开放式空间数据库访问接口的开发应用

GIS应用的快速发展对异构空间数据库互联互访提出了更高的要求。本文对现有的多种异构空间数据库互操作模式进行了对比分析,指出了各种模式的特点及其不足,在此基础上,提出了一种开放式空间数据库互联互访(OGDC,Opening Geospatial Database Connectivity)的策略与规范,以及由各家GIS平台软件厂商共同制定标准接口,再由数据库开发厂商或数据提供厂商按照标准接口进行开发实现的新模式。本文对OGDC的设计思路、技术特点和应用情况进行了分析,设计了地理空间数据库的数据访问对象模型及接口,并使用国产空间数据库软件BeyonDB,对OGDC作了开发和实验验证。实验表明,OGDC可以较好地兼顾空间数据互联互访中系统功能、效率和易用性等方面的需求,为异构空间数据库的标准化共享和持续利用提供了一种较为可行的解决方案。     

基于国土空间开发约束性评价的石漠化区域发展研究——以广西大化瑶族自治县为例

石漠化在喀斯特岩溶地区尤为严重,是滇、黔、桂面临的重要生态问题之一。文章选取地形地势、土地资源、水资源、生态、环境、灾害等多项约束性评价因子,运用GIS空间分析方法,研究石漠化引起的生态环境脆弱性问题对空间开发的制约与影响,以期为石漠化区域的开发和空间管治提供参考。     

基于3S的西南石漠化时空变化分析——以环江毛南族自治县为例

基于遥感数据处理得到的环江县两期石漠化分类结果,分析了石漠化变化的基本特征.研究表明,石漠化变化主要集中在研究区的东北部和西南部,最显著的变化是非石漠化转变成潜在石漠化区域.从整体上看,环江县喀斯特区域石漠化面积有所增加,但增加量不大,基本处于平稳变化状态.     

西南喀斯特地区不同石漠化阶段土壤物理参数的变异研究

为了探索中国西南喀斯特地区石漠化过程中土壤物理性质的变异规律,采用野外采样与实验室分析相结合的方法,对贵州省荔波县及普定县不同石漠化阶段典型土壤的物理参数进行了研究。结果表明:土壤有机质质量分数随石漠化程度的加深逐渐减小;非石漠化土壤重度仅为6.15 N/m3,随着石漠化的发展,土壤重度逐渐增大,总孔隙度随之减小;石漠化的发展导致土壤黏粒含量升高;土壤水稳性团聚体质量分数及微团聚体的结构系数均随石漠化程度加深而减小;土壤有机质质量分数与重度、砂粒含量、大于5 mm团聚体含量及结构系数的相关系数分别为-0.921 2、0.827 7、0.907 2、0.899 3,均达到极显著水平。通过封山育林等措施增加喀斯特地区有机质积累可改善土壤物理性质,对防治石漠化具有重要意义。     

贵州石漠化与生态环境问题的探讨

贵州石漠化面积达3．48km^2,占全省土地面积的19．8％,干旱缺水造成土地生产率低,经济落后,加之不合理的人类活动又加剧了水土流失和石漠化,形成了恶性循环,使贵州生态环境日益恶化。文章对贵州省喀斯特地区土地石漠化分布特征及其成因进行了探讨和分析,并提出了相应的综合治理对策。     

西南喀斯特地区不同石漠化阶段土壤黏土矿物组成及其含量变异研究

为了探索西南喀斯特地区土壤中黏土矿物组成及其含量的变异规律,以贵州省普定县和荔波县不同石漠化阶段典型土壤的黏土矿物为例,采用X-射线衍射仪图谱分析方法,计算得到黏土矿物组成及其含量,探讨不同石漠化阶段黏土矿物组成变化规律及其含量之间的线性关系.结果表明:不同石漠化阶段黏土矿物的组成是相同的,均为高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石;在未石漠化、轻度石漠化、中度石漠化阶段,蒙脱石在剖面表层的质量分数分别为27.82％、29.34％、58.32％,高岭石分别为21.39％、31.81％、36.93％,伊利石分别为50.79％、38.85％、4.75％;在西南喀斯特地区,各石漠化阶段伊利石与蒙脱石的含量之间以及伊利石和高岭石的含量之间都呈显著的线性相关,相关系数分别为-0.970 3、-0.945 6;西南喀斯特地区土壤相似的成土作用和成土环境造成了黏土矿物相同的组成,而黏土矿物含量的差异说明各成土作用的程度或阶段是不同的;粉粒中的黏土矿物主要为石英和白云母,而砂砾中的黏土矿物主要为石英.     

