羌塘盆地两个湖地区闪长片麻岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年及地球化学特征研究

首次对羌塘盆地中央隆起带两个湖闪长片麻岩体进行系统的年代学与地球化学研究,以便确定其形成时代及成因。研究表明,两个湖闪长片麻岩体由闪长岩、辉长闪长岩组成,锆石呈长柱状自型—半自型晶,普遍发育有很窄的振荡生长环带,具有岩浆锆石的特征,三件闪长片麻岩中锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果分别为220.48±0.49Ma、217.9±0.51Ma和219.98±0.49Ma,平均值为219.45±0.50Ma,表明岩体的形成时代为晚三叠世卡尼期。岩石的SiO2、MgO和Al2O3含量分别介于55.17%~58.61%、1.71%~2.74%和20.18%~21.43%之间,且以高Mg#值(0.38~0.53)和富Na(Na2O/K2O=1.17~7.38)为特征;强烈富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素、明显亏损高场强元素,铕无异常或弱负异常,(87Sr/86Sr)t值和εNd(t)值分别变化于0.70868~0.71024和-3.4~-2.8之间,结合铅同位素特征,认为该岩体的岩浆源区应为遭受了强烈的陆壳物质改造的岩石圈地幔。     

张广才岭张家湾岩体地球化学特征及岩石成因

张广才岭岩体的地质学、岩相学、全岩主量和微量以及锆石U-Pb测年结果显示：张家湾岩体主要岩性为石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩,不同岩石类型之间呈侵入接触关系。岩石富硅富铝,为准铝质—弱过铝质岩石,全碱（Na2O+K2O）质量分数为4.46%～8.66%,主要为高钾钙碱性系列高分异I型花岗岩。稀土和微量元素组成上,均富集LREE、Rb、Th、U、K,相对亏损Ba、Nb、P、Ti,δEu从无异常到中等程度负异常。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄加权平均年龄显示张家湾岩体形成于早侏罗世（石英闪长岩（176.4±2.4） Ma、花岗闪长岩（176.4±2.4）Ma、二长花岗岩（174.7±1.6）Ma)。综合分析主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素以及Sr同位素,均指示该岩体的岩浆主题来源于从亏损地幔中增生的基性下地壳物质。     

江南造山带东部旌德高Sr/Y花岗闪长岩的形成机制及其构造意义

旌德岩体是江南造山带东部一个典型的高Sr/Y岩体。锆石的原位U-Pb定年表明,该岩体侵位于141±1Ma。岩体由花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。岩体中黑云母为镁质黑云母。斜长石为奥长石、中长石。全岩地球化学表明,高的SiO2（66.01% ~ 70.87%）,Al2O3（14.91% ~16.24%）,全碱（K2O+Na2O = 6.64% ~ 8.01%）,K2O/Na2O变化范围在0.78～1.04,Sr（189×10-6 ~ 452×10-6）,和LREE;低的HREE和HFSE含量,Eu有轻微的负异常到弱的正异常（δEu＝0.81~1.18）。岩体具有高的Sr/Y（23 ~ 66）值和(La/Yb)N（13 ~ 58）值,且MgO、Cr、Ni含量较低。相对较高的εNd(t)＝‒12.92~‒6.28,二阶段模式年龄 tDM2 = 1.4~1.9Ga,岩体中发育有岩浆混合成因的暗色包体,指示有幔源岩浆参与。交代的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,岩浆底侵到壳幔过渡带附近,导致下地壳发生部分熔融形成了旌德岩体,且发生了岩浆混合作用。     

鲁西地区闪长质岩石的成因:年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素的证据

本文对鲁西地区金牛山岩体和金星头岩体中生代闪长质岩石进行了详细的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素以及锆石Lu-Hf同位素的研究,旨在厘定闪长质岩石的形成时代、岩浆源区及岩石成因。结果表明,金牛山辉石闪长玢岩及斑状闪长岩中岩浆锆石的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄分别为130 Ma和126 Ma,形成于早白垩世。金牛山岩体闪长质岩石具有较高的MgO含量（4.35%~6.78%）、高的Mg^#值（56~70）以及高的Cr、Ni含量,金牛山岩体中的辉石闪长玢岩I_Sr值为0.707 519,ε_Nd（t）值为-15.67,ε_Hf（t）值在-21.6~-15.9之间。金星头岩体闪长质岩石SiO₂含量为54.02%~65.02%,Al₂O₃含量在16.00%~17.61%之间,MgO含量（1.11%~2.68%）和Mg#值（37~46）较低,高Sr/Y比值（29~136）,具有埃达克质岩特征。研究表明,金牛山岩体闪长质岩石是古老下地壳再重熔并混染富集地幔部分熔融产物的结果;金星头岩体闪长质岩石为地幔源区的岩浆在上升侵位过程中被陆壳物质同化混染形成的埃达克质岩。受古太平洋板块向亚欧板块俯冲的影响,金牛山岩体和金星头岩体闪长质岩石形成于伸展的构造环境。     

