海洋磁力仪拖体入水深度试验与分析

拖体入水深度是水下拖曳作业的主要参数,其取决于拖体自身重量、拖缆长度和船速。通过G882TVG海洋磁力仪阵列的拖曳试验,分析了船速、配重、拖缆长度的相互关系,导出拖体入水深度计算模型,对类似设备的拖曳参数确定具有借鉴意义。     

拖鱼起伏变化对磁力测量数据精度影响分析

由于潮汐、船速等外界因素的影响,拖鱼入水深度不断起伏变化。为了研究观测面的起伏变化对测量数据精度的影响,在某海区进行了一个试验,通过对试验数据分析,得出结论：拖鱼入水深度变化对磁力测量数据精度有较大影响,并且这种影响不能仅仅通过平差方法来消除。从物理机制角度考虑,必须通过空间改正的方法消除拖鱼变化对测量数据精度的影响。     

一种阵列式海洋磁力测量系统

基于多台海洋磁力仪、测深仪和GPS,研制了数据合成器、水下拖体、电源适配器、数据收录兼导航软件,最终构建了一种阵列式海洋磁力测量系统。该阵列式海洋磁力测量系统具备3个磁力仪通道,动态噪声≤0.3n T p-p,采样率为10Hz,水下部分总重量≤95kg,配迫降翼后入水深度可达22m。该阵列式磁力测量系统曾被应用于董家口港区某锚地的未爆炸物探测,最终确定了多个疑似物位置。     

波浪式拖管法铺设海底管道力学性能研究

海底管道铺设是海洋油气资源开发的重要环节,传统的拖管法不能很好地适应海洋深度和复杂环境的变化。针对 Acergy公司在Girassol项目中提出的一种波浪式拖管方法,对其应用于2.0 km 长海底管道铺设进行分析。首先,结合深水海洋环境特征,采用集中质量法建立管道拖航数值模型,并介绍管道、拖缆和浮筒力学计算及水动力荷载计算方法;其次,基于非线性有限元OrcaFlex软件对拖管过程建模,以模拟实际项目拖管过程;然后,通过对比相同条件下的单波式和双波式两种拖管方式,探讨管道和拖缆的动态力学性能变化;最后,针对不同浮重比、拖航速度、拖缆长度和悬垂角、海流流速和流向角等因素展开敏感性分析。结果表明：波浪式拖管法可以有效地降低施工时对拖缆的张力需求,但也会因此增加管道局部弯矩和应力响应;相对于单波式拖管,双波式拖管在缓解由于拖航速度等变化而产生的管道局部损伤效应上更有优势,并能较好地适应不同水深环境;复杂的海流工况对拖航时管道的力学性能影响十分显著,施工前应选择合适的铺设窗口期以防止管道产生损伤。     

水下拖曳升沉补偿系统水动力数学模型研究

建立变缆长的水下拖曳升沉补偿系统水动力学偏微分方程组和边界条件.拖缆动力学模型基于Ablow and Schechter模型,拖体采用水下运载体六自由度方程模拟,运用有限差分法离散偏微分方程组和牛顿迭代法计算变缆长情况下拖体深度与拖缆各点张力的动态取值.数值计算结果表明采用收放拖缆的升沉补偿方法能够有效削弱母船升沉运动对拖体深度和拖缆张力的影响.     

系统要素对深拖系统运动的影响

深拖系统为达到预定的工作深度,必须有一根足够长的拖缆支持其工作。为保证所选拖缆具有一定的经济性和可靠性,在深拖系统设计的初步阶段能通过理论分析获得各拖缆要素对深拖系统运动的影响将具有重大意义。故本文从理论研究的角度,详细考察了缆重、缆阻力系数等系统要素对深拖系统运动的影响。这一研究可以为深拖系统设计时选择合适的缆提供重要依据     

