Urban planning and politics in Ghana

Through an analysis of Ghana’s political and administrative structure, which established the basis of urban planning practice, this paper shows how urban planning has failed to create liveable and functional cities in Ghana. This paper uses semi-structured interviews and agency consultations to supplement document reviews and news paper articles to address the dearth of research on the subject in Ghana. Findings show that dominant political elites, with little or no urban planning background, control and dictate urban planning activities resulting in chaotic scenes and urban blight across Ghanaian cities. Analyses here reinforce the growing recognition that urban planning outcomes in Ghana, and most African countries are not shaped by professional practice and do not reflect the aspirations of the community, but instead political elites. Urban planning agencies are left vulnerable as their activities are interfered, dictated and hindered by both traditional and mainstream political elites. This paper advocates for independence of urban planning agencies in the performance of their duties.     

华南地区基底组成与构造演化及其对成岩成矿的控制

综合分析已有区域地质资料,结合新的年龄测试数据,将华南地区基底岩系划分为3类5层：新太古-古元古代结晶基底(D1);中元古代变质基底(D2);新元古代青白口系(D3A)、新元古代青白口系至中下泥盆统(D3B)、新元古代青白口系至中下三叠统(D3C)的褶皱基底。自北而南划分出秦岭-大别-苏鲁、扬子、江南、南华、武夷-云开、华夏及康滇等不同构造单元。阐述了华南地区形成演化与全球18亿年的Columbia、10亿年的Rodinia、2.5亿年的Pangea超大陆、裂解、汇聚相吻合过程。提出了陆内造山带形成,一般都经历了裂解成盆、伸展拆离、收缩挤压、热隆成山阶段。形成的主要动力源,可能是在地球旋转所产生地球圈层差速旋转总动力背景前提下,由地幔差速环流所引发的岩石圈及地壳内各分层与界面伸展拆离所产生。总结了中新生代,主要是燕山运动在华南地区形成的新构造格局,及火山岩浆活动的分布广阔性、展布的方向性、时间的迁移性,岩性的分带性,侵位的规律性,显然与“东亚多向汇聚”及太平洋板块向西俯冲无关。将分布于华南地区主要金属矿床,分同生、内生、叠生3类,并就其矿床类型、形成条件、分布规律等作了初步归纳,就其控岩控矿特征及找矿方向提出了建议。     

地球化学平衡的理论和计算

本文系统地回顾了多相组分化学平衡的理论基础和计算方法，重点分析了当今流行的平衡常数法和自由能量小法的异同，证明了这些方法在原则上的同一性同时也证明了反应平衡常数和物种自由能之间的可互换怀，并指出了互换的方法。     

Grassland management and views of nature in China since 1949: regional policies and local changes in Uxin Ju, inner Mongolia

This paper surveys grassland management in China during the socialist period that began in 1949, examining state policies and local practices as well as views of nature underlying both. The case study is set in Uxin Ju, a Mongol-dominated community in western Inner Mongolia that enjoyed a national reputation in the 1960s for its enthusiasm in the campaign to transform its sandy land. This paper adopts a historical-cultural perspective. The grassland is a historical category whose formulation by the state has changed with the political-economic ideologies of the regime. At the same time, local views of the grassland have also changed, which facilitated the adoption of aggressive grassland practices. By examining grassland management and local change as a cultural process, this paper seeks to understand a dimension of grassland change that has not attracted much study in China. In several ways this paper contributes to the study of environmental history in socialist China. First, it adds to a complex appraisal of regional environmental change during the Mao era by demonstrating both grassland improvement and degradation in Uxin Ju. Second, this paper locates the agency of the local people in both predictable and surprising ways, both in resistance to and appropriation of state policies. Third, by covering the entire socialist period from 1949, this paper lends insights into the understanding of continuities and breaks in grassland management between the Mao (1949-1976) and post-Mao (1976-present) eras.     

2013年黑龙江、松花江暴雨洪水分析

2013年黑龙江、松花江分别发生1984、1998年以来最大的流域性洪水。针对此次暴雨洪水,概述了致洪暴雨的天气背景、降雨过程,重点从洪水过程、洪水组成、水利工程作用、历史大洪水对比及暴雨洪水特点等方面进行了分析总结,供流域防汛抗洪工作参考。     

西藏主要城镇地下水资源保证程度及开发利用方向

本文从阐述西藏主要城镇地下水资源分布及城镇集中供水水源的保证程度出发,提出了城镇地下水资源开发利用的主要方向和建立傍河型水源地的可行性。指出了城镇集中供水水源地地下水开采的主要适用形式。     

内蒙古阿拉善北部地区碰撞期和后造山期岩浆作用

本文重点研究内蒙古阿拉善北部地区塔里木板块与华北板块碰撞期及后造山期的岩浆作用。发生于２５１．３Ｍａ左右的热事件是碰撞期Ｃｓ型岩浆作用,仅分布于缝合线之北,其产物不是典型的Ｓ型花岗岩。岩体中片麻理构造及围岩中的透入性劈理是同碰撞期造山作用的构造形迹。发生于２２８Ｍａ左右的热事件是后造山期Ａ型岩作用,源岩是地下壳物质,按源岩差异研究的Ａ型花岗岩分为Ａｓ型和Ａｉ型。前者受陆壳中沉积物混染较强,而后者受     

Palestinians and pragmatic citizenship: Negotiating relationships between citizenship and national identity in diaspora

This paper puts forward the notion of pragmatic citizenship and forms part of the ongoing re-appraisals of citizenship in relation to national identity in an attempt to make it more relevant and inclusive for those with complex identities, legal status and, in particular, the stateless. Using the case study of Palestinians in Athens to discuss relationships between citizenship, identity and statehood, this paper argues that the notion of pragmatic citizenship can be useful in such re-conceptualisations as it can take into account the potentially ambivalent and multiple feelings of belonging that migrants and those in diaspora may have. In the process it stresses that strong notions of belonging and attachment to a territorialised homeland do not have to be exclusive or problematic. The paper outlines the complexity of Palestinian legal status in Athens and the feelings of injustice statelessness can provoke; it then describes the process of Palestinian acquisition of pragmatic citizenship in Greece. However, the final section of the paper highlights that such a notion of citizenship can have positive repercussions in terms of inclusive visions of a future one-state solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.     

