胶东望儿山金矿床构造-热事件时序：野外地质证据

望儿山金矿床是位于山东招远-莱州金矿区西部焦家金矿田内的一个大型金矿床,矿区内断裂构造发育,总体走向为NNE-NE,其控制了矿区蚀变带的展布;矿床由石英脉型矿体和蚀变岩型矿体组成,两者均严格受断裂构造的控制。通过对望儿山金矿床的野外地质考察,根据野外观察到的构造性质、切割关系以及地质体的穿插关系认为矿区内构造→热事件时...     

福建安溪南坑矿区铅锌矿床地质特征及成因探讨

安溪南坑矿区铅锌矿已圈定4个矿体和1个矿化体,受断裂构造控制,呈北东向脉状产于石英斑岩脉外侧的下元古界麻源群变质岩中。近矿围岩蚀变有碳酸盐化、硅化、黄铁矿化,属热液交代-充填型矿床。     

内蒙古西口子-八道卡地区岩金成矿特征

西口子-八道卡地区大地构造位置处于额尔古纳地块北部.区内出露变质岩系为古元古界新华渡口群和新元古界震旦系加疙瘩群.侏罗纪中-酸性岩浆岩活动强烈.基底断裂构造呈近东西向,在侏罗纪形成一系列左行的压扭性北东向断裂构造及伴随的北西向、近南北向张性断裂.金矿化体呈脉状、透镜体状发育在变质岩系、黑云二长花岗岩体的破碎蚀变带内或变质岩系与石英闪长岩的接触部位,受左行压扭性北东向断裂构造与北西向、近南北向张性断裂构造的联合控制.金矿化类型为蚀变岩型和石英脉型,金矿化与硅化、黄铁矿化、绢英岩化关系密切.地球化学研究表明金矿化与黑云二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩关系密切,成矿物质主要来源于地壳深部或地幔,成矿热液属富碱质的、具有弱还原性质的岩浆热液.依据区内金矿成矿作用特点,总结了金矿找矿标志.     

藏北商旭造山型金矿床的发现及意义

西藏双湖县商旭金矿床位于班公湖-怒江缝合带中段。矿体赋存于中-下侏罗统木嘎岗日群浅变质复理石中,受北西西向断裂构造控制,呈透镜体状、脉状,或者似层状产出;矿石矿物以自然金为主,矿石类型为石英脉型和蚀变岩型,围岩蚀变特征明显。该矿床主要受地层及构造因素控制,矿区的构造、围岩蚀变、矿物、地球化学异常等可作为找矿标志。野外地质调查和矿床对比研究显示,商旭金矿床在矿物共生组合、蚀变类型、构造类型等方面,与典型的造山型金矿床相似,其成因类型属于造山型金矿床。商旭金矿床的发现为班公湖-怒江成矿带金等贵金属矿产的地质找矿工作开辟了新的方向。     

青海卡而却卡铜多金属矿床蚀变矿化类型及矽卡岩矿物学特征

卡而却卡铜多金属矿床是柴达木盆地南缘西段祁漫塔格地区颇具特色的一个破碎蚀变带热液脉状-矽卡岩型矿床。矿区内可见2类围岩蚀变：矽卡岩化和黄铁绢英岩化。前者由印支期似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩侵位引起,在岩体侵入接触面及外接触带围岩的不同岩性界面、构造破碎薄弱带形成含铜多金属矽卡岩透镜体,由透辉石、钙铁辉石、钙铁（铝）榴石、符山石、硅灰石、方柱石和阳起石等一套十分典型的钙矽卡岩矿物组成;后者在矿区西北部的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩体中形成多条呈NWW向平行展布的黄铜矿化热液蚀变带,构成断裂破碎带控制的细（网）脉浸染状热液脉型矿化。研究认为：卡而却卡铜多金属矿床的形成与印支期侵位、具有浅成和高侵位特点的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩关系密切,产出的矽卡岩型铜多金属矿与破碎蚀变带控制的细（网）脉浸染状热液脉型铜矿的成岩成矿年龄基本一致,其构造-岩浆活动背景相同,但属不同阶段、不同深度和不同部位发生成矿作用的产物,形成以接触带（或外接触带）矽卡岩型铜多金属矿为主体的、成矿母岩体内的构造断裂发育部位伴有热液脉状铜矿化的复合型矿床。     