基于遥感技术的石漠化调查研究

本文基于遥感技术,以最新时相的Landsat8卫星影像为数据源,通过综合运用监督分类和植被覆盖度的方法,以"室内与实地相结合、人机交互解译与计算机自动提取双结合"手段,对五万界岭幅进行岩性和石漠化解译,分析其形成的人为和自然因素,为制定喀斯特石漠化综合防治规划提供依据.     

一种从空间数据库中提取地理本体的方法

传统的GIS应用以空间数据库为中心进行组织,而舁构的空间数据库之间因为缺乏被计算机所理解的语义知识,很难解决日益增长的异构的GIS应用之间的互操作的需求.本体(ontology)技术被看成是解决不同应用系统之间的异构性以及互操作难题的一个重要途径.传统的地理本体需要通过领域专家人工建立.比较耗费时间.本文提出一种从已经存在的空间数据库中提取出地理本体的方法,来解决异构系统中本体获取困难的问题.     

MAPGIS土地利用数据库管理系统在土地利用数据库建设、管理中的应用

MAPGIS土地利用数据库管理系统是以MAPGIS为基础平台,面向县(市)级土地管理部门的系统软件.它包括MAPGIS地理信息系统平台、MAPGIS图形编辑、MAPGIS属性管理和土地利用数据库管理系统.MAPGIS是集数字制图和数据库管理为一体的空间信息系统,利用MAPGIS图形编辑强大的图层功能,可以方便、高效地进行基础数据的采集,它的数据库管理和空间分析查询检索、统计、分析、输出功能,为土地利用数据库的建设提供了强大的技术支持,本文结合MAPGIS土地利用数据库管理系统的特点和土地利用数据库建设、管理的要求,介绍了MAPGIS土地利用数据库管理系统在土地利用数据库建设和管理中的应用.     

福建省政务信息资源标准规范改造与集成

对电子政务的标准化和网络化推行,政务信息数据标准化改造和共享集成是基础。本文分析了福建省政务信息资源的现状,提出了省级政务信息资源标准化、规范化改造的信息共享、分类体系、交换接口和信息服务模式。开发了福建省政务信息共享平台,充分应用XMLWebServices技术,将政务数据库分别按空间数据库、关系数据库、文件数据和多媒体数据4种类型,将分布在各单位、各行业的异构数据库集成到共享平台,并采用面向信息服务的集成架构,将多个分布式异构数据库进行实时的XML格式化,依据不同的共享级别按4种服务方式集成到各个应用系统中,实现数据库与应用系统的整合,提高政务信息资源的共享利用与服务水平。     

DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC MONITORING AND VISUALIZATION MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM OF KARST LAND ROCKY DESERTIFICATION

In order to study the spatial-temporal change and environmental management of regional karst LUCC (land use and land cover change) and its causative environmental effect-rocky dcsertification by integrating qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and relying on RS, GIS and GPS (3S) techniques, karst land rocky derification dynamic monitoring and visualization management information system (KLRD.DMVM.IS) is framed, which includes design aim and structure model, function design, database design and model system design. The model system design gives priority to dynamic monitoring, drive force diagnosis, comprehensive evaluation and decision support of karst rocky desertification. From the viewpoint of model type, mathematic expression and its meaning, the dynamic monitoring models are concretely devised to reflect the spatial and temporal changing features and the trend of karst LUCC and rocky desertification. Taking Du‘an Yao Autonomic County of Guangxi as an example, the KLRD.DMVM.1S is systematically analyzed in the application of the process and trend of karst LUCC and rocky desertiflcation in Du‘an County, and it provides the technical support for the study on karst land rocky desertification.     

