连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法测定污水中铜镍铁

1实验部分1.1样品制备取20 mL污水样品,加入200μLφ=65%(体积分数,下同)的HNO3进行酸化,然后加入200μL 100 g/L LaCl3作为离子抑制剂。1.2测定方法制备好的样品直接用德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司的Contr AA(300连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱仪(配有SFS6分段流动注射装置和AS 52s自动进样器)进行测定。仪器工作条件见表1;元素测定条件见表2。表1仪器工作条件Table 1 Working parameters of the instrument元素测λ量/波nm长火类型焰(燃流L/气量h)助燃燃气气/比燃(宽m烧m度头)燃θ角/烧(度°头)燃(高m烧度m     

连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法测定井水中钙铁钾镁钠

1仪器及工作条件Contr AA 300连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱仪(FAAS,德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司),配有SFS 6分段流动注射和AS 52 s自动进样器,用于直接测定井水中的Ca、Fe、K、Mg和Na。仪器工作条件见表1;元素测量条件见表2。表1仪器工作条件元素测λ量/n波m长火类型焰(燃流L/气量h)助燃燃气气/比燃(宽m烧m度头)燃θ角/烧(度°头)燃(高m烧度m头)Ca 239.8559 Air/C2H260 0.130 50 0 7Fe 248.3270 Air/C2H265 0.135 50 0 8K 404.4140 Air/C2H260 0.130 50 0 8Mg 202     

连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法测定井水中钙铁钾镁钠

1仪器及工作条件Contr AA 300连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱仪(FAAS,德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司),配有SFS 6分段流动注射和AS 52 s自动进样器,用于直接测定井水中的Ca、Fe、K、Mg和Na。仪器工作条件见表1;元素测量条件见表2。表1仪器工作条件元素测λ量/n波m长火类型焰(燃流L/气量h)助燃燃气气/比燃(宽m烧m度头)燃θ角/烧(度°头)燃(高m烧度m头)Ca 239.8559 Air/C2H260 0.130 50 0 7Fe 248.3270 Air/C2H265 0.135 50 0 8K 404.4140 Air/C2H260 0.130 50 0 8Mg 202     

巯基棉分离富集—火焰原子吸收法测定铜精矿的铁矿石中银

试验了巯基棉吸附Ａｇ的条件，拟定了在１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＮＯ３介质中，巯基棉富集，２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ洗脱，火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铁矿，铜精矿，硫精矿及混合精矿中的Ａｇ的方法。     

发射模式连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定饮用水中的钠钾锂

实验在德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司的Contr AA连续光源原子吸收光谱仪上进行,仪器配有SFS 6分段流动注射和AS 52 s自动进样器,测定饮用水中的钠、钾、锂。为了在检出限和检测限附近低浓度范围进行校准,样品需用自动进样器进行自动稀释,并在测定时加入0.1%(质量分数)的CsC l/LaC l3和1.5%(体积分数)的HC l。待分析样品可以直接进行测定。1仪器工作条件设定Contr AA原子吸收光谱仪的工作条件见表1,元素测量条件见表2。表1仪器工作条件元素波长λ/nm火焰类型燃气流量(L/h)燃气/助燃气比燃烧头宽度(mm)燃烧头角度θ/(°)燃烧头高度(mm)Na 588.995 C2     

导数-原子捕集联用火焰原子吸收法测定粉煤灰中镉

研究并提出了将测定信号变化率的导数技术和浓缩待测原子的原子捕集技术与火焰原子吸收相联用于测定痕量镉的新技术。通过测定标准粉煤灰GBW08401和82201中痕量镉含量验证了该技术的可行性。与常规法相比，新方法的灵敏度和检出限可分别改善2～3个数量级和1～2个数量级(1～3分钟捕集条件下)。10次测定的相对偏差为6．26％～7．23％，回收率可达95％～104％。研究表明．此技术可成功地测定粉煤灰中的痕量镉。     

内标和快速共沉淀-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定食盐中的镉

探讨了用火焰原子吸收法测定以（2-吡啶偶氮）-2-萘酚-Ni（Ⅱ）为共沉淀体系，以Mn（Ⅱ）为内标，在pH=9．0的条件下快速共沉淀分离富集食盐中的痕量Cd。当试液为100mL时，方法的检出限为5．7μg/L，加标回收率为96％～101％，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=6）〈5％，基本消除了基体干扰。     

原子吸收法测定大洋沉积物中多种金属元素

应用火焰原子吸收法对大洋沉积物中的Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃｒ和Ｒｂ１３个元素进行直接测定，对测试工作条件、介质、酸度和共存元素干扰等方面进行了综合考察。各元素测定的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１０）≤１２％，经标准物质分析验证，结果与标准值相符，应用此法为待定值大洋沉积物标样ＧＳＭＳ＿２和ＧＳＭＳ＿３提供了定值数据，结果与初定值相符     

火焰原子吸收法连续测定磷矿石中多元素

火焰原子吸收法连续测定磷矿石中多元素陈国亮，张朝旭西北大学化工系西安７１００６９磷矿石中常含有多种共存元素，研究和测定其组成含量，对于提高磷肥质量、土壤改良和植物营养有着重要意义。目前，磷矿石中共存元素的测定大多采用容量法、比色法、火焰光度法，个别元...     

无载气氢化物发生－石英缝管捕集原子吸收光谱法测定地质试样中的铋

文章介绍石英缝管原子捕集技术在氢化物－火焰原子吸收光谱法测定Ｂｉ中的应用。采用自制的无载气氢化物发生装置，对实验条件进行了最佳化。实验结果表明，原子捕集技术的应用使氢化物－火焰原子吸收法的灵敏度提高２．２倍；方法检出限（３σ）达２．５ｎｇ；２０ｎｇ／ｍｌＢｉ的标准溶液１０次测定的ＲＳＤ为２．９％。方法用于地质标样中微量Ｂｉ的测定，结果与推荐值符合。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.