沂沭断裂带中生代青山群火山岩地球化学特征及其岩石成因

以沂沭断裂带安丘地区中生代青山群火山岩为研究对象,在进行系统的元素-同位素分析的基础上,探讨其岩浆源区和岩石成因。安丘火山岩SiO2含量变化于56.5%~65.8%,主要为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,岩石组合为英安岩和粗面安山岩;安丘火山岩富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素,显示富集但变化范围较大的Sr-Nd同位素组成((~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)t=0.708 7~0.710 7,εNd(t)=-13.7~-5.93)。综合分析表明,安丘火山岩为大陆下地壳物质经拆沉作用于地幔环境中发生部分熔融作用,与上地幔岩石发生交代作用后进入地表形成,且其源区中可能有软流圈物质的加入。     

沂沭断裂带北段早白垩世高钾钙碱性火山岩地球化学特征与岩石成因

沂沭断裂带内发育了大量的中生代火山岩,其成因研究对剖析断裂带活动规律具有重要意义。本文对断裂带北段潍坊、安丘、鄌郚地区中生代火山岩进行了详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析。探讨了沂沭断裂带中生代火山岩成因及其形成的地球动力学过程。断裂带北段火山岩年龄集中在131~124Ma之间,喷发于早白垩世。岩石为一套高钾钙碱性火山岩,包括玄武安山岩、粗安岩、粗面岩、英安岩。火山岩富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。稀土元素含量高（∑REE=140.5×10^-6~433.1×10^-6）,富集轻稀土、亏损重稀土（∑LREE/∑HREE=9.8~31.0）,无明显的Eu负异常。火山岩具有富集且变化范围较大的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成,（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i=0.708054~0.711692,ε_Nd（t）值为-15.3~-7.4,（²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i=17.213~17.962,（²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i=15.425~15.590,（²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i=37.597~38.365。研究表明,高钾钙碱性火山岩的源区与区域基性岩源区一致,均为富集岩石圈地幔。玄武安山岩、粗安岩、粗面岩经基性岩浆分离结晶作用形成,英安岩则遭受了华北下地壳强烈混染。三叠纪末期,由于扬子板块向华北克拉通俯冲,扬子地壳析出的流体/熔体交代了华北古老岩石圈地幔,形成富集岩石圈地幔。早白垩世,受古太平洋板块俯冲和后撤作用,富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成基性岩浆,岩浆在上升过程中发生分离结晶作用,受沂沭断裂深切作用影响,部分地区遭受华北下地壳混染,最终形成区内各类高钾钙碱性火山岩。

     

安徽庐枞中生代富钾火山岩成因的地球化学制约

庐枞中生代火山岩产于下扬子断裂坳陷带的继承式火山盆地中，主要为一套以粗面玄武岩－玄武粗安岩－安粗岩－粗面岩为主体的偏碱质中基性岩石组合。化学成分上具有富碱、富钾、富轻稀土及大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Th、Pb)和贫高场强元素（如Nb、Ti)等特点。在郯庐断裂中南段及其邻近地区的中生代火山岩中，庐枞盆地火山岩的特征最接近钾玄岩系火山岩。这套火山岩具有较高的ISr值（0.70570-0.70653)及偏低的εNd(t)值（－5.01～-9.96)。火山岩产出地质背景的全面分析及元素－同位素的综合示踪，排除了岩浆上升过程中存在强烈的地壳物质的混染，富钾火山岩的岩浆源区应为受俯冲板片析出流体交代作用所形成的富集地幔（EMI），岩石主要起源于富集型地幔的部分熔融。     

沂沭断裂带高桥盆地早白垩世火山岩的地球化学及岩石成因

沂沭断裂带内高桥盆地早白垩世火山岩SiO2含量为51.97%～68.94%;由玄武粗安岩、 粗面岩和流纹岩组成;都属于碱性岩。岩石富集Rb、 Ba、 K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素;相对亏损Nb、 Ta、 Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素;并具有富集的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成。钾质粗面岩具有高稀土Cr、 Ni含量、 La/Yb、Sr/Y和Th/U高比值;这类似于华北克拉通东南缘早白垩世富集岩石圈来源的基性岩（如方城玄武岩、 沂南辉长岩）;其可能主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融。与之相比;钠质玄武粗安岩具有低Cr、 Ni含量 、 87Sr/86Sr（t）、 Th/U和高εNd（t）值;表明它可能由岩石圈地幔熔体与软流圈物质混合而成。沂沭断裂带高桥盆地火山岩形成于岩石圈伸展背景下;沂沭断裂带的活动可能诱使软流圈物质的上涌;导致岩石圈地幔升温发生部分熔融;并为软流圈物质的上升提供了通道。     