Human driving forces: Analysis of rocky desertification in karst region in Guanling County,Guizhou Province

Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems that threaten the sustainable development of southwestern China. It is caused by irrational and intensive land-use patterns in karst geo-ecological environment. Therefore, it is vital to identify how human forces work on this degraded environment. Based on the soil erosion information in 2000 and remote sensing images of Guanling County collected in 2000 and 2007, four grades of karst rocky desertification data in 14 villages of Guanling County were extracted. Impacts of population, affluence, and other human forces on karst rocky desertification were analyzed using STIRPAT model. The results show that: 1) Factors of population and affluence had strong influence on karst rocky desertification. In the STIRPAT model analysis, the population and affluence coefficients were positive, indicating that the increase in population and affluence would lead to more serious desertification. 2) Factors of farmer correlated with karst rocky desertification negatively, especially the way of viewing the relationship between people and nature, and the level of knowledge about rocky desertification. Government behavior was not a significant factor in this analysis. 3) The findings provide evidence that STIRPAT model can be used to analyze the relationship between human driving forces and rocky desertification.     

遥感石漠化信息的提取

石漠化信息提取是多种信息综合分析、反馈的过程。通过分析当前石漠化分级体系,对比喀斯特地区与石漠化范围、土地利用与石漠化关系,并结合当前石漠化信息提取关键技术研究认为:目前的石漠化分级体系在划分级别、分级指标、分级区域等方面存在巨大差异,将尺度划分引入石漠化等级体系是统一石漠化等级划分差异的有力途径;充分利用基于内容的特征识别算法进行喀斯区的圈定可以有效提高石漠化信息提取精度;利用已有的土地利用矢量数据,通过合理转换进行石漠化信息提取是重要研究思路;传统的建立石漠化解译标志、改进植被指数模型以及建立波谱关系模型等石漠化信息提取方法无法很好融合石漠化综合指征,提出基于遥感的石漠化综合指标度进行石漠化信息的提取方法。     

基于无人机航摄影像的喀斯特地区裸岩信息提取及景观格局分析

喀斯特地区不同石漠化等级的结构和格局是实现区域石漠化治理的重要基础信息,受技术手段的限制,目前这方面的研究进展仍非常缓慢。随着无人机技术的快速发展,高精度的地表信息获取越来越方便、且成本较低。本研究利用无人机影像,对比了基于像元的非监督和监督分类方法以及面向对象的分类方法在裸岩信息提取中的表现,发现面向对象分类结果具有更高精度。基于获得的裸岩分布信息的研究结果表明：① 岩石平均斑块面积与裸岩率呈负相关的关系,岩石斑块个数与裸岩率呈正相关关系;② 通过对比不同裸岩率（11%、20%、29%和48%）基质的景观斑块指数、景观形状指数和景观破碎度指数对不同裸岩率的景观分布的影响,从而表明了在不同的石漠化地区随着裸岩率的增加,岩石形状指数与岩石破碎度指数均逐渐增加,进而表明石漠化程度越严重;③ 裸岩率不同的地区表现不同的分布形态和斑块特征,裸岩率越高,岩石越破碎,斑块分布较为分散。小尺度斑块景观格局与区域的生态过程有着重要关系,开展小尺度景观格局的研究会深化区域尺度石漠化发展过程的理解。石漠化地区的小尺度斑块景观格局变化影响区域的生态过程,对以后的石漠化过程以及未来石漠化演变的发展有重要的启示作用。     

Human Driving Forces:Analysis of Rocky Desertification in Karst Region in Guanling County,Guizhou Province

Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems that threaten the sustainable development of southwestern China. It is caused by irrational and intensive land-use patterns in karst geo-ecological environment. Therefore, it is vital to identify how human forces work on this degraded environment. Based on the soil erosion information in 2000 and remote sensing images of Guanling County collected in 2000 and 2007, four grades of karst rocky desertification data in 14 villa...     