北票市台吉营子金矿深部找矿的思考

北票市台吉营子金矿赋存于太古界建平群小塔子沟组地层之中,围岩蚀变呈脉状,蚀变种类较多,围岩作为矿源层受燕山期构造-热液活动的影响,在矿区范围内形成多条矿化蚀变带.矿体分布受北东向压扭性断裂及次一级北西向张性断裂严格控制.通过对成矿条件的研究,结合构造-热液成矿条件,同时与邻近大型金矿山,金厂沟梁金矿、二道沟金矿对比研究认为1号矿体深部找矿条件良好.     

河南省九丈沟金矿地质特征及找矿标志浅析

九丈沟金矿区地处华北地台南缘华熊台隆之外方山断隆区的西北部,区内主要发育断裂构造,岩浆活动强烈,金矿类型以蚀变岩型为主.矿体呈脉状产出,矿石呈浸染状、细脉-浸染状、脉状-网脉状和蜂窝状.围岩主要蚀变类型包括硅化、绢云母化、高岭石化、碳酸盐化、钾长石化.通过对研究区成矿地质背景、地质特征、控矿因素进行探讨,总结了研究区的找矿标志.     

滇东南广南金矿区构造对矿床就位的控制作用

通过对滇东南地区区域构造的研究,发现该地区矿床的形成主要受控于构造作用。以广南金矿矿区构造和矿石构造解析作为基础,结合对矿区动力学背景的分析,指出极其发育的NW向、NE向和EW向断裂构造是矿区构造发育的主要特点,而金矿床的就位主要受制于前期构造活动形成的断层及不整合面,右行压剪作用及后期的伸展作用确定了现今的矿体分布特征。矿区发育的角砾状、浸染状和脉状矿石揭示,断裂活动和热液蚀变在成矿过程中起重要作用。     

江苏溧水卧龙山锶矿床地质特征及找矿方向

卧龙山锶矿床是江苏省溧水盆地内新发现的热液充填型锶矿床,目前控制规模为中型。矿床地质特征研究表明,卧龙山锶矿床矿体的赋存位置及产状均严格受NW向断裂构造的控制;矿石自然类型以致密块状矿石为主,矿石结构以自形板片状为主,矿石构造以块状、角砾状和网脉状为主;围岩蚀变表现为中低温热液蚀变特征,且沿矿区NW向断裂呈线状分布。根据矿物的世代和穿插关系,将锶矿化划分为天青石-黄铁矿阶段、天青石阶段和方解石-天青石阶段。查明了矿区NW向构造是主要控矿因素,亦是主要找矿标志,而NE向构造是破矿构造。提出了矿区NW向构造是区域主干断裂右行扭动所派生的次级断裂构造;而NE向构造是区域主干断裂左行扭动所派生的次级断裂构造;认为矿区锶矿化发生在主干断裂右行扭动之后,左行扭动之前,并赋存在右行扭动派生的NW向断裂构造中。因此,溧水盆地锶矿勘查重点(找矿方向)应沿着开太-白马山主干断裂开展,找寻其右行扭动派生的NW向构造。     

“入”字形构造对城步周山铅锌矿床的构造控制

城步周山铅锌矿床受控于桃江—城步基底断裂与次生顺层断裂组成的"入"字形组合构造,基底断裂为导矿构造,次级断裂为容矿构造;铅锌矿体产于棋梓桥组岩脆易碎容矿空间大的白云岩段顺层断裂中,为典型的地层+构造联合控矿,呈似层状、透镜状、脉状产出,矿化蚀变主要有白云石化、黄铁矿化和硅化。通过对矿区地质特征、矿化类型、围岩蚀变、控矿因素、形成机理等的综合研究分析,认为该矿床属中低温热液充填型铅锌矿床。     

