蒙其古尔地区水文地球化学特征与铀成矿关系

介绍了蒙其古尔地区水动力条件及水文地球化学条件,运用铀水文地球化学理论,分析了铀在水中存在形式.按不同水质类型将该区地下水划分为4个带.利用水成铀矿理论对水文地球化学条件进行分析,为寻找层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿提供了水文地球化学依据.     

水文地球化学研究现状与进展

1938年,“水文地球化学”术语提出,至今水文地球化学作为一门独立的学科得到长足的发展,其服务领域不断扩大。当今水文地球化学研究的理论已经广泛地应用在油田水、海洋水、地热水、地下水质与地方病以及地下水微生物等诸多领域的研究。其研究方法也日臻完善。随着化学热力学和化学动力学及同位素方法的深入研究,以及人类开发资源和保护生态的需要,水文地球化学必将在多学科的交叉和渗透中拓展研究领域,并在基础理论及定量化研究方面取得新的进展。     

伯特兰德定律和温伯格原理及推广

将温伯格原理和伯特兰德定律推广到水文地质单元内不同水文地球化学区，在元素被溶（淋）滤，强烈迁移的水文地球化学区段造成某些元素缺乏，生物生理负效应与元素质量浓度成负相关关系，在元素聚（富）集，溶滤，蒸发浓缩水文地球化学环境区，以及某些元素污染环境造成过量，生物生理负效应与元素质量浓度成正相关关系，在此两者之间为元素质量浓度适宜区，根据山西离柳水文地质单元内研究获得：在元素淋滤，流失水文地球化学区水（土）中缺Se,I,F引起的KBD，IDD，龋齿病证实，其患病率与相应元素质量浓度成负相关关系，在聚（富0集，溶淋区因水（土）中F过量而患的地氟病，患病率与F质量浓度正相关关系。     

Geochemistry’s vital contribution to solving water resource problems

As part of the events celebrating 40 a of IAGC, it is fitting to trace the modern evolution and development of hydrogeochemistry. However, fascination with water quality can be traced back more than 2 ka. In the post-war years, hydrogeochemistry was influenced heavily by the advances in other disciplines including physical chemistry, metallurgy and oceanography. Hydrological applications of isotope science also developed rapidly at this time, and important advances in analytical chemistry allowed multi-element and trace element applications to be made. Experimental studies on equilibrium processes and reaction kinetics allowed bench-scale insight into water–rock interaction. Consolidation of knowledge on processes in groundwaters and the current awareness of hydrogeochemistry by water professionals owe much to the work of Robert Garrels, John Hem, and co-workers in the early 1960s. Studies of down-gradient evolution enabled a field-scale understanding of groundwater quality and geochemical processes as a function of residence time (dissolution and precipitation processes in carbonate and non-carbonate aquifers; redox processes; cation exchange and salinity origins).     

国道213线五指山隧址区水文地球化学特征研究

运用水文地球化学方法对国道213线五指山隧道进行研究。涌水起源和地下水循环特征等方面的研究。结果表明:国道213线五指山隧道涌水属于深循环地下水,进口段隧道涌水主要来自于砂页岩含水层,而隧道出口段涌水化学组成则受控于石膏矿物的溶解;硫、氧同位素组成分析证实五指山隧道主要涌水带均与浅表地下水的直接下渗有关。此研究成果为隧道涌突水的预防和治理提供了理论依据。     

从水文地球化学角度研究鄂尔多斯盆地南区白垩系地下水的排泄途径

主要从水文地球化学的角度,以鄂尔多斯盆地白于山以南地区白垩系地下水的水化学水平分带和地表水基流水化学特征为主要依据,结合地质构造格局及岩相古地理条件,分析研究了该区白垩系地下水的补、径、排条件。认为该区白垩系地下水水化学场存在一个由东、北、西南向中部的水平分带,愈向盆地中部水质愈复杂、TDS愈高。马莲河基流水质的沿途变化规律反映出其接受东西两侧地下水的补给。说明鄂尔多斯盆地南区的东部地区和西南部地区为地下水补给区,而中心地带为地下水排泄区,最终经马莲河排出区外。天环向斜轴部和马莲河谷是南区汇集东西两侧地下水的排泄通道。     

鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系地下水循环特征的水化学证据——以查布水源地为例

从水化学角度出发,利用查布水源地水化学水平及垂向分布特征,分析了查布水源地地下水的循环规律。结果表明:从水源地地下水水化学空间分布规律及从东西部水化学演化规律对比特征来看,水源地地下水在东部边界接受补给,地下水从东向西径流,在西边界排出区外。从水化学成分的垂向变化特征得出:包乐浩晓苏木以东的地下水从上向下径流,包乐浩晓苏木以西的地下水从下向上径流,地下水由中深层向上顶托补给浅层地下水。水源地地下水浅循环与中循环的分界线在埋深150～200 m之间;中循环和深循环的分界线在埋深600 m左右。     