混沌理论在水文领域中的研究现状及展望

本文对混沌理论在水文领域中的应用现状、存在的问题及未来的可能发展方向进行了研究。总结了水文时间序列在混沌识别、混沌预测、相空间参数估计、噪声处理和数据量大小等方面的研究成果和存在的问题，指出未来应该加强混沌与其它理论和方法的比较与结合，并且通过对多变量预测和重构系统动力学模型的深入研究，揭示水文系统混沌演化的基本规律及内在成因机制。     

福建温泉的特点及其热源,成因的探讨

主要介绍了福建温泉的水温,水量,水质,水热异常区大小,空间分布以及产出的地质,地貌的特点,对福建温泉的主要热源观点进行讨论,并对福建温泉的热源,成因和温泉的构造意义提出了初步的想法。     

各向异性介质正反演研究的新进展及展望

通常假设地球对地震波传播为各种向同性体，作出这样的假设纯属为数学计算方便，考虑各向异性有重要的理论和实际意义，首先简述了各向异性的成因及模式，然后综述了各向异性正反演研究的现状及最新成果，指出各向异性研究的动态，并阐述了广泛开展各向异性研究的重大意义。     

Regional gravity survey and application in oil and gas exploration in China

Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described; they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.     

石笋中的环境替代指标及其蕴含的古气候和古环境信息

在古气候和古环境的研究中,洞穴石笋已成为一种重要的研究载体.分别对其中的石笋微层厚度(即石笋的生长速度),石笋的断裂、坍塌和沉积间断,石笋中磁化率等物理替代指标以及石笋微层荧光性和灰度,稳定同位素,微量元素分布等化学替代指标进行了综述,其中化学替代指标分为有机地球化学指标和无机地球化学指标.对各指标存在的问题进行了探讨,同时对石笋在古气候变化中的研究前景进行了展望.     

河工动床模型存在问题及其解决途径

河工模型是解决江河治理及大型水利水电工程泥沙问题的主要手段。本文研究了河工动床模型设汁与试验过程中存在的几何变态、推移质泥沙级配选配、时间变态等问题,并提出了相应的解决途径和建议。     

工程勘察设计行业信息化建设问题反思及其新领域应用开发综述

本文通过对勘察设计行业信息化建设的深入思考,总结并提出了在设计院信息化建设七个领域应用开发的新思路。     

Between a rock and a hard place: Vulnerability and precarity in rural Nepal

Drawing on a local study on Nepal’s Terai, this paper explores the nature of livelihood exposure to shocks and stresses among rural households in two Village Development Committees in Sunsari District. The primary data are derived from a 117 household survey supplemented by 19 purposefully sampled follow-up interviews. The paper opens with a discussion of the changing nature of exposure in the global South, distinguishing between inherited vulnerability and produced precarity. We then provide background to the research site and the research methods. In the core empirical part of the paper we unravel and distinguish between the livelihood threats and opportunities faced by households in the area and use these to reflect on the nature of ’exposure’, its historical origins and contemporary (re)production. The final part of the paper uses the Nepal case to build a more general argument, proposing that if we are to understand the puzzle of continued livelihood exposure and uncertainty in the context of aggregate economic expansion we need to identify and interrogate the processes that may, at the same time, produce wealth and reduce vulnerability, while also generating precarity.     

定点式声学多普勒流速仪的应用难点与误差分析

定点式声学多普勒流速仪(简称"HADCP")在国内已较为普及,但对其应用却多停留在表面,鲜有人研究其测验误差控制及参数优化方法,影响HADCP测流精度。为解决HADCP使用中的一些疑难问题,从流速仪测验误差表现的三方面对HADCP的测流误差开展讨论。以测验误差为控制指标,对HADCP在使用中各个环节的误差来源及应用难点进行分析,并以多个实例阐明提高仪器应用精度的优化设置方法。按照所论及方法进行对照检查并合理优化,可减小测流误差,提高HADCP测流方案的整体精度。     

Meteorological and environmental effects on manufacturing in Jiangsu,China

This paper studies the border effects and sensitivity of the economic output of manufacturing in Jiangsu, China, caused by meteorological and environmental factors. The meteorological data, environmental data and annual manufacturing data of Jiangsu from 1993 to 2011 are used as input for this paper. Based on the Douglas production function and the grey correlation analysis method, this paper discusses the typical relationship among meteorological disaster factors, environmental regulations and the economic output of manufacturing in Jiangsu, China. The empirical analysis shows that the development of typical manufacturing in Jiangsu, China, is influenced by meteorological and environmental factors.     

湘南地区成矿规律及找矿预测

文章对湘南区带内各矿田找矿成果进行了归纳总结,并对其已有的多种地学成果信息进行了探索性研究,总结出了矿床地质特征、成矿系列类型、控矿因素及成矿模式,并大胆地进行了科学的预测定位,为湘南区带新一轮接替资源找矿提供新的认识和思路。