藏南吉松铅锌矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

吉松铅锌矿床位于喜马拉雅造山带东部,矿体由石英-方解石-硫化物脉组成,主要受北东向断裂构造控制。矿石矿物组合为闪锌矿、方铅矿和少量磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿;脉石矿物包括石英、方解石、毒砂和黄铁矿等。矿床可划分为：Ⅰ.毒砂-黄铁矿-石英阶段;Ⅱ.磁黄铁矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿-石英阶段;Ⅲ.石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段;Ⅳ.表生氧化阶段。石英、方解石中包裹体以气液两相水包裹体为主,含少量CO₂包裹体和纯液相水包裹体。成矿流体特征为中低温度、低盐度、低密度,显微测温结果显示：Ⅰ 阶段的均一温度范围225~345 ℃,盐度为0.21%~11.93% NaCl eqv;Ⅱ 阶段的均一温度范围145~339 ℃,盐度为0.35%~13.26% NaCl eqv;Ⅲ 阶段的均一温度范围210~350 ℃,盐度为0.35%~15.31% NaCl eqv。流体包裹体特征表明成矿流体发生了沸腾作用,可能是矿质沉淀的主要原因。分析表明该矿床为中低温热液脉型铅锌矿床。     

智利Candelaria-Punta del Cobre铁氧化物铜金矿床地质和成矿作用

智利Copiapó附近海岸东部边缘有一宽5km、长20km的铁氧化物铜金矿床带,包括Candelaria矿床和位于其北东方向3km处的Punta del Cobre矿集区的中小型矿床。初步估计,该成矿带的铜矿石资源量可达7×108~8×10~8t(含铜量1%)。矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿。矿石产状为脉状、角砾状、细脉状等。含矿围岩主要为Punta del Cobre组的火山岩及火山碎屑岩。该矿带中大部分大型矿脉位于北西—北北西向高角度脆性断层与块状火山岩和火山碎屑岩接触带交汇处。Candelairia矿区主要发育黑云母-钾长石±钙角闪石±绿帘石蚀变矿物组合。在Punta del Cobr矿集区,矿床深部的矿石围岩蚀变情况与Candelairia地区一致,但是浅部的矿石赋存于黑云母-钾长石或钠长石-绿泥石±方解石蚀变带中。     

哈达门沟金矿床地质特征及其形成时代研究

哈达门沟金矿床位于华北地台北缘西段,产于太古代乌拉山岩群变质碉系中,矿床以发育一系列含金钾长石－石英脉为特征,这些钾长石－石英脉沿近东西向的韧、脆性叠加断裂成 出。钾长石化是最发的近矿围为。采用离子探针（ＳＨＲＩＭＰ）对矿体边部的钾长石化蚀变岩锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ定年结果表明：矿化钾长石化蚀变岩的年龄为１３２±２Ｍａ。由于钾长石化夺本身被金矿化,因此金矿化年龄小于或接近于１３２±２Ｍａ,为燕山晚期成矿。     

华北克拉通南缘卢氏多金属矿集区硫化物Rb-Sr定年及地质意义

华北克拉通南缘秦岭成矿带发育大量金矿、钼矿及铅锌多金属矿床。卢氏多金属矿集区位于东秦岭成矿带,主要矿床有夜长坪钼钨矿、八宝山铁铜矿、楼房银铜矿、柳关铅锌矿等。其中楼房银铜矿为热液脉状多金属矿床,矿床赋存于太华群角闪斜长片麻岩中,矿体受构造蚀变破碎带控制,矿床中划分出两个成矿阶段:石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿组合和石英-黄铁矿-方铅矿-闪锌矿-方解石组合,其中前者是铜成矿阶段,后者为铅锌成矿阶段。柳关铅锌矿为矽卡岩矿床,矿体产于官道口群白云岩与花岗斑岩岩体或隐爆角砾岩接触矽卡岩化带内,矿床划分出两个成矿阶段:透辉石-透闪石-阳起石-石榴石-磁铁矿组合和方铅矿-闪锌矿-黄铁矿-绿帘石-蛇纹石-石英-方解石组合,前者为磁铁矿成矿阶段,后者是铅锌成矿阶段。金属硫化物定年结果表明,楼房银铜矿黄铜矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄为127. 8±3. 1Ma(2σ,MSWD=1. 1),初始87Rb/86Sr为0. 710998±0. 000068;柳关铅锌矿黄铁矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄为124. 8±1. 6Ma(2σ,MSWD=1. 4),初始87Rb/86Sr为0. 711074±0. 000064。研究表明卢氏多金属矿集区内热液多金属矿床形成于早白垩世,其形成与区内早白垩世岩浆活动有关。综合区域地质研究,区内多金属矿床形成于早白垩世与克拉通破坏有关的构造环境。     

