水城青山铅锌矿床地质特征及控矿因素初探

通过对青山铅锌矿矿床的地质特征分析,对比水城中部地区威水背斜南西翼各段的地质特征,论述了背斜倒转翼的层间小褶曲,多组断裂共同控制了青山铅锌矿床产出的规律,并以此为指导指出了寻找“青山式”矿床一些找矿标志。     

滇东北矿集区小河铅锌矿床构造解析及其控矿模式

小河铅锌矿是滇东北铅锌矿集区内少数几个由北西向主断裂控制的典型铅锌矿床之一,矿化蚀变的空间展布严格受构造控制。为查明其区内构造对矿化蚀变的控制作用特征,通过不同中段大比例尺构造-蚀变岩相学填图,对不同方向构造进行筛分,并对不同中段不同矿(化)体特征和蚀变特征开展了系统的剖析,结果表明：小河铅锌矿床矿化蚀变的岩石组成、类型及结构等相对简单,围岩蚀变以热液白云石化、方解石化、硅化和黄铁矿化为主;矿化主要为闪锌矿化、方铅矿化;该区构造组合形迹反映矿区内存在6期构造体系,分别为加里东期-海西期、印支早-中期、印支晚期-燕山早期、燕山中期、燕山晚期和喜马拉雅期;印支晚期-燕山早期成矿流体沿区内北西向张性-张扭性构造发生大规模运移,在断裂上盘及与之配套的次级断裂、构造破碎带、节理裂隙等构造有利部位成矿,并依次形成以断裂为中心且平面上呈带状展布的矿化蚀变分带：矿化边缘带(Ⅰ)→矿化过渡带(Ⅱ)→矿化中心带(Ⅲ)。最终建立了小河铅锌矿床构造控矿模式。研究成果对同类矿床及川滇黔接壤区的找矿预测具有重要指导意义。     

宁陕县正河金矿床构造控矿特征及矿床成因初探

通过对正河金矿的构造控矿特征、成矿物质来源及成矿作用的讨论，认为蚀变矿化带受控于次级背斜，为背斜核部的轴面劈理化带，山阳-凤镇深大断裂是该矿床的导矿构造。该矿床成矿作用经历了多期次的构造演化过程，成因为热水沉积-变质变形-构造热液改造型矿床。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床构造控矿规律及其隐伏矿预测

对会泽铅锌矿成矿构造体系、构造控矿型式进行研究，认为小江深断裂带和曲靖-昭通隐伏断裂带为矿床形成提供了有利的构造背景，矿床严格受北东向压扭性断裂控制，“阶梯状”和“多字型”构造是矿区具有普遍性的控矿构造型式，北东构造带是主要的成矿构造体系，提出麒麟厂矿床主矿体向南西向侧伏，通过工程验证新增铅锌矿金属储量近100万t。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床构造控矿及断裂构造岩稀土元素组成特征

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床是川滇黔铅锌成矿区大型富铅锌矿床的典型代表,本文在研究矿区成矿地质背景,划分断裂构造岩类型及构造体系的基础上,提出ＮＥ构造带（华夏系）是会泽铅放离主要的成矿构造体系,概括了构造控矿特征,以控矿断裂带中的构造岩、矿及为主要研究对象,分析不同方向断裂的构造岩的稀土元素组成特征,按其特征和酝酿民分模式,将构造岩（矿石）划分为７种类型：Ｅｕ富集－开阔“Ｗ”型、Ｃｅ富集－Ｅｕ弱亏损－平缓型、平缓型、ＨＲＥＥ－ＬＲＥＥ较富集－开阔“Ｖ”字型、Ｅｕ强亏损－下斜型,Ｅｕ亏损－下斜型、Ｅｕ亏损－平缓型、其中ＮＥ向断裂带中的Ｃｅ富集－Ｅｕ弱亏损－平缓型与Ｅｕ富集－平缓型模式的构造岩是成矿预测的微观标志之一。     

黔西北地区铅锌矿床控矿构造与成矿

黔西北铅锌成矿区是川-滇-黔铅锌成矿域重要组成部分。文章通过总结黔西北地区铅锌矿床产出的区域地质背景、几个典型矿床的地质特征及研究区内构造展布与矿床（点）分布之间的关系,提出构造是区域铅锌矿床的主要控矿因素,构造对成矿具分级控制特点,强调研究区内构造体系是找矿突破的关键所在。     