松潘－甘孜南部玛孜措石英闪长岩的地球 化学特征、同位素年龄及其构造意义

玛孜措石英闪长岩体位于松潘 甘孜地体南部的甘孜地体内,地处鲜水河断裂带西南侧。岩体具高钾（3.53%~3.86%）、富钙（4.91%~6.07%）、贫铝（14.60%~15.24%）,铝饱和指数（A/CNK=0.80~0.89）偏低的特征,岩石稀土总量较低,轻稀土中度富集,δEu介于0.46~0.53之间,Eu中度亏损,岩石（87Sr/86Sr）i比值介于0.707407~0.707640,表明岩浆起源于壳 幔混熔或下地壳物质的部分熔融,属下地壳重熔的I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列。在微量元素构造环境判别图上,样品都落在岛弧区,反映了石英闪长岩具有与岛弧型花岗岩相似的地球化学性质。岩体具较高的Rb（60.1×10-6~85.9×10-6）、Cs（4.01×10-6~19.62×10-6）含量和K2O/Na2O比值（1.31~1.82）,反映源区可能与黑云母的脱水熔融有关。玛孜措石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄为221±2.0 Ma（MSWD=1.4）,显示岩体侵位时代为晚三叠世;而全岩Rb Sr等时线年龄为207.0±2.0 Ma（R=0.9979）,显示岩体就位时代为晚三叠世晚期。玛孜措岩体形成于晚三叠世弧后构造环境,是幔源岩浆的底侵作用导致壳-幔混熔的产物。     

太行山南段平顺杂岩体成因:岩石学、年代学和地球化学证据

太行山南段平顺杂岩体主要由橄榄角闪辉长岩,角闪辉长-闪长岩和闪长岩组成,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年显示,橄榄角闪辉长岩体和闪长岩体年龄分别为123.4±1.7 Ma和125.3±2.3 Ma,说明岩体形成于早白垩世。平顺杂岩体SiO2含量介于42.82%~63.54%之间,以高Mg#,富Na,高Sr、Cr、Ni,以及富集LILE、LREE,亏损HFSE、HREE为特点,并具有相对低的87Sr/86Sr初始比值和明显偏低的εNd(125 Ma)值,表明岩浆具有壳幔双重属性。结合辉长岩中地幔包体已有的研究成果,认为辉长岩是由富硅流体交代的亏损地幔橄榄岩经低程度部分熔融形成;高Mg闪长岩起源于下地壳部分熔融,并与一定规模的幔源岩浆发生混合;角闪辉长-闪长岩形成于辉长质岩浆与高Mg闪长质岩浆的混合作用。     

藏南冈底斯南缘程巴岩体高Sr/Y花岗闪长岩和包体形成机制及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约

程巴岩体位于藏南冈底斯岩基东段南缘,由花岗闪长岩、细粒闪长质包体等组成。测得的锆石U-Pb年龄可以代表岩石的形成年龄,即花岗闪长岩形成年龄为29.40±0.18Ma与29.42±0.25Ma,细粒闪长质捕虏体形成年龄为30.02±0.15Ma。花岗闪长岩具有较高的Si O2(65.2%~66.2%)、K2O(3.2%~4.0%),较低的铁(TFe O=3.2%~4.0%)和Mg O(约2%),同时具有高Sr(774×10-6~813×10-6)、低Y(9.9×10-6~11.2×10-6)、高Sr/Y值(63.4~82.2)等特征;闪长质包体表现出较低的Si O2(53%~56.1%)和K2O(1.5%~3.2%),较高的铁(TFe O=6.1%~8.1%)、Mg O(4.0%~6.2%)和Na2O/K2O≥2,同时具有负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.432~0.804)。2种岩性都富集LREE及LILE,亏损HREE及HFSE,具有较高且一致的εHf(t)值(+1.1~+6.2)和全岩εNd(t)值(-2.9~-5.9)。以上数据表明,花岗闪长岩与细粒闪长质包体由同一岩浆分离结晶形成,花岗闪长岩经历磷灰石和角闪石的分离结晶,其高Sr/Y值为岩浆分离结晶的结果,并不代表原始岩浆组分。     