Geology,Alteration, and Mineralization of the Kay Tanda Epithermal Gold Deposit,Lobo, Batangas,Philippines

The Kay Tanda epithermal Au deposit in Lobo, Batangas is one of the Au deposits situated in the Batangas Mineral District in southern Luzon, Philippines. This study aims to document the geological, alteration, and mineralization characteristics and to determine the age of the mineralization, the mechanism of ore deposition, and the hydrothermal fluid characteristics of the Kay Tanda deposit. The geology of Kay Tanda consists of (i) the Talahib Volcanic Sequence, a Middle Miocene dacitic to andesitic volcaniclastic sequence that served as the host rock of the mineralization; (ii) the Balibago Diorite Complex, a cogenetic intrusive complex intruding the Talahib Volcanic Sequence; (iii) the Calatagan Formation, a Late Miocene to Early Pliocene volcanosedimentary formation unconformably overlying the Talahib Volcanic Sequence; (iv) the Dacite Porphyry Intrusives, which intruded the older lithological units; and (v) the Balibago Andesite, a Pliocene postmineralization volcaniclastic unit. K‐Ar dating on illite collected from the alteration haloes around quartz veins demonstrated that the age of mineralization is around 5.9 ± 0.2 to 5.5 ± 0.2 Ma (Late Miocene). Two main styles of mineralization are identified in Kay Tanda. The first style is an early‐stage extensive epithermal mineralization characterized by stratabound Au‐Ag‐bearing quartz stockworks hosted at the shallower levels of the Talahib Volcanic Sequence. The second style is a late‐stage base metal (Zn, Pb, and Cu) epithermal mineralization with local bonanza‐grade Au mineralization hosted in veins and hydrothermal breccias that are intersected at deeper levels of the Talahib Volcanic Sequence and at the shallower levels of the Balibago Intrusive Complex. Paragenetic studies on the mineralization in Kay Tanda defined six stages of mineralization; the first two belong to the first mineralization style, while the last four belong to the second mineralization style. Stage 1 is composed of quartz ± pyrophyllite ± dickite/kaolinite ± diaspore alteration, which is cut by quartz veins. Stage 2 is composed of Au‐Ag‐bearing quartz stockworks associated with pervasive illite ± quartz ± smectite ± kaolinite alteration. Stage 3 is composed of carbonate veins with minor base metal sulfides. Stage 4 is composed of quartz ± adularia ± calcite veins and hydrothermal breccias, hosting the main base metal and bonanza‐grade Au mineralization, and is associated with chlorite‐illite‐quartz alteration. Stage 5 is composed of epidote‐carbonate veins associated with epidote‐calcite‐chlorite alteration. Stage 6 is composed of anhydrite‐gypsum veins with minor base metal mineralization. The alteration assemblage of the deposit evolved from an acidic mineral assemblage caused by the condensation of magmatic volatiles from the Balibago Intrusive Complex into the groundwater to a slightly acidic mineral assemblage caused by the interaction of the host rocks and the circulating hydrothermal waters being heated up by the Dacite Porphyry Intrusives to a near‐neutral pH toward the later parts of the mineralization. Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates that the temperature of the system started to increase during Stage 1 (T = 220–250°C) and remained at high temperatures (T = 250–290°C) toward Stage 6 due to the continuous intrusion of Dacite Porphyry Intrusives at depth. Salinity slightly decreased toward the later stages due to the contribution of more meteoric waters into the hydrothermal system. Boiling is considered the main mechanism of ore deposition based on the occurrence of rhombic adularia, the heterogeneous trapping of fluid inclusions of variable liquid–vapor ratios, the distribution of homogenization temperatures, and the gas ratios obtained from the quantitative fluid inclusion gas analysis of quartz. Ore mineral assemblage and sulfur fugacity determined from the FeS content of sphalerite at temperatures estimated by fluid inclusion microthermometry indicate that the base metal mineralization at Kay Tanda evolved from a high sulfidation to an intermediate sulfidation condition.     