青山-横塘矿区铅锌矿床控矿断裂特征及找矿评价

黔西北铅锌成矿区海西期经历了北西向水城断陷的发育演化,沉积了巨厚的泥盆系、古炭系地层,形成区域内主要的矿化层位。青山－横塘矿区位于威水铅锌成矿带之水城中部矿田,区内构造发育,成矿条件有利,产出了青山、横塘等中小型矿床,从矿区内控矿断裂的同生活动特征分析,断陷盆地内ＮＷ 断裂的同生活动控制了矿带,活动较强烈地段控制了矿区,ＮＥ向断裂的同生活动控制了矿床。     

内蒙古阿尔哈达铅锌矿床构造控矿规律及深部成矿预测

阿尔哈达铅锌矿床是内蒙古二连浩特—东乌珠穆沁旗多金属成矿带中的代表性矿床之一,矿体主要赋存于安格尔音乌拉组中,呈脉状、透镜状产出,受北西向断裂控制。成矿期断裂发生多次构造活动,形成不同的矿物组合,可划分为石英-毒砂-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、贫硫化物-石英阶段(Ⅱ)、多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)及少量方铅矿-萤石-方解石阶段(Ⅳ)4个成矿阶段。控矿断裂以左行正断层的运动方式为主,剖面上断裂产状较陡部位、平面上断裂走向偏西部位是矿体产出的有利地段。蚀变带厚度、厚度×品位及矿体厚度高值中心与断裂面产状变化部位基本一致,表明断裂面产状变化地段是矿体赋存及矿化富集的有利位置。矿化富集规律显示矿体与蚀变带均具有向南西侧伏的趋势,表明矿区深部仍有一定成矿潜力。在详细地质调查基础上,结合矿化富集规律,利用数值模拟技术对阿尔哈达铅锌矿床I号矿脉两侧及深部进行成矿远景评价和矿体定位预测,共圈定了6处进一步找矿靶区。     

内蒙古大井锡多金属矿床脉岩的成矿与找矿意义

内蒙古大井大型锡多金属矿床是一个与次火山热液有关的脉状矿床,其成矿元素组合复杂,具有亲氧(锡)和亲硫(铜铅锌银)两套成矿元素组合.矿区范围内脉岩发育,与成矿关系密切,可分为霏细岩和英安斑岩两大类.霏细岩以斑晶不发育、硅化绢云母化强烈及Eu亏损明显等为特征,与早期阶段的锡成矿有关;英安斑岩以斑晶发育、黄铁矿化强烈及Eu异...     

西藏弄如日金矿围岩蚀变特征与成矿机理

弄如日金矿床围岩蚀变类型有黄铁矿化、绢云母化、雄黄化、钠长石化、硅化、碳酸盐化等,其中强硅化、黄铁矿化、雄(雌)黄化与金矿化关系密切。从断裂-岩脉中心向两侧围岩,蚀变强度由强转弱。矿床的形成主要与喜马拉雅期花岗斑岩的侵入活动有关。     

Geology and Mineralization at the Dajing Tin-polymetallic Ore Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract: Dajing is a large-scale tin–polymetallic ore deposit in north China with Sn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, and minor elements such as Co and In. The deposit is controlled by a passage-host structure system. Two groups of NE direction faults such as F₂ and F₁ are characterized by sinistral and multiphase activities, and the syn-ore NE faults with their derivative faults nearly in N-S direction constitute an important structure system as channelway for ore fluid. Around F₂ fault (mineralization center), metallic elements display horizontal zoning outwards from Sn, Cu to Cu, Sn, Pb, Zn, Ag and to Pb, Zn, Ag. Controlled by sinistral pull-apart vein system, the WNW direction host structure yielded the ore vein to "W" shape on horizontal plan while to staircase shape on vertical profile. Multiperiodic activities of the host structures system lead to multistage of ore mineralization. Four mineralization stages are recognized in the main mineralization, i.e. 1) cassiterite–arsenopyrite–quartz stage, 2) cassiterite-sulfide (or Cu–poly–metallic mineralization) stage, 3) massive pyrite stage, and 4) galena-sphalerite stage. Besides, fluid activities are identified here at the pre-mineral stage of the formation of quartz veins and sheared deformation, and at the post-mineral stage of quartz–calcite–fluorite deposition.
The earlier tin-rich ore solution raised from NE faults and its nearly N-S derivatives filled the NW-WNW direction fractures, and formed tin ore veins. Subsequent mineralization of Cu-polymetallic stage, pyrite stage and galena-sphalerite stage, overlapping on the same fracture system, sequentially expanded outwards from the fractures, and produced different kinds of ore types and mineralization zoning.     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗乌兰德勒钼(铜)矿床地质特征及找矿标志