大别造山带北缘后碰撞富钾火山岩：地球化学与岩石成因

大别造山带北缘晚中生代富钾火山岩分布在磨子潭-晓天断裂以北的上叠式火山盆地中，主要为一套以钾玄岩-粗安岩-安粗岩-粗面岩为主体的中偏碱性岩石组合，晚期出现少量碱性火山岩。化学成分上具有富碱、富钾、贫钛、氧化系数较高等特点。岩石的Rb、Ba、Th、Pb等大离子亲石元素含量高，富轻稀土，La/Nb、Ba/Nb及LREE/HREE比值高，并且有显著的Nb、Ti负异常和Pb正异常，而铕异常则不明显。富钾火山岩的Isr值较高（=0.70872-0.70895）,εNd(t)值显著偏低（=-14.62--18.51）。根据对岩石产出动力地质背景及地球化学特征的综合分析，结合同位素组成的混合模拟，表明本区富钾火山岩最可能起源于受俯冲陆壳析出流体交代作用所形成的富集地幔（EM I）的部分熔融。     

羌塘岩带碰撞后超钾质火山岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

羌塘超钾质火山岩为板块碰撞后的产物,地球化学特征表明,其同时具有板内火山岩和俯冲带岛弧火山岩的双重地球化学特性。化学组成上富含轻稀土和大离子亲石元素而亏损Cr、Ni等相容元素。在成因上受分离结晶作用和源区混合作用共同制约。源区为受古俯冲上地壳物质和下地幔上升流体交代混合的EMII型富集地幔端元,可能富含角闪石和金云母等矿物。     

沂沭断裂带及其近区的地震成因岩石新认识

将沂沭断裂带及其附近地区的地震成因岩石划分为四种类型,它们是具有地震成因构造的震积岩、震断层构造岩、震火山岩及隐爆地震角砾岩.前两类是构造地震的记录,而后两类是火山地震及隐爆火山地震的记录.由于震断层构造岩沿长期活动性断层分布,大多遭受了若干期强地震活动的改造,所以不易确定其最初的形成时期.因此,笔者重点对分布于沂沭断裂地震带及附近的其它三类地震成因岩石(包括震积岩、震火山岩和隐爆地震角砾岩)作了研究,论述了三类地震成因岩石的特征、时空分布、反映的地震作用机理及意义.认为:地震成因岩石不仅是强地震事件和激烈构造活动的记录;而且,因为由强地震形成的不同等级断层和裂隙构成了一个高渗透性的能够沟通不同深度石油和成矿流体的网络,所以深入研究地震成因岩石有助于完善大断裂地震带及近区的石油聚集与成矿理论.     

郯庐断裂带渤海段与沂沭断裂带衔接关系

以郯庐断裂带渤海段和沂沭断裂带的衔接点潍北凹陷为切入点,依据高精度大地电磁和地震剖面,解析了潍北凹陷的多条断裂,并结合地层发育等特征,研究渤海段中生代断裂活动及其与沂沭断裂带的构造关系。研究认为这些断裂可能属于不同的断裂体系。在潍北凹陷解析出的郯西(Fa)和郯东(Fb)两条断裂为古近纪正断裂系,呈现上陡下缓的勺状形态,消失在中地壳,切割部位较浅,主要控制新生界沉积。新生代正断裂系下部发育有6条显著的中生代断裂(F1—F6),为中生代伸展断裂系,其中东(F6)、西(F1)两条断裂的断裂面整体近直立,切穿深部的下地壳,并向下继续延伸,与中间4条断裂共同控制中生界沉积。结合区域地质背景和重磁延拓等资料,推断其向南分别与沂沭断裂带西支鄌郚—葛沟断裂和东支昌邑—大店断裂相衔接,向北伸入渤海湾盆地深部,并对浅部古近纪正断裂系的形成演化具有明显的约束作用。      

