数少于4颗时保持持续导航定位.      

基于预积分的IMU/ODO外参估计

里程计通常被用于辅助车载GNSS/INS组合导航系统,以解决当遇到高楼、密林、隧道等信号干扰和遮蔽严重情景时导致精度下降的问题,而里程计辅助需要获取准确的里程计杆臂和安装角。鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于预积分的IMU/ODO外参估计算法,使用由里程计观测和GNSS/INS组合导航解算得到的一段时间内的里程增量差异构建代价函数,通过非线性优化器进行标定参数求解。仿真与实际测试均表明了本文标定方法的有效性,里程计观测在经过标定外参补偿后,可为车载GNSS/INS组合导航系统提供厘米级的精度辅助。     

网格化GNSS弱干扰源定位方法

介绍了网格化全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)弱干扰源定位的系统组成,针对该场景下现有方法对信噪比低的情况适应能力较差的问题,提出了一种基于信号噪声分离的差方均值函数拟合(MFDSS)的网格化GNSS弱干扰源定位方法,方法采用MFDSS方法实现时差估计,并利用Chan双曲线定位算法解算干扰源位置.文章对比仿真了该方法和常用网格化定位方法的定位效果,在对GNSS弱干扰源定位的场景下,该方法表现出优越性能.      

GNSS PPP海洋平台动态变形监测分析北大核心CSCD

实时监测海洋平台在环境激励下的动态变形对于保障其安全运营有着重要意义。GNSS PPP技术无需设置基站,仅依靠单点监测站便可实现精密单点定位,因而在海洋平台变形监测领域具有潜在的应用价值。针对GNSS PPP信号受背景噪声干扰而精度较低的问题,本文提出改进CEEMDAN算法对GNSS PPP信号降噪,并应用于某海洋平台动态变形监测。结果表明:①GNSS PPP技术结合改进CEEMDAN算法可有效监测海洋平台在环境激励下的动态变形;②改进CEEMDAN可有效去除GNSS PPP背景噪声干扰;③基于降噪后信号可获取监测点清晰的三维位移轨迹,从而为结构安全评估提供参考。     

发射信号不完善性对卫星导航系统内及系统间干扰的影响分析

研究了3种典型的卫星发射信号不完善性——载波泄漏、互调失真和杂散辐射对于卫星导航信号的接收所带来的干扰,通过信号建模以及谱分离系数、码跟踪谱灵敏度系数和等效载噪比的解析计算对干扰效果进行量化分析;针对GPS和Galileo系统L1/E1频段的信号进行了多层次的仿真计算,给出了综合考虑噪声、信号损耗、外源干扰、GNSS系统内和系统间干扰,以及3种信号不完善性单独作用、两两组合和综合作用下的结果,其中对于GPS L1C/A短码考虑了电文调制对线谱的影响。结果表明,当总的不完善干扰功率水平达到一定程度后,其对接收机信号捕获跟踪和解调的影响大于系统间干扰,不能忽略。     

LightSquared effects on estimated C/N 0, pseudoranges and positions

We present experimental results showing the impact of the proposed LightSquared (LS) Long-term Evolution (LTE) signals on both GPS and Galileo civil modulations in the L1/E1 band. The experiments were conducted in radiated mode in a large anechoic chamber. Three Galileo enabled receivers were chosen for the tests, and a state of the art GNSS signal generator was used to simulate both GPS and Galileo signals. The LTE signals were generated by an Agilent Programmable Signal Generator with a license to generate the signals according to the 3GPP LTE FDD standard. The interference impact was measured in terms of a Carrier-to-Noise power spectral density ratio (C/N ₀) degradation, in accordance with the methodology which the LS/GPS Technical Working Group (TWG) established by mandate of the FCC. A model for determining the impact of the LS signal on the considered GNSS signals is provided and is validated against experimental data. It is shown that the Galileo E1 Open Service (OS) signal is marginally more susceptible to this form of interference than the GPS L1 C/A signal due to its greater proximity to the lower edge of the L1 band. The impact of LS interference was further analyzed in terms of pseudorange and position errors. Despite its relevance for most GNSS users, this aspect was not considered by the TWG. Measurement and position domain analysis along with the study of the LS impact on the Galileo OS signals are the major contributions. The analysis confirms the results obtained by the TWG and shows that the receiver front-end plays a major role in protecting GNSS signals against RF interference. While it appears that, for now, the LS network will not be deployed, the approach taken and the results obtained herein can be readily adapted for any future terrestrial mobile network that may take the place of LS.     

