3PNL离心泵在大口径钻孔中的使用效果

大口径钻孔灌注桩一股采用一次性成孔，因其口径大，钻渣多，孔壁也相对不稳定。为了保护孔壁，需要泥浆保持一定的粘度。由于泥浆的粘度较大，钻渣     

饱和黏土中钻孔灌注桩孔壁稳定性力学机制研究

将饱和软黏土中钻孔灌注桩孔壁稳定性问题视为半无限体内柱形孔的卸荷收缩问题。基于SMP准则改进的修正剑桥模型,采用应力空间变换方法推导了柱孔卸荷收缩问题的弹塑性解答,得出了孔壁临塑支护荷载和孔壁颈缩的解析表达式。在此基础上,提出了维持孔壁稳定所需最小泥浆重度和孔壁稳定安全系数的计算方法,并对影响钻孔稳定性的因素进行了研究。研究结果表明,饱和软黏土中钻孔灌注桩孔壁卸荷屈服后,孔壁周围土体处于弹塑性状态,钻孔颈缩量大,孔壁稳定安全系数较小;在泥浆支护条件下,饱和软黏土中钻孔灌注桩孔壁稳定性取决于土体重度、超固结比、土体内摩擦角及泥浆重度等因素,而与钻孔深度和孔径无关;土体超固结比和内摩擦角越大,维持钻孔稳定所需的临界支护压力和最小泥浆重度越小。在实际工程中,应在保证最小泥浆重度的条件下结合工程具体情况合理选取泥浆比例。     

钻孔灌注桩泥浆流变性能评价方法探讨

粘度是评价钻孔灌注桩泥浆性能的重要参数之一。由于钻孔灌注桩桩径大,泥浆循环速度低,剪切速率低,评价石油钻井和地质勘探泥浆流变性能的方法不适合评价钻孔灌注桩泥浆粘度。首先分析了钻孔灌注桩循环速度,推出其剪切速率分布;然后分析了旋转粘度计的剪切速率,提出了低转速的粘度计更适合评价钻孔灌注桩泥浆;最后推导出了塑性粘度、有效粘度和动切力的计算公式,对准确评价钻孔灌注桩泥浆具有重要理论和实践意义。     

强渗透性地层旋挖钻施工混凝土灌注桩质量通病分析

对强渗透性地层旋挖钻进成孔混凝土灌注桩质量通病进行了分析,总结此类地层必须重视泥浆护壁质量对混凝土灌注桩施工质量的重大影响,必须重视钻斗的活塞抽吸对孔壁的破坏性,建议其验收标准中增加泥浆护壁质量验收,重视清孔后的孔径验收,不可完全沿用与旋挖钻孔泥浆护壁效果有着天壤区别的回转钻、潜水钻成孔混凝土灌注桩的质量验收标准。     

旋挖钻孔低粘降失水泥浆配制应用技术

在厚粘土、粉土、砂层进行旋挖钻孔灌注桩施工,通常由于泥浆孔口补给、泥浆不循环的工艺缺陷,导致塌孔、埋钻、卡钻、缩径、断桩事故频繁发生。在分析低粘、降失水、加速钻渣沉淀的解决机理的前提下,提出了配制低粘度、高降失水、防絮凝的铁铬盐-LV-CMC泥浆并同步孔底补浆工艺,可不需循环泥浆清孔,保证成孔质量,提高工作效率。     

喷射钻井泥浆的性能及其流态判定

本文指出:①泥浆必须具备减少循环系统(通道)的压力损失,提高携带岩粉的能力,保持孔壁稳定的流变特性和良好的剪切稀释、润滑性能,以及较低的比重和固相含量;②不同种类的流体,当处于不同的通道位置时,Re和Z值应有各自的计算公式,而且用Z值来断定泥浆由层流过渡到紊流的流态,与实际情况更相符合。     

钻孔灌注桩孔壁稳定性分析

根据土层的物理力学性质，地下水位及护壁泥浆等进行钻孔灌注桩孔壁稳定性分析，导出孔壁稳定性数学模型公式，并提出相应的护壁措施，防止孔壁的坍塌。     

旋挖钻进技术在澳门地下重型停车场工程中的应用

澳门地下重型停车场工程地段属人工堆填整平的山丘地形，地层结构从上而下为杂填土、冲积沙层、风化程度不同花岗岩带，使用旋挖钻机进行钻孔灌注桩施工时，因地层岩性因素，易出现漏浆、孔壁坍塌及埋钻事故。通过选用适岩性不同的钻头、合理埋设钢护筒位置、调配性能适宜的泥浆及规范混泥土灌注流程，保证了旋挖钻机在成孔过程中孔壁的稳定性，解决了塌孔埋钻问题，提高了钻孔灌注桩的成孔效率。     

涡阳单集S5-1孔上部地层坍塌处理实践及预防措施

针对钻探施工中泥浆性能不能抑制地层粘土分散要求时,钻孔上部地层孔壁失失稳而发生坍塌情况。通过对孔内地层特点和泥浆性能分析,提出选取广谱护壁剂作为主要泥浆处理剂,调整泥浆性能综合指标等措施,防止孔壁坍塌,保持孔壁稳定。     

破碎松软地层取心钻头孔底流场数值模拟及应用

复杂地层取心和孔壁稳定一直是困扰地质钻探界的2大技术难题。以汶川地震科钻为例,5个钻孔都在断裂带上,地层极破碎、松软。针对部分孔段取心率低问题,设计一种新型阶梯式隔水底喷取心钻头,利用CFD技术对钻头孔底流场进行数值分析,优化钻头排水槽结构、泥浆性能和水力参数,寻找一种最佳组合,为提高岩心采取率、预防堵心,提高孔壁的稳定性奠定基础。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861