西藏高原西北缘钾质火山岩地球化学特征及其地质涵义

西藏高原西北缘钾质火山岩属橄榄玄粗岩(shoshonite)系列。其K-Ar同位素年龄变化于0.28~7.79Ma,属中新世末—更新世;其K2O/Na2O几乎均>1,Mg#值有较宽的范围(从0.51~0.64),且具有较低的Cr,Ni含量(均≤326×10-6)。它们代表着经历了不同程度分异演化的岩浆结晶产物。研究区钾质火山岩(shoshon-ites)以高度富集LREE和LILE(K,Rb,Sr,Ba,Th)以及高度亏损HREE和HFSE(Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf,Ti)等元素为特征。(La/Yb)n高达29.82~84.94。钾质火山岩对球粒陨石标准化的REE配分型式均为向右陡倾的LREE富集型。对原始地幔标准化的痕量元素蛛网图均具有明显的Nb,Ta,Ti负异常。钾质火山岩具有较高的87Sr/86Sr(0.707755~0.710426)和较低的143Nd/144Nd(0.51196~0.512439)比值。上述特征表明这些火山岩来源于富集的地幔源区。钾质火山岩较高的Ba/Nb比值(40.84~97.28)、较高的Th/Ta及Ce/Yb比值(131~366)、和较低的Nb/Y比值(0.9~3.3),结合Th/Yb-Ta/Yb及(Th×100)/Zr-(Nb×100)/Zr判别图,提示了它们也形成于活动大陆边缘,但与其伴生的钙碱性火山岩为早期与俯冲作用有关的火山岩,而钾质火山岩则为晚期岩石圈拆沉作用的产物。     

鲁西北西向断裂系与沂沭断裂带晚中生代演化关系及其动力学背景探讨

晚中生代是华北地块构造演化的转折时期。由出露于沂沭断裂带、鲁西地体、鲁东地体的中生代地层、岩浆,结合断裂活动年代学、区域地质等资料分析,可以将沂沭断裂带晚中生代构造演化划分出距今约160Ma、130～110Ma、90～80Ma等3个关键时期,并分别与左行压剪、左行张剪、右行压剪构造活动相对应。晚中生代沂沭断裂带与鲁西北西向断裂系间的几何学、运动学、年代学的共轭匹配关系表明,它们为特定构造动力学背景下形成的一组共轭断裂系。同时对鲁东地体晚中生代构造演化、鲁东北西向断裂系特征,以及沂沭断裂带、北西向断裂系晚中生代构造演化的动力学背景进行探讨。     

Petrogenesis of Cenozoic Potassic Volcanic Rocks in the Nangqen Basin

The Nangqen basin is one of the Tertiary pull-apart basins situated in the east of the Qiangtang block.Similar to the adjacent Dengqen basin and Baxoi basin, there occurred a series of potassic volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks, ranging from basic, intermediate to intermediate-acid in lithology.Based on the study of petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry, including REEs, trace elements, isotopic elements and chronology, the authors concluded that the Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in the Nangqen basin were formed in the post-collisional intraplate tectonic settings. The relations between the basic, intermediate and intermediate-acid rocks are neither differentiation nor evolution, but instead the geochemical variability is mainly attributable to the different partial melting degrees of the mantle sources formed at depths of 50-80 km.The sources of the potassic rocks are enriched metasomatic mantle that has experienced multiple mixing of components mainly derived from the crust. The recycling model can b     