基于抗差EKF的GNSS/INS紧组合算法研究

提出了GNSS/INS紧组合导航的抗差EKF算法,采用21状态GNSS/INS紧组合状态方程,根据多余观测分量及预测残差统计构造抗差等价增益矩阵,建立抗差EKF算法,通过迭代给出GNSS/INS组合导航的抗差解,并开发GNSS/INS紧组合导航模拟平台,通过对观测值加入单粗差、多粗差及缓慢增长三类误差,测试本文算法对不同粗差的抑制能力。分析表明,抗差EKF可以将三类粗差抑制在相应观测值的残差中,达到削弱其对状态参数估计的影响。本文算例证明,抗差EKF算法可将导航解的误差精度从dm级提高为cm级甚至mm级,导航精度及可靠性得到明显提高。     

北斗三号B1频点信号软模拟源设计

通过对全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)完整信号流程的精密仿真,建立合理的卫星信号数学模型,产生多种环境下的中频信号,能够为GNSS服务性能评估提供良好的仿真和测试平台,对导航信号各层结构模块化处理并优化算法.?导航电文模块结合轨道仿真软件外推轨道参数,保证了电文参数的真实有效性.?数据采用分段产生信号再校验叠加的方式,保证...     

基于六旋翼无人机平台的GNSS干扰源测向与定位系统设计与实现

目前,基于无人飞行器的导航干扰源探测方面的研究主要集中在理论研究与仿真实现阶段[1],文中设计了一种基于六旋翼无人机平台的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)干扰源测向与定位系统, 并在某飞行场区进行了干扰源定位精度的测试. 该系统主要由六旋翼无人飞行器、干扰源监测测向载荷以及地面站组成. 系统试制完成后,选定开阔环境,通过设置干扰源发射不同的调制方式、不同发射功率的干扰信号,以此来验证干扰源的定位精度.      

Modified compressive sensing approach for GNSS signal reception in the presence of interference

Pre-processing traditional navigation signals in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers includes the conversion of an analog-to-digital sample and acquisition following the basic principle of Nyquist sampling theory. This condition inevitably increases the system computation time and cost of a modern wideband receiver. In recent years, the compressive sensing (CS) approach has been proven to effectively reduce the number of measurement samples required for digital signal acquisition systems. This method gives new potential to this modern design. In this study, a modified compressive sensing algorithm for the acquisition of a GNSS signal that is contaminated by an interfering signal is presented. The proposed method attempts to combine CS demodulation and the subspace projecting method to enhance GNSS signal acquisition performance with interference present. First, the received signal is sub-sampled and aliased from a compressive sampling process. This operation maintains the restricted isometry property (RIP) condition of the second sampling process using a Toeplitz-structured sensing matrix, which replaces a conventional random sensing matrix. The matrix ensures that distances between desired signals on the set of sparse space are not influenced by the sampling process. Next, the interference is eliminated through the orthogonal feature between the interference signal and the desired signal using the subspace projecting method. This also preserves the RIP of the projecting matrix to ensure that the original structure of the linear projection of the signal is preserved. After this, an iterative least-square method is utilized to recover the correlator output from the reception samples taken by the CS demodulator. In addition, the signal detection performance in the presence of co-channel interference using a CS demodulator is analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the relationships between signal detection probability, compressive factor and signal bandwidth are also illustrated. Several numerical results are presented to verify the theory.     