甘肃李坝金矿围岩蚀变与金成矿关系

西秦岭地区是目前国内造山型和卡林型金矿找矿的热点地区之一,已发现的甘肃李坝造山型金矿为超大型规模。以李坝金矿6号矿带为例,系统地研究了其蚀变矿物组合、近矿围岩蚀变分带及相应的金矿化特征,总结了矿床(带)的蚀变分带模式。该模式具典型的中心式环带结构,可分为3个蚀变带,由中心向外依次为黄铁绢英岩化带、绢云母化带和绿泥石化带。蚀变矿物组合分别为黄铁矿+绢云母+石英±毒砂±白云母±电气石±方解石、绢云母+绿泥石+石英+黄铁矿±黑云母及绿泥石+黑云母±绢云母±黄铁矿;与这3个蚀变带相对应的是金的富集带、矿化带和无矿带。蚀变岩石物质组分迁移分析表明,围岩蚀变及其分带是热水流体/岩石反应时岩石化学组分发生迁移的结果,矿化伴随着蚀变发生,且金矿化与黄铁矿化和浸染状硅化关系最为密切。     

Ore geology,fluid inclusions and O-S stable isotope characteristics of Shurab Sb-polymetallic vein deposit,eastern Iran

The Shurab Sb-polymetallic mineralization is a subvolcanic rock-hosted epithermal deposit and located in north Lut Block, eastern Iran. It is one of the most important deposits of the Iranian East Magmatic Assemblage (IEMA) in which numerous Middle-Cenozoic precious and base metals deposits occur. The main lithological units in the area are Paleogene subvolcanic intrusions and minor Jurassic sedimentary rocks. Mineralization occurs as veins in a series of NW-SE and E-W trending faults and fractures in the Eocene-Oligocene dacite and andesite subvolcanic rocks. Mineralization at the Shurab deposit can be subdivided into four stages: pre-ore stage, Cu-Zn-Pb ore stage, Sb-Ag ± As ore stage and post-ore stage. The total sulfide content of the veins in the area is variable, ranging from 1 to 50%, and is dominated by stibnite, chalcopyrite, galena, Fe-poor sphalerite and pyrite with minor chalcostibite, Ag-tetrahedrite and bournonite; gangue minerals are mainly quartz and calcite. Silicic, argillic, propylitic, and sericitic, are the most obvious wall rock alterations. Microthermometric measurements of primary liquid-rich fluid inclusions in quartz and sphalerite indicate that the veins were formed at temperatures between 115 and 290 °C from fluids with salinities between 0.7 and 16.2 wt% NaCl eq., suggesting an epithermal origin. The δ³⁴S values of pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena vary between -2.5 and 0.8‰, and δ¹⁸O values of quartz range between 12.5 and 14.8‰. It is inferred that the Shurab mineralization is of epithermal origin, related to an Eocene-Oligocene magmatic geothermal system involving fluids of magmatic and meteoric origin.     