Rocky Desertification Risk Zone Delineation in Karst Plateau Area： A Case Study in Puding County, Guizhou Province

Karst rocky desertification is a geo-ecological problem in Southwest China. The rocky desertification risk zone delineation could be used as a guide for the regional and hierarchical rocky desertification management and prevention. We chose the middle and lower reaches of the Houzhai underground basin on the karst plateau in Puding County, Guizhou Province, China as the study area and selected land use type, elevation, slope, aspect, lithology and settlement buffer as the main driving factors of the rocky desertification. The potential risk of rocky desertification was quantified with the factor-weights union method and statistical analysis method. Five grades of rocky desertification risk were delineated based on Geographic Information System. The extremely low, low, moderate, high and extremely high rocky desertification risk zones accounted for 5.01%, 44.17%, 33.92%, 15.59% and 1.30%, respectively. As a whole, the rocky desertification risk level was moderate because the area of low and moderate rocky desertification risk zones occupied 78.09% of the study area. However, more than half of the area (about 50.81%) was predicted to have moderate rocky desertification risk and above, indicating that the study area was subject to rocky desertification. Rocky desertification risk was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest of the study area. Distinct differences in the distribution of rocky desertification risk zones corresponding to different factors have been found.     

Rocky land desertification and its driving forces in the karst areas of rural Guangxi,Southwest China

With a subtropical climate, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has a typical karst landscape. Rocky desertification has become a serious environmental issue due to its high vulnerability caused by the joint effect of natural settings and human activities, because of which its eco- environment has been deteriorated in recent years, and farmland has been disappearing sharply at the same time. This, in turn, has exacerbated the poverty level in the rural areas of the region. In this study, we monitored the spatial distribution of rocky land desertification and its temporal evolution using Landsat TM/ETM images of 1985, 1995, 2000 and 2005. We also analyzed the driving forces of the desertification and its expansion. Through constructing regression models by using all the relevant variables and considering the lagged effects as well as fixed effects, we quantified the exact role of different factors causing rocky land desertification in the study area with some new findings. The new findings in this study are greatly helpful for preserving, restoring and reconstructing the degraded mountain environment in Guangxi and other karst areas in Southwest China, and also for alleviating poverty in the rural areas in the future.     

干旱半干旱地区土地沙漠化信息系统的设计与应用

“数字地球”战略的提出得到各界人士的广泛关注,并从各自专业角度献计献策。但“数字地球”战略的实施必须以区域或专题为切入点。本文从我国干旱半干旱地区沙漠化比较严峻及西部大开发以生态环境建设为目标的背景出发,结合研究区的自然、人文特征,设计干旱半干旱地区沙漠化信息系统的总体结构、功能、模型,系统包括数据库管理子系统、土地沙漠化信息查询子系统、模型库管理子系统等。系统设计的同时选择典型示范区进行了实践。结果表明,系统在其数据项相关性方面已满足本专题GIS系统的功能和模型的要求,本系统可为生态环境恶化、土地沙漠化预测与评估以及决策部门及时采取防治措施和对策。提供迅速、动态的信息和技术支撑。     

Variations in sap flow of Zenia insignis under different rock bareness rate in North Guangdong,China

Understanding the impact of rock bareness on the transpiration in karst plants is essential to karst rocky desertification control and sustainable management of plantation in karst area.This study focused on the variations in sap flow of Zenia insignis caused by different rock bareness rate,and the impact of climate factors,soil water content(SWC)and leaf area index(LAI) on transpiration in karst plants,by continuously measuring sap flux densities (Fcd)of 12 sample trees using thermal dissipation probes and monitoring micrometeorology and SwC on a typical karst hill in north Guangdong of China during the year of 2016.Results show that:(1)the maximum hourly sap flux density occurred at11:00-14:00 and the peak daily sap flux density occurred in September.(2)Sap flow density of Zenia insignis increased with rock bareness rate at all hourly,daily and monthly scales,with the sequence of extremely severeseveremoderatemild rock bareness.(3)The transpiration of Zenia insi.gnis is controlled by different factors at different temporalscales.At hourly scale,transpiration was highly(n=144,R~20.72)correlated to Solar radiation(Rs),Air temperature(Ta),relative humidity(RH),and water vapor pressure deficit(VPD).At daily scale,transpiration was greatly(n=366,R20.31)affected by Solar radiation(Rs),Air temperature(Ta),and water vapor pressure deficit (VPD).While at monthly scale,transpiration was mainly(n=12,R~2=0.85)controlled by LAI.Our study proved that Zenia insi.gnis has a good physiecological adaption to fragile karst environment,and Zenia insignis plantation has long-term sustainability even in extremely rocky landscapes.The results may provide scientific basis for plantation management and ecological restoration in karst area.