全球导航卫星系统复杂电磁环境监测分析方法

针对全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）受电磁环境影响的问题,分析了影响GNSS复杂电磁环境的主要组成要素,研究了GNSS复杂电磁环境一体化监测分析的方法,并对其中的关键技术进行了分析,并提出了未来GNSS复杂电磁环境监测保障系统的建设和建议。     

GNSS调零抗干扰天线的反欺骗性能分析

为分析全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)中存在欺骗干扰的场景下调零抗干扰天线的反欺骗性能,推导出在快拍数有限的情况下,功率倒置(PI)算法利用调零天线处理后输出真实信号和欺骗信号功率的理论公式. 详细分析了欺骗信号到达天线阵口面的功率对真实信号和欺骗信号输出功率的影响,通过欺骗抑制比这一指标来衡量PI自适应调零天线的反欺骗性能. 分析得出:即使欺骗信号功率在噪声水平之下,使用PI算法的自适应调零抗干扰接收机依然能对欺骗干扰进行抑制,在欺骗信噪比高时,抑制效果更加明显. 最后通过仿真和硬件平台实测验证了结论的正确性.      

Modeling and verifying the impact of time delay on INS-aided GNSS PLLs

The timing error between global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and inertial navigation system (INS) processes limits the integration performance in GNSS/INS integrated systems. In a deeply coupled system, this timing error affects not only the integrated navigation solution, but also the GNSS signal tracking. We propose a time-domain model of INS-aided second-order phase-locked loops (PLLs) in consideration of the INS aiding delay, and analyze the effect of INS aiding delay on the tracking errors in details. In addition, an integrated hardware deeply coupled system platform was developed to verify the impact of time delay on INS-aided PLLs. Simulation and field vehicles testing results demonstrate that the tracking error of the INS-aided PLL caused by aiding delay increases with the lengthening of the delay time, the compression of the bandwidth, and the increase in the acceleration. Testing results verify the proposed model.     

利用GNSS干涉信号振荡幅度反演土壤湿度

根据干涉效应和GNSS接收机信噪比估计方法,推导了利用GNSS干涉信号幅度进行土壤湿度反演的模型,建模过程考虑了天线增益、土壤介电常数和噪声的影响。提出了使用AMPD算法从含有噪声的归一化干涉功率曲线中提取干涉峰值与谷值,进而反演了土壤介电常数与土壤湿度的方法,并对其进行了仿真。结果表明,利用提取出来的干涉谷值进行反演性能比峰值好,相对稳定准确的卫星仰角范围为5°~25°,湿度大于0.06cm~3/cm~3时反演结果更为准确,标准差在0.01cm~3/cm~3左右波动。     

基于牛顿迭代法的GNSS欺骗干扰参数估计

欺骗干扰是全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)发展面临的重要挑战,针对小时延场景下欺骗干扰参数估计方法计算量大的问题,提出了一种基于牛顿迭代法的参数估计方法. 该方法以码相位估计为核心,通过构建欺骗场景下信号参数的非线性估计模型,采用牛顿迭代法对信号码相位进行估计,在此基础上采用最小二乘法对信号幅度和载波相位进行估计. 实验结果表明:该方法的平均迭代次数在10次左右,相比于传统参数估计方法,算法有效性大幅提升. 在准确性方面,该方法能够有效提高小时延场景下的信号参数估计精度.      

GNSS电离层TEC和闪烁接收机监测

GAMIT／GLOBK是全球应用最广泛的高精度GPS数据处理软件之一,不仅在高精度定位方面得到应用,而且在全球地壳板块运动监测、电离层监测和GPS气象学等领域也得到广泛应用。本文介绍了在Windows7系统下实现Ubunru Kylin16.04桌面版系统的安装,并在Ubuntu Kylin系统平台下安装、更新最新版GAMIT／GLOBK10.60,并利用中国及其周边IGS站观测数据进行基线解算和网平差,验证了软件安装的正确性。