藏南扎西康铅锌多金属矿绢云母Ar-Ar年龄及其成矿意义

扎西康脉状铅锌多金属矿位于特提斯喜马拉雅东段中部,是该带内规模最大的多金属矿床,扎西康矿脉受控于数条南北向正断层,这些断层在青藏高原后碰撞伸展阶段形成。矿区发生了两次成矿事件,分别为铅锌成矿期和富锑成矿期,并且后期富锑成矿对早期铅锌成矿具有叠加改造作用。在后期富锑成矿期中方解石-黄铁矿阶段发现了与闪锌矿、黄铁矿等矿物共生的绢云母。本文采用Ar-Ar同位素测年方法对该绢云母进行了测试分析,获得绢云母的坪年龄为12.28±0.45 Ma,对应的等时线年龄为11.7±3.1 Ma。两个年龄在误差范围内相等,表明该绢云母的Ar-Ar年龄具有地质意义,代表了绢云母的形成年龄。该Ar-Ar年龄指示了扎西康富锑成矿期发生于12Ma左右。特提斯喜马拉雅成矿带在主碰撞成矿阶段发育一期金(银)矿化事件,而扎西康绢云母Ar-Ar年龄表明后碰撞阶段矿化事件可以持续到12Ma。由于矿体发育于南北向断裂之中,因此,暗示了扎西康地区NS向正断层系统发育时间早于12Ma。早期铅锌硫化物成矿期矿石普遍破碎,说明受到构造挤压作用影响,而富锑成矿期矿石表现为脉状充填,并无构造挤压破碎,可以推测12Ma后藏南NS向正断层系统可能处于持续伸展环境。     

河北石湖金矿床控矿构造特征及矿体定位机制研究——以101脉为例

石湖金矿床位于太行山中北段,矿床产出严格受断裂构造控制。在详细野外观察及室内综合研究基础上,结合矿山生产地质资料的二次开发,认为石湖金矿控矿构造是在前中生代近SN向和NW向剪节理基础上,经燕山期构造追踪、叠加、复合而成。在主成矿期NNW-SSE向左行走滑应力作用下,石湖金矿区101脉控矿构造NW向部位以早期充填的石英闪长玢岩脉顶底板为薄弱面相对扩容,相应地矿床围岩蚀变带变宽、矿化强度高、矿化类型以石英脉型为主,形成局部"富矿柱";而近SN向部位则相对空间压缩,相应地围岩蚀变带变窄、矿化强度低、矿化类型以蚀变岩型为主,不利于成矿;富矿柱以高角度(约70°)侧列式分布,各富矿柱联合形成总体以40°向南侧伏的假象。根据该构造控矿规律,预测石湖金矿101脉47~61勘探线间、标高150 m以下部位为有利成矿部位,该成果已为矿山生产所证实。     

四川大梁子富锗铅锌矿床的控矿构造样式及成矿机制研究

大梁子富锗铅锌矿床位于扬子板块西南缘,是四川-云南-贵州(川滇黔)铅锌矿集区大型矿床之一,其矿石储量4.5 Mt,Pb+Zn平均品位10%~12%,矿体主要以筒状、脉状赋存于严格受断裂构造控制的富有机质破碎带“黑色破碎带”中,赋矿围岩为震旦系灯影组的白云岩。矿区断裂十分发育,主要发育NWW向断裂、NW向断裂和NE向断裂。通过详细分析各组断裂的几何学和运动学特征,厘清了成矿前、成矿期和成矿后断裂活动特征及构造动力学特征。成矿前,该矿区受近N-S向挤压应力作用,形成NWW向逆断层;成矿期,受古特提斯洋的俯冲消减和碰撞造山作用,研究区构造应力场转变为NW-SE向挤压应力,形成矿区的NWW向张扭性断层、NW向扭张性断层和NE向逆断层;成矿后,区域构造应力场转变为近EW向,形成NWW向、NW向和NE向的破矿断裂。NWW向断裂是矿区的主控断裂,是流体运移的通道;NW向断裂是NWW向断层的主要配套断裂,是流体混合和矿体就位的空间,NWW向断裂和NW向断裂组成的负花状构造是大梁子富锗铅锌矿床最具特色的控矿构造样式。来自深部的富金属离子的流体与来自寒武系富有机质地层的还原型流体在NWW向断裂和NW向断裂控制的张裂空间的混合,是该床的主要成矿机制。矿区南部和西部类似的构造样式区是下一步找矿的方向。