海洋可控源电磁拖曳系统运动仿真模拟研究

海洋可控源电磁拖曳系统是海洋可控源电磁勘探系统的重要组成部分,对光电复合缆和绞车的强度有着较高的要求。为了保障作业安全,避免拖缆崩断、绞车损坏等事故的发生,需要对拖曳系统所受的张力进行评估,为实际作业提供参考。本文采用拖曳系统稳态运动求解方法,模拟拖体在海水中的位置,以及放缆时绞车所受的牵引张力,模拟结果与海试实测数据能够较好地吻合。在拖缆长度一定的情况下,随着拖曳速度的增大,绞车牵引张力先减小再增大,光电复合缆长度越长这种现象越明显。     

关于变深声纳(VDS)拖缆拖体系统漂移的研究

变深声纳（ＶＤＳ）拖航中，拖缆拖体系统偏离拖船纵中剖面的现象称为漂移。本文针对为解决某变深声纳拖缆拖体系统拖航时出现的严重漂移，介绍了漂移的危害，分析了漂移产生的原因，解决漂移的方法和试验研究结果。     

水下拖曳航行器水动力和拖缆姿态仿真分析

水下拖曳航行器是被广泛应用的水下监测平台。为掌握水下拖曳航行器的水动力及其拖揽姿态,文章通过CFD仿真分析计算其零攻角下的阻力系数,并通过多刚体-球铰模型建立其运动数学模型,分析不同航速下拖曳系统的总拉力、拖缆长度和航行器位置等的参数变化。研究结果表明：随着船舶航速的变化,拖曳系统各项参数变化的差别很大;在200 m深度时,6 kn航速相比4 kn航速的总拉力增加73%,而所需的拖缆长度仅增加1%。该数学模型可对不同航速下的水下拖曳系统的总拉力和拖缆姿态等做出预测,为拖曳系统设计提供技术支撑。     

海洋测量水下拖曳设备的位置计算方法研究

针对海洋测量水下拖曳设备位置确定问题,综合考虑拖缆受力、海流影响以及水下拖体的运动性质,建立了水下拖曳设备的位置计算模型,并仿真计算分析了测量船在不同航行状态下拖曳设备位置确定的规律,探讨了不同海流效应对拖曳设备位置确定的影响。仿真计算结果表明,在海洋动态环境作用下,拖缆各方向的偏移明显呈曲线形状,非简单几何运算所确定。测船各方向的运动均可对水下拖体的位置在相应方向产生一定影响,而水下拖体位置的变化量小于测船拖点位置的变化量。海流对水下拖曳设备定位可造成数米的偏差,需进行相应改正。建议可考虑采取船载式ADCP实时测流辅助水下拖曳设备定位的工作模式。     

Towfish orientation and position estimation

The towfish location and orientation problems that arise in using side-scan sonar to detect objects on the sea bottom are treated separately. Data which locate the towfish relative to the ship are usually deteriorated by multipath receptions and other effects. In order to overcome this serious degradation in the location measurements, a modified Kalman filter is proposed. An estimate of the state transition matrix for this filter is derived, and a means of switching between two Kalman gains is suggested. The feasibility of the proposed filter is justified by a case study. Improved estimates of towfish pitch and heading measurements are obtained by a separate system employing model identification and subsequent Kalman filtering. Application of these methods to data from similar towed side-scan sonar systems should yield significant gains in object location accuracy     

Geometric distortions in side-scan sonar images: a procedure fortheir estimation and correction

A procedure is introduced for the estimation and correction of geometric distortions frequently observed in side-scan sonar images as a result of motion instabilities of the sonar towfish. This procedure estimates geometric distortions from the image itself, without requiring navigational or altitude measurements. Estimates of the local degree of geometric distortion are obtained by cross-correlating segments of adjacent lines of the image. A mathematical model for the distortions is derived from the geometry of the problem and is applied to these estimates to reconstruct the sampling pattern on the seabed, under the assumption of a planar bottom. The estimated sampling pattern is then used for resampling the image to correct the geometric distortions. The model parameters may also be used for calculating approximate estimates of the attitude parameters of the towfish. A simulation is employed to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique and examples of its application to high-resolution side-scan sonar images are provided     

A geological data logger

A novel data logger has been designed and tested for logging data from a satellite navigator, magnetometer, and a deep-sea echosounder. The logger exploits the interrupt structure of an in-house 8085 single-board computer (SBC) to service requests from the satellite navigator and real-time clock chip. The real-time clock interrupt forces the 8085 central processing unit (CPU) to fetch data from the magnetometer and echosounder at a user-selected interval. At present, up to four days of data can be stored on a single DC-100 tape cartridge. All recorded data are displayed on a dumb CRT terminal. The data-logging software is written in PLM/85-a higher level language for the 8085 microprocessor.     