靖边地区白垩系洛河组地下水水文地球化学模拟

以鄂尔多斯盆地中部靖边地区白垩系洛河组为例进行水文地球化学模拟,对开展靖边地区水化学演化规律研究,对保证当地经济的可持续发展、缓解水资源短缺矛盾、保护水资源与水环境等具有重要意义。     

矿井水害水源的水文地球化学探测技术

水文地球化学探测技术在判断矿井突水水源方面具有快速、及时、经济方便等特点。结合典型实例,介绍了特征离子和离子比值法、水质分析结合同位素综合分析法、水化学示踪法、数学判别模型法探测技术及其在矿井水害水源判别中的应用,为矿井水水源探查提供了参考依据。      

深圳市东湖矿泉水形成机理探讨

深圳市东湖矿泉水是自然界十分稀少的锶—锌—偏硅酸碳酸复合型矿泉水，通过对矿泉水赋存地的地质与水文地质条件的分析，并结合其水文地球化学特征，认为东湖矿泉水形成的主要控制性因素是构造作用和变质作用；在特定的水文地质条件下，深部碳酸盐类岩石受热硅化变质而产生大量CO2气体，使得各种化学元素在含有大量CO2的地下水的溶滤作用下不断迁移和富集而形成该区地下水中良好的元素组合。在其特征成分中，偏硅酸来自裂隙渗透水的溶滤和岩浆期后热液水的作用，微量元素锶主要来源于钾长石、钙长石，锌则主要来自岩浆活动以及岩脉中的黑云母、角闪石、辉石等铁镁硅酸盐矿物；并认为目前矿泉水含水层仍处于良好的地质环境保护下。     

对现有地下水化学分类的几点认识

本文讨论了地下水化学分类的现状，归纳了现有地下水化学分类的优、缺点，并根据水分析、水化学、水文地球化学和实践中出现的一些问题，对地下水化学分类提出一些新的认识，为提出新的地下水化学分类提供依据。     

Hydrodynamical changes and their consequences on groundwater hydrochemistry induced by three decades of intense exploitation in a Mediterranean Karst system

The Lez karst spring, located in the Mediterranean basin (southern France) supplies drinking water to the metropolitan area of Montpellier (France) since the nineteenth century. Since 1981, an intense pumping is being performed directly in the main conduit with a maximum exploitation flow rate of about 1,700 l/s. To improve the understanding of groundwater origins and circulation dynamic in this karst system, as well as the impact of three decades of intense water exploitation, groundwater samples have been collected during various hydrologic conditions since March 2006. A previous hydrochemical study on the Lez karst system had been carried out before the installation of the pumping plant. This dataset was compared to the present one to identify possible changes on groundwater hydrochemistry. The results of this analysis indicate the existence of historical changes in water hydrogeochemistry and evidence a decrease of the deep compartment participation to the Lez spring outflow. This change in spring water hydrogeochemistry may be attributed to the intense pumping of the karst system and, in the absence of noticeable climatic changes, expresses the direct consequences of anthropogenic forcing on the overall functioning of the aquifer. This study aims to analyze the differences, to understand the water chemistry changes and to better foresee the aquifer evolution for the future.     

潮水盆地铀成矿水文地质条件分析

在系统分析潮水盆地自然地理及地质背景的基础上,通过对前人工作成果的总结和野外现场调查,对盆地水文地质条件,包括地下水类型、地下水动力特征、水源点水文地质属性及水文地球化学特性进行了分析,并得到了对潮水盆地铀成矿水文地质条件的认识.     

新疆准噶尔盆地北部天然水的同位素研究及其应用

在对新疆准噶尔盆地北部天然水H、O同位素进行系统调查中运用同位素水文地球化学基本原理对该区不同水源类型的同位素组成进行了分析研究 ,确定了大气降水线方程和大气降水同位素高程效应 ,并对同位素蒸发效应、纬度效应和地下水形成年龄进行了探讨。这些研究成果对于阐明该区赋存铀资源的第三系砂岩含矿含水层中地下水补给来源、补给区高程和形成年龄以及论证铀成矿规律具有重要现实意义。     

The relationship of Kaschin-Beck and Keshan diseases with hydrogeochemistry

This article is based on the distribution of Kaschin-Beck and Keshan diseases, shows the close relationship between the diseases and hydrogeochemistry, successively demonstrates the principled opinion of the pathogeny, and finally discusses their basic control from a hydrogeological viewpoint. Regarding the hydrogeochemical features of Kaschin-Beck and Keshan Diseases, two hydrogeological types can be differentiated: (1) Related to acidic magmatic rocks; (2) Related to oil-bearing formations. The pathogenic groundwater in these areas has its own water qualities which distinguish it from normal fresh water. According to the common chemical properties of the water of the two types in disease areas and based on some foreign environmental medical reports, it is concluded that the principle pathogenic factor is the richer trace elements and low hardness (or calcium) water. Hydrogeologically, there are two ways to control Kaschin-Beck and Keshan diseases: one is to improve the water quality; the other is to change the water source.     