中祁连党河南山碱性系列岩浆岩埃达克岩成因及其对俯冲带壳幔相互作用的启示

碱性系列岩浆岩和埃达克岩是通常产生于汇聚板块边缘的特殊岩石类型,记录了俯冲物质与地幔橄榄岩相互作用的过程。笔者对中祁连南缘党河南山地区贾公台杂岩体和鸡叫沟岩体进行了岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,鸡叫沟岩体中的二长闪长岩形成于（467±4.7）Ma,贾公台岩体花岗闪长岩形成于（445±4.3）Ma。地球化学分析结果表明,鸡叫沟杂岩体中角闪辉石岩、辉长岩和二长闪长岩整体上具有富K、富Na的特征,均属于碱性系列岩浆岩,具有钾玄岩特征;岩体中不同岩石类型具有相似的微量元素配分型式,富集Sr、Nb、LILE和LREE等,岩浆源区存在金红石残留,其形成过程与弧地幔楔底部富碱的俯冲沉积物和地幔橄榄岩混合、熔融有关。贾公台花岗闪长岩属于中钾钙碱性系列,Na2O/K2O值大于2.5,样品具有高Sr（>400×10-6）、低Y（<7×10-6）的特征,高Sr/Y值（>70）和La/Yb值（>22）具有高硅埃达克岩特征,与俯冲洋壳的榴辉岩相部分熔融有关,源区存在石榴子石残留特征。党河南山碱性岩浆岩-埃达克岩组合指示了俯冲物质深部熔融的特点（大于50~100 km）,揭示了该地区强烈的壳幔相互作用过程,表明俯冲沉积物和俯冲洋壳可以为弧岩浆侵入体形成提供直接的物质来源,进一步说明俯冲物质和地幔橄榄岩相互作用可能是岛弧地壳生长的方式之一。     

内蒙古狼山地区早石炭世角闪辉长岩、花岗闪长岩的岩石成因及构造意义

内蒙古狼山山脉西侧分布有大面积的晚古生代岩浆岩,时代集中在早石炭世—晚二叠世,早石炭世角闪辉长岩、花岗闪长岩体出露于潮格温都尔镇西侧。角闪辉长岩体呈岩滴状产出,被花岗闪长岩体侵入,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄显示,角闪辉长岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为329.0±2.3 Ma,花岗闪长岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为331.1±0.9 Ma~330.0±4.2 Ma。花岗闪长岩暗色矿物以角闪石为主,富钠(Na2O=3.48%~4.46%),高钠钾比值(Na2O/K2O=1.03~2.39),钙碱性系列,P2O5-SiO_2之间存在较好的负相关性,岩石地球化学特征具Ⅰ型花岗岩的特点。Hf同位素及元素地球化学特征指示了角闪辉长岩及花岗闪长岩均来自于受地壳混染的亏损地幔,为同源岩浆演化的产物。角闪辉长岩及花岗闪长岩稀土元素配分型式一致,均为轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,具弱的负Eu异常;角闪辉长岩富集Ba、Sr,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf;花岗闪长岩富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Pb、Sr,不同程度地亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,总体反映了岩浆弧的地球化学特征。结合区域地质背景,早石炭世狼山地区侵入岩岩石组合为角闪辉长岩(闪长岩)+石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩,认为狼山地区早石炭世处于大陆边缘弧构造背景。     

皖东苏家湾地区三里陈岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究

三里陈岩体位于长江中下游成矿带滁县-庐江铜金成矿亚带中部,岩性主要为闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年测得闪长岩年龄为126.9±1.8Ma,花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为126.0±1.0Ma,两者均为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。闪长岩中存在的大量继承锆石的年龄分布在2.5~1.9Ga之间,峰值为2.0Ga,暗示其岩浆源区主要为华南板块,可能混有华北板块源区的物质。结合滁县-庐江铜金成矿亚带成岩时代及矿化特征,发现三里陈岩体与铜金矿床（点）成矿岩体的形成时代相近,岩性一致,与围岩接触带发育的蚀变和矿化特征相似,认为这些侵入岩体均为同一构造-岩浆-成矿事件的产物,三里陈岩体及其外围地区具有寻找一定规模矽卡岩型铜金矿床的潜力。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

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