边角网二类优化设计

本文首先根据控制网的可靠性理论,讨论了它的设计方法;其次,在综合考虑精度、可靠性和费用准则的基础上,应用线性规划法,推导出边角网二类优化设计的通用模型;最后,通过测边网、方向网和边角同测网二类优化设计的例子,详细说明了边角网二类优化设计的一般方法。     

一种基于可靠性的工程控制网优化设计新方法

在论述工程控制网优化设计方法及网的精度、可靠性、灵敏度以同用等准则的基础上，提出了一种基于观测值内部可靠性指标的工程控制网模拟法优化设计的新思想和算法，指出了该方法的优点和特点；介绍了该优化设计方法所采用的“科傻”软件，并用实例说明了进行工程控制网优化设计的计算步骤、优化效益以及优化设计的必要性。     

顾及精度与可靠性的测量控制网优化设计

本文从两个准则矩阵——精度准则矩阵与可靠性准则矩阵出发,导出了一种新的测量控制网优化设计方法。利用它不仅能实现同时顾及精度与可靠性的二类优化设计,还可进行以准则矩阵为基础的一类优化设计。另外,这种方法可将一类、二类设计问题同时解决,从而为测量控制网的混合设计开辟了新路。     

高精度工程控制网的二类优化设计研究

本文探讨适合于工程控制网的二类优化设计方法。文章通过对准则矩阵合理设计的讨论,构造了适合于工程控制网的二类优化设计的模型,并讨论了相应数值解算方法。     

四种常用坐标测量方法的精度对比

由于高精度全站仪的普及和使用,极坐标法、角度前方交会法、边长前方交会法、边角前方交会法在平面控制点加密或测点坐标测量中得到广泛采用。推导4种测量方法点位中误差的计算方法,针对工业测量中短基线和工程测量中较长基线的情况,结合确定性的观测仪器和观测条件,计算点位中误差的大小,对比分析不同测量方法的精度、特点和应用条件,计算、分析的结果和结论对实际测量方法的选择和测量工作的开展具有较好的参考价值。     

GPS控制网的优化设计

随着GPS网的广泛应用，人们歼始着手研究GPS网的优化设计问题。本文把GPS网与常现网的优化设计相比较，分析了它们的异同点，探讨了GPS网的零级设计和一级设计的方法．并对一级设计中所用到的三维台劳一卡门结构的准则矩阵进行了推证。     

GIS-based cost distribution analysis of new consumer connections to an urban power grid

In this paper, we propose a method of cost distribution analysis of new consumer connections to a city power grid by accounting for spatial restrictions and characteristics of existing networks. In practice, the calculation of connection costs for each new consumer includes the network design and financial expenditure. We suggest that connection costs should be calculated for the whole city based on the normative parameters at the stage when the object location is selected by investors and when power grid development is planned by power companies. The proposed method enables the modeling of new power line connection routes from every parcel of city land to possible points of connection to the operating networks based on the raster design of the area. The optimal path is chosen by one criterion consisting of two components: the costs of both laying new power lines and providing sufficient power reserve in the chosen network connection point. Realized as a computer program, the method has been used to calculate the costs of connections to low-voltage power lines.     

整数规划在施工控制网观测精度优化设计中的应用

使用数学解法来获得最优的控制网观测量的权，必须转换成观测方案后才能实现。怎样才能使转换后的观测方案既避免主观因素的影响，又具有最优的设计功能，是本文所力图解决的问题。文章顾及施工控制网原始数据误差的影响，提出利用整数规划进行观测精度优化设计的数学模型和计算方法，使优化设计理论更趋完美。文章最后通过算例说明该法在控制网观测精度优化设计中的作用。     

机助法变形监测网优化设计系统(CAMNDS)

本文系统讨论了评定工程控制网质量的精度、可靠性和灵敏度指标,提出变形监测网应以灵敏度作为衡量监测网的主要质量准则,针对具体的变形模型建立了主要以灵敏度、可靠性及费用等为质量准则的机助优化设计系统CAMNDS,并用灵敏度敏感元素作为修改设计的主要依据,具有机助——解析法的特点。该系统还可用于一般工程控制网优化设计。最后,本文给出了某工程监测网优化设计的实例。     

控制网连接点坐标值粗差的可定位性研究

在原有测量控制网(称旧网)的基础上建立同级扩大网或低级加密网(称新网)时,新旧网之间的重合点(称连接点)坐标值粗差的检验是平差前的一个重要环节。本文将连接点坐标视为带协方差阵的观测值,采用数据探测法定位其粗差。借助于 Gauss-Markov模型下两个备选假设检验的理论,推导了连接点相关坐标观测值粗差可定位性基本公式,讨论了各类平面网中连接点坐标观测值粗差的可发现性和可区分性。     

边角后方交会最优图形与精度分析

利用严密误差分析方法,对边角后方交会几何图形进行分析,得出最优图形,并根据得出的点位误差等值线圈定边角后方交会图形的＂危险区域＂。同时根据工程现场实际情况有针对性地提出改进或优化图形的方法。     

An Artificial Intelligent design for GPS Surveying Networks

Metaheuristic techniques, which are based on ideas of Artificial Intelligence, are among the best methods for solving computationally the GPS surveying network problem. In this paper, the ant colony optimization metaheuristic, which is inspired by the behavior of real ant colonies, is developed to efficiently provide a general framework for optimizing GPS surveying networks. In this framework, a set of ants co-operate together using an indirect communication procedure to find good GPS observation schedules. A GPS surveying network can be defined as a set of stations, co-ordinated by a series of sessions formed by placing receivers on the stations. The problem is to search for the best order in which to observe these sessions to give the best schedule at minimum cost. Computational results obtained by applying the proposed technique on several networks, with known and unknown optimal schedules, prove the effectiveness of the proposed metaheuristic technique to solve the GPS surveying network problem.     