Petrogenesis of Cenozoic Potassic Volcanic Rocks in the Nangqên Basin

The Nangqên basin is one of the Tertiary pull‐apart basins situated in the east of the Qiangtang block. Similar to the adjacent Dengqên basin and Baxoi basin, there occurred a series of potassic volcanic and sub‐volcanic rocks, ranging from basic, intermediate to intermediate‐acid in lithology. Based on the study of petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry, including REEs, trace elements, isotopic elements and chronology, the authors concluded that the Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in the Nangqên basin were formed in the post‐collisional intraplate tectonic settings. The relations between the basic, intermediate and intermediate‐acid rocks are neither differentiation nor evolution, but instead the geochemical variability is mainly attributable to the different partial melting degrees of the mantle sources formed at depths of 50–80 km. The sources of the potassic rocks are enriched metasomatic mantle that has experienced multiple mixing of components mainly derived from the crust. The recycling model can be described as follows: after they had subducted to the mantle wedge, the crust‐derived rocks were metasomatized with the mantle materials. In view of the fact that the ratio of crust‐derived rocks increases by the age of volcanism, it can be concluded that the sources of the potassic rocks moved upwards progressively with time. The underplating of small scattered magmas upwelling from the asthenosphere may have induced partial melting of the sources of the volcanic rocks in some pull‐apart basins in the Hengduanshan area and the intense tectonic movements of large‐scale strike‐slip belts provided conduits for the ascending melts.     

大兴安岭中南段中生代中基性火山岩岩石学地球化学研究

大兴安岭中南段中生代火山岩的成因和形成时的构造背景涉及南蒙古-兴蒙造山带的后期构造演化及区内众多的铜、银多金属矿床的形成,因而对其成因的研究具有重要意义。在野外工作基础上,对大兴安岭中南段中生代中基性火山岩进行了较为系统的岩石学和元素地球化学研究。结果表明,火山岩的岩石类型为玄武粗安岩、粗面安山岩、英安岩及粗面岩,属钙碱性岩石系列;玄武粗安岩、粗面安山岩、英安岩及粗面岩的常量元素以富集SiO2,Na2O,K2O和亏损Fe2O3,FeO,MgO,CaO等为特征,微量元素以富集亲石元素和亏损铁族元素及Nb,Ta为特征;火山岩的稀土元素分配模式为轻稀土富集型;(^87Sr／^86Sr)．为0．7045～0．7077,且主要集中在0．7045～0．7055的区间内,εNd(t)多数为正值。火山岩是地幔物质部分熔融的产物,形成于张性构造环境,它们是天山一兴安造山带后造山期软流圈或地幔柱上涌所引起的岩石圈伸展作用、内蒙古-吉黑印支造山带造山期后的伸展作用和蒙古-鄂霍茨克残余洋“剪刀式”闭合所形成的拉张作用等综合效应的响应事件。     

Geochemistry of the Cenozoic Potassic Volcanic Rocks in the West Kunlun Mountains and Constraints on Their Sources

The geochemical characteristics of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the north Pulu, east Pulu and Dahongliutan regions in the west Kunlun Mountains are somewhat similar as a whole. However, the volcanic rocks from the Dahongliutan region in the south belt are geochemically distinguished from those in the Pulu region (including the north and east Pulu) of the north belt. The volcanic rocks of the Dahongliutan region are characterized by relatively low TiO2 abundance, but more enrichment in alkali, much more enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithosphile elements than those from the Pulu region. Compared with the Pulu region, volcanic rocks from the Dahongliutan region have relatively low 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and high εNd, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb. Their trace elements and isotopic data suggest that they were derived from lithospheric mantle, consisting of biotite- and hornblende-bearing garnet lherzolite, which had undertaken metasomatism and enrichment. On the primitive mantle-normali     

Potash–rich Magmatism and Associated Gold-Copper Mineralization in the Yishu Deep Fault Zone and Its Vicinity, Eastern China