乌兰德勒钼(铜)矿床是近几年内蒙古国土资源大调查工作中新发现的一个中型钼(铜)矿床。矿床具典型的斑岩型矿床矿化特征, 并呈现较为复杂的上下两种矿化形态。上部矿体呈多层脉状、网脉状, 赋存于早期侵入的石英闪长岩及花岗闪长岩次生裂隙中, 辉钼矿呈大叶片状、细鳞片状集合体充填于围岩裂隙或硅化脉两侧; 下部矿体较厚大, 赋存于成矿母岩即中细粒二长花岗闪长岩、细粒花岗岩与早期石英闪长岩侵入接触带中, 构成矿床中的主要矿体, 辉钼矿呈细脉状、细脉浸染状产出。矿床具有典型的斑岩蚀变类型, 钾化(黑云母化)、黄铁绢英岩化、云英岩化与矿化作用密切相关。化探工作显示, 成矿元素Mo、Cu、W、Bi元素异常分布面积及强度大, 具有明显的浓度分带和浓集中心, 构成同心环状异常。而高精度磁测表明: 与矿化有关的石英闪长岩、黄铁矿化花岗闪长岩具有强磁性, 围岩黑云母花岗岩、蚀变花岗岩则显示无-弱磁性。激电中梯测量显示与成矿有关的闪长岩、蚀变花岗岩具有高极化低电阻率特征, 为本区的重要找矿标志。与成矿作用相关的细粒二长花岗岩中锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为131.3 ± 1.6 Ma, 而矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄为134.1 ± 3.3 Ma, 显示该斑岩型矿床形成于早白垩世。乌兰德勒钼(铜)矿床的地、物、化找矿标志和成矿时间的确定, 为本地区下一步找矿工作的开展提供了重要借鉴。     

内蒙古东胜砂岩型铀矿床形成条件与成矿作用

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国煤、油、气、铀四大能源集一体的最大能源盆地之一,是统一在华北地台的太古宙、元古宙古老结晶岩系及古生代海、湖相台盆基础上,于中生代从华北地块分异出来并发育的中—新生代山前凹陷盆地。中—新生代盆地经历了台盆发育、断块活动及盆后活动阶段。本文分析了中—新生代盆地放射性铀成矿盆地地质及地球化学有利条件,铀的丰度(4.71×10-6～34.3×10-6)是上地壳平均丰度,甚至高出一个数量级。阐述了东胜铀矿容矿层的岩石学特征,成岩—后生—低温热液矿化蚀变特征。分析了与铀成矿作用密切相关、呈面型展布、分别产于矿体上、下盘的绿色化及漂白色蚀变形成与深盆气密切成因关系。矿床矿化蚀变作用具有:多期次多阶段成矿特点、矿化矿物组合复杂、矿化形式多样、成矿温度具低温热液特点(70～120℃)、绿色化及漂白色蚀变具面型分布,矿床属于沉积预富集—古层间氧化淋滤—后生二次还原与交代砂岩型铀矿床。     

西秦岭温泉钼矿床矿化特征与蚀变分带

西秦岭温泉斑岩型钼矿位于北秦岭加里东褶皱带西北。经光片及薄片鉴定、X--衍射分析、岩矿石化学全分析和稀土元素分析等研究,石英脉中的辉钼矿化、黄铁矿化及黄铜矿化是矿床的主要矿化;围岩蚀变主要是硅化、沸石化及红色泥化。根据矿床地质、围岩蚀变和地球化学特征等,将围岩蚀变分为3个带,即砖红色沸石化蚀变带(Ⅰ)、强硅化蚀变带(Ⅱ)和弱硅化蚀变带(Ⅲ),其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ带为主要找矿标志。     