Assessing the hydrogeochemistry and water quality of the Aji-Chay River,northwest of Iran

Aji-Chay River is one of the most important surface reservoirs of northwest of Iran, because it passes through Tabriz city and discharges to Urmia Lake, one of the largest permanent salty lakes in the world. The main objectives of the present study are to evaluate its overall water quality and to explore its hydrogeochemical characteristics, including the potential contamination from heavy metals and metalloids such as Co, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr, Al and As. For this purpose, 12 water samples were collected from the main river body and its tributaries within Tabriz plain. The Piper diagram classified water samples mainly into Na–Cl and secondary into Ca–HCO₃ and mixed Ca–Mg–Cl types, denoting a profound salinization effect. The cross-plots showed that natural geochemical processes including dissolution of minerals (e.g., carbonates, evaporites and silicates), as well as ion exchange, are the predominant factors that contribute to fluvial hydrogeochemistry, while anthropogenic activities (industrial and agricultural) impose supplementary effects. Cluster analysis classified samples into two distinct clusters; samples of cluster B appear to have elevated electrical conductivity (EC) values and trace metals concentrations such as Co, Pb and Cd, while SiO₂ and Zn are low in comparison with the samples of the cluster A. The main processes controlling Aji-Chay River hydrogeochemistry and water quality were identified to be salinization and rock weathering. Both are related with geogenic sources which enrich river system with elevated values of Na⁺, Cl^?, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, SO₄ ^2? and EC as a direct effect of evaporites leaching and elevated values of Pb and Cd as an impact from the weathering process of volcanic formations. According to the US salinity diagram, all of the water samples are unsuitable for irrigation as having moderate to bad quality.     

苏克苏克地区水文地球化学条件及其对铀矿化的影响

以水成铀矿理论为指导，通过对苏克苏克地区含铀煤型氧化带矿床地质特征，控制条件分析，提出了两次水文地球化学期与成矿作用期对该矿床形成的影响。     

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in coastal phreatic aquifers of Alleppey district,Kerala

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in phreatic aquifers of Alleppey district were studied. Factor analysis has been applied to the chemical analysis data of 32 water samples collected from dug wells to extract the principal factors corresponding to the sources of variation in the hydrochemistry. 12 hydrochemical parameters were correlated and statistically examined. Varimax rotation was used to define the factor scores and percentage of variance in the hydrogeochemistry. A four-factor model is extracted and explains over 80.394% of the total groundwater quality variation. Factor-1 has high loading values of Electrical Conductivity (EC), Ca⁺⁺, and Cl⁻, and reflects the signature of saline water. Similarly strong correlation exists between F3 score and pH. The correlation coefficient matrix between EC and Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄⁻⁻ is significant. The mineralogy of coastal aquifers and the marine aerosol are playing significant role in the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater in the phreatic aquifer system.     

基于文献计量学分析水文地球化学研究进展及趋势

水文地球化学研究在可持续发展中起到重要作用,然而目前对该领域的阶段性总结分析研究还较少。本文使用文献计量学可视化分析方法,以1982年1月1日到2021年11月17日被Web of Science收录的有关水文地球化学的检索信息为基础,使用CiteSpace和 VOSviewer等软件对水文地球化学研究现状和趋势进行分析。结果表明,水文地球化学论文发文量与被引量整体呈现上升趋势,2010年以后发文数量是2010年以前发文数量的两倍,水文地球化学研究仍然具有较大的发展空间。其中,中国积极参与水文地球化学领域的研究,近几年的发文量增长幅度高于美国、德国、加拿大等发达国家,这与中国国家自然科学基金会的资助以及各个科研机构的研究分不开。通过关键词分析,1982年至2021年水文地球化学研究的主题为:地下水质量与人体健康、同位素的研究与应用、元素的迁移转化和微生物作用以及地下水-地表水水文地球化学过程。文献计量工具方法与“水岩相互作用国际学术会议”统计共同表明:不同空间尺度和环境下的水岩相互作用、同位素技术的开发与应用、生物地球化学以及地下水质量是未来水文地球化学领域的主要研究趋势。     

我国水文地质学的展望

当前我国水文地质学的发展,必须解决和国民经济建设紧密相关的一些问题,才能使水文地质学带有我国的特色并发育成长。以下问题是急需解决的,即供水、矿山排水,水化学、环境水文地质和实验工作中的一些难题、只有解决当前生产中存在的问题,水文地质学才能在我国成长起来。