DGPS航向数据计算拖鱼平面位置的精度分析

拖鱼位置归算的关键因素是航向,探讨了使用DGPS航向数据计算拖鱼位置的精度情况,根据计算结果分析了航向数据对拖鱼位置精度的影响,认为在实际操作中应该使用软件和硬件两方面确保航向数据质量,在上下测线时应该注意保持拖鱼航向稳定性。     

Feasibility of interferometric swath bathymetry using GLORIA, along-range sidescan

The feasibility of adding an interferometric swath bathymetric system to GLORIA, a 6.6 kHz long-range sidescan sonar, is discussed. The size of GLORIA's low-frequency transducer arrays and towfish precludes significant modifications, but even without such changes bathymetric errors could be several tens of metres over a usable swath somewhat smaller than the normal GLORIA swath. A swath bathymetry based on GLORIA will have random errors depending strongly on wind speed, water depth, and swath width. Within the range of these parameters, root-mean-square bathymetry errors in the range of 1-100 m can be expected     

基于单轴定标的三轴磁传感器的误差校正

提出了一种校正三轴磁传感器综合误差的新方法。该方法利用三轴磁传感器的误差校正数学模型和遗传算法,通过预先对其中某单轴灵敏度定标,并以此为标准来校正其他两轴以及综合误差。仿真结果表明,该方法稳定收敛并可达到1nT精度。用实际地磁场测量数据对该方法进行验证,结果表明磁传感器性能得到极大改善,测量精度有了较大幅度提高。     

Vortex-Induced Vibrations of A Long Flexible Cylinder in Linear and Exponential Shear Flows

A numerical study based on a wake oscillator model was conducted to determine the response performance of vortex-induced vibration(VIV) on a long flexible cylinder with pinned-pinned boundary conditions subjected to linear and exponential shear flows. The coupling equations of a structural vibration model and wake oscillator model were solved using a standard central finite difference method of the second order. The VIV response characteristics including the structural displacement, structural frequency, structural wavenumber, standing wave behavior,travelling wave behavior, structural velocity, lift force coefficient and transferred energy from the fluid to the structure with different flow profiles were compared. The numerical results show that the VIV displacement is a combination of standing waves and travelling waves. For linear shear flow, standing waves and travelling waves dominate the VIV response within the low-velocity and high-velocity zones, respectively. The negative values of the transferred energy only occur within the low-velocity zone. However, for exponential shear flow, travelling waves dominate the VIV response and the negative energy occurs along the entire length of the cylinder.     

High-resolution deep-tow survey imagery,Gulf of Mexico

Data are presented from a commercially available deep-tow 100-kHz side-scan sonar and 3.5-kHz subbottom profiler acquisition system. The towfish is a positively buoyant vehicle referenced to the seafloor with an anchor chain deadweight. This enables the acoustic sources and receivers to be towed at a constant altitude of 30 to 35 m above the seafloor. The records illustrate a capability for imaging deep-water seafloor morphology and near-surface sediments to water depths of 2200 m in the Gulf of Mexico.     

Calculation of dynamic motions and tensions in towed underwatercables

A matrix method for mooring system analysis is extended to address the dynamic response of towed underwater systems. Key tools are equivalent linearization and small perturbation theory, and a pitching towfish model. Two examples of application of the technique are provided. The first studies a fundamental limitation to constrained passive heave compensation, while the second concerns the use of floated tethers as a means for dynamic decoupling