内蒙古红岭铅锌多金属矿床地质特征

红岭(浩布高)铅锌多金属矿床位于我国大兴安岭南段主峰黄岗-甘珠尔庙成矿带的东北端。该地区成矿地质条件优越,是我国重点矿产勘查区之一。前人对红岭铅锌矿的矿床成因、成矿规律做了大量研究,但对基础地质特征研究不够深入,特别是对矿区主要赋矿围岩的岩石类型、矿区蚀变-矿化的类型及空间分布规律等方面的研究相对薄弱,制约了研究区矿床成因研究及勘察找矿的进展。本文通过详细的野外地质观察、室内岩矿相鉴定及扫描电镜/能谱(SEM/EDS)研究发现,矿区内出露的二叠纪地层除大理岩外,其余均为火山岩和火山碎屑岩,未见正常碎屑岩,与已有勘查资料认识不同,且在片理化二叠系晶屑凝灰岩中发现了由黄铜矿和闪锌矿组成的压力影,表明该区二叠系中可能发育同生的铜、锌矿化。矿区内除矽卡岩型矿化外还存在角砾岩型、热液脉型、碳酸盐交代型等多种矿化类型,为该区找矿提供了新思路。     

Orogenic Gold Mineralization in the Qolqoleh Deposit, Northwestern Iran

The Qolqoleh gold deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandai‐Sirjan Zone, northwest of Iran. Gold mineralization in the Qolqoleh deposit is almost entirely confined to a series of steeply dipping ductile–brittle shear zones generated during Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision between the Afro‐Arabian and the Iranian microcontinent. The host rocks are Mesozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequences consisting of felsic to mafic metavolcanics, which are metamorphosed to greenschist facies, sericite and chlorite schists. The gold orebodies were found within strong ductile deformation to late brittle deformation. Ore‐controlling structure is NE–SW‐trending oblique thrust with vergence toward south ductile–brittle shear zone. The highly strained host rocks show a combination of mylonitic and cataclastic microstructures, including crystal–plastic deformation and grain size reduction by recrystalization of quartz and mica. The gold orebodies are composed of Au‐bearing highly deformed and altered mylonitic host rocks and cross‐cutting Au‐ and sulfide‐bearing quartz veins. Approximately half of the mineralization is in the form of dissemination in the mylonite and the remainder was clearly emplaced as a result of brittle deformation in quartz–sulfide microfractures, microveins and veins. Only low volumes of gold concentration was introduced during ductile deformation, whereas, during the evident brittle deformation phase, competence contrasts allowed fracturing to focus on the quartz–sericite domain boundaries of the mylonitic foliation, thus permitting the introduction of auriferous fluid to create disseminated and cross‐cutting Au‐quartz veins. According to mineral assemblages and alteration intensity, hydrothermal alteration could be divided into three zones: silicification and sulfidation zone (major ore body); sericite and carbonate alteration zone; and sericite–chlorite alteration zone that may be taken to imply wall‐rock interaction with near neutral fluids (pH 5–6). Silicified and sulfide alteration zone is observed in the inner parts of alteration zones. High gold grades belong to silicified highly deformed mylonitic and ultramylonitic domains and silicified sulfide‐bearing microveins. Based on paragenetic relationships, three main stages of mineralization are recognized in the Qolqoleh gold deposit. Stage I encompasses deposition of large volumes of milky quartz and pyrite. Stage II includes gray and buck quartz, pyrite and minor calcite, sphalerite, subordinate chalcopyrite and gold ores. Stage III consists of comb quartz and calcite, magnetite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and gold ores. Studies on regional geology, ore geology and ore‐forming stages have proved that the Qolqoleh deposit was formed in the compression–extension stage during the Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision in a ductile–brittle shear zone, and is characterized by orogenic gold deposits.     

内蒙古伊敏林场钼矿异常特征及找矿标志

文章介绍内蒙古伊敏林场钼矿区域地质背景,系统的阐述矿区的地质特征,矿化蚀变特征,地球物理特征,地球化学特征等找矿标志地质特征的分析总结,为在区域范围内展开同类型的矿床工作提供新思路和方向。     

陕西八方山-银母寺铅锌矿床外围成矿条件及找矿方法探讨

八方山-银母寺铜铅锌成矿带位于凤太金铅锌矿集区西部的次级热水沉积盆地中，成矿条件优越，已探明八方山大型铅锌矿床、银母寺中型铅锌矿床及多个小型铅锌矿床。目前已进入寻找隐伏铜铅锌矿阶段，找矿靶区的确定和找矿方法的选择显得尤为重要。通过对带内典型矿床的控矿条件进行分析，矿床明显受一定的层位、热水沉积岩相和次级紧闭（倒转）背斜等因素综合控制。在已知矿床延伸地段及与其控矿背斜平行的次级背斜构造部位，优选甘沟铅锌铜矿点、尖端山东西部及杨家湾铜（铅锌）矿点等为主要找矿靶区，需开展物探工作、大比例尺地质测量及工程验证等综合方法进行找矿勘查。