西霞院反调节水库控制网的布设及优化

采取平面网与高程网相结合的方法布设了施工控制网，并引用工程控制网优化设计的有关理论，结合实际对平面网的网形进行了机助优化。在网形确定的基础上，文中采用可靠因子为质量指标对网中的观测量进行优化，最终得到了满足精度和可靠性要求的最优布设方案。     

工程控制网观测纲要的最优设计

讨论了工程控制网观测纲要的最优化设计,同时,还把网的可靠性作为一个重要的设计指标,用以限制观测粗差对控制网的影响。     

GPS-RTK与边角交会联合测图根控制

在城市测量中,由于建筑物的不断增高,绿化植物的多样与浓密,仅仅利用GPS-RTK无法完成一项测量工作,必须与常规测量相结台才行.为此,本文采用GPS-RTK与边角交会联合测量图根控制;并介绍了GPS-RTK与常规的边角变会相结合测图根控制的施测、检核及计算方法,分析了交会点的点位精度;最后通过算例得出几点有用的结论.     

A criterion matrix for the second order design of control networks

This paper proposes an original method of constructing a criterion matrix for the optimal design of control networks by means of the contraction of the eigenvalues and the rotation of the eigenvectors of a covariance matrix. The rotation of the eigenvectors is carried out by two different methods, that is through independent rotations of the pairs of the eigenvector matrix components and through a procrustean transfomation of the same matrix. The required criterion is that the “essential eigenvector components” must be as orthogonal as possible to the predicted direction of deformation. A Second Order Design problem is then resolved, that is the optimization of the precision of the observations of a local free distance network to be constructed for the study of recent crustal movements in the seismogenetic area of Friuli (Italy). The results obtained show a high degree of correspondence for the two proposed methods of rotation if limited rotations of the eigenvectors are considered.     

边角后方交会在高铁板式无碴轨道放样中的应用

智能型全站仪结合边角后方交会原理在高速铁路测量工作中得到广泛应用,其在CPⅢ高精度铺轨控制网的基础上进行自由重叠设站的精度能满足高铁测量的精度要求。在板式无碴轨道底板放样和轨道板安装时,可以根据仪器误差参数计算得出每个测站进行放样时误差不超限的最远放样距离,供测量人员参考。     

GNSS大网双差模型并行快速解算方法

针对GNSS大网数据采用双差模型解算时存在时效性差的问题,提出了一种改进的独立双差观测值构建与独立基线并行解算的方法,采用并行技术实现多核并行与网络多节点并行的双层自动快速解算策略。通过对约375个IGS站1周的观测数据进行处理,改进的独立双差观测值选取方法比传统路径最短方法所选的单天全网独立双差数据平均多了53万个,E、N、U方向坐标重复性平均提升了14.0%、12.9%和29.2%。采用不同解算策略的计算结果表明,4台普通计算机的并行计算比传统串行方案的计算效率提升了14倍左右,如375个测站采用改进观测值构建方法的4节点并行方案仅需要35.62min,显著提高了整网双差的解算效率。     

Cascade optimization design of inter-satellite link enhanced with adaptability in future GNSS satellite networks

Inter-satellite communication and inter-satellite ranging are the foundation of autonomous navigation for satellite navigation systems. Due to cost limitations, it has been proposed in recent years to equip each satellite with one spot beam antenna, which points to different satellites according to a polling mechanism, resulting in an intermittently connected satellite network. This poses the problem of how to design the inter-satellite link (ISL) contact plan, which determines the evolution of network topology and has important effects on system performance. We propose a new framework for the ISL contact plan design in satellite navigation systems. Considering contact plan design as a multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization problem, the cascade optimization design (COD) is proposed as a method simple to implement and optimize the parameters of the contact plan. COD considers network load and geometry of satellites and has a good adaptability. In the proposed framework, both communication and measurement requirements are taken into account while the contact sequence and the slot length are optimized in two steps. Simulation results show that COD guarantees zero packet drops and achieves the least average delay with a selected network load. When the packet arrival rate is 0.45 packets/s, the packet drop ratio of COD is zero, while that of the traditional simulated annealing design (SAD) is 2.58%. The delay of COD is 22.97 s, which is only two-fifth of the SAD value of 58.77 s. At the same time, using COD the average autonomous navigation weighted dilution of precision decreases from 1.4408 to 0.9671. COD also has strong robustness and performance regardless of the onboard buffer size.     

方差分量估计在高速铁路铺轨控制网中的应用

在处理边角网平差时,由于测边、测角相互独立,通常只能根据经验按观测类型不同进行验前方差估计,不能准确确定测边、测角观测量的权,影响了控制网的精确度。以高铁铺轨控制网(CPIII)数据处理为例,采用方差分量估计方法对控制网进行了数据处理和精度分析,并与等权处理方法做了比较,对边角网或其它不同类型的复杂控制网数据处理具有一定的参考价值。