Abstract: The Mesozoic potash‐rich volcanic rocks which hosted several gold or gold (copper) deposits are widely distributed around the Yishu deep fault zone, eastern China. Lithologically, these rocks include basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite, latite and trachyte, of which the trachyandesite and latite are the predominant rock types. Whole‐rock Rb‐Sr isochron ages and ⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar plateau dates of them are 108.2 ? 119.6 Ma and 114.7 ? 124.3 Ma, respectively. Chemically, they are characterized by high and variable Al₂O₃ contents, high K₂O+Na₂O values, and high K₂O/Na₂O and Fe₂O₃/FeO ratios. The rocks also have enriched LILE and LREE concentrations, low HFSE abundance, and display extraordinary Sr‐Nd isotope signatures (I_Sr = 0.7084 ? 0.7125, ε_Nd(t) = ‐9.43 ? ?18.07). Integrated geological and geochemical data suggest that they were formed in a continental‐arc setting and most likely originated from the partial melting of enriched mantle which was induced by source contamination of subducted continental crustal materials. Gold (copper) deposits in this district are closely related to Mesozoic volcanic‐subvolcanic magmatism. They are frequently located either at the margin or adjacent to the volcanic basins. Most of them are spatially associated with maar‐diatreme systems and/or flow‐dome complexes. The formations of two gold (copper) deposits, the Qibaoshan breccia pipe‐porphyry type Au‐Cu deposit and the Guilaizhuang tellurium‐gold type epithermal Au deposit, have been proved to be in close relation with potash‐rich magmatism. The genetic relations between potash‐rich magmatism and Cu‐Au mineralization is still quite unclear. Detailed review of the previous works demonstrates that the high contents of volatiles (such as H₂O, CO₂, S, F and Cl, especially F and Cl) and the high oxidation state of the potash‐rich magmas may be the main favorable factors for the formation of the Cu‐Au deposits.     

五大连池钾质火山岩中的壳源捕虏体特征及地质意义

黑龙江省五大连池钾质火山岩石中普遍含有壳源捕虏体和捕虏晶,并多赋存于火山集块、浮岩砾、火山渣等各级火山碎屑物及盾状台地的表皮相到内部相火山熔岩中。花岗岩质捕虏体一般大小为5～50cm,捕虏晶一般为0.2～5mm,成分以二长花岗岩为主,少见花岗闪长岩及黑云母英云闪长岩和少量砂岩捕虏体。石英、斜长石、少数钾长石捕虏晶见于各期火山碎屑(物)和熔岩中,其中以石英捕虏晶最为常见。壳源捕虏体中的代表性矿物及浅色玻璃电子探针分析结果表明,火山岩SiO2偏高是岩浆上涌喷发过程中捕获了大量壳源物质的结果。五大连池火山群富钾火山岩岩石化学、地球化学长期保持均一,说明其岩浆直接来自EMⅠ型钾质地幔,岩浆在上升过程中遭受了地壳物质的明显混染。     

大别-苏鲁造山带南北两侧晚中生代富钾火山岩的成因：微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素制约

大别-苏鲁造山带南、北两侧广泛发育晚中生代富钾火山岩，主要岩石组合为粗面玄武岩-玄武粗安岩-粗安岩-安粗岩姐面岩，这套岩石总体具有富碱、富钾、富轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Th等)，贫高场强元素(如Nb、Ti等)，(^87Sr／^86Sr)，值偏高，εNd(t)值偏低等特点，但南、北两侧富钾火山岩的地球化学特征存在较显著的差异，主要表现在造山带北侧富钾火山岩稀土总量更高，轻、重稀土分异更明显，且(^87Sr／^86Sr)，值更高，eNd(t)值和^206Pb/^204Pb值显著偏低。元素-同位素综合示踪显示，区内富钾火山岩均起源于富集地幔的部分熔融，但南、北两侧源区地幔的富集机制存在差异，南侧富集地幔的形成主要与俯冲洋壳析出流体的交代作用有关，而北侧富集地幔的形成除受到俯冲洋壳析出流体的交代作用外，在更大程度上主要起因于俯冲的扬子陆壳析出流体的交代作用，即其源区遭受了多次富集事件的影响，后者是导致南、北两侧富钾火山岩地球化学特征差异的主要原因。     

Geochemistry, U-Pb Geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopes of the Early Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Da Hinggan Mountains

Whole-rock geochemical, zircon U-Pb geochronological and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data are presented for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the northern Da Hinggan Mountains. The volcanic rocks generally display high SiO2(73.19–77.68 wt%) and Na2O+K2O(6.53–8.98 wt%) contents, with enrichment in Rb, Th, U, Pb and LREE, and depletion in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. Three rhyolite samples, one rhyolite porphyry sample, and one volcanic breccia sample yield weighted mean 206Pb/238 U ages of 135.1±1.2 Ma, 116.5±1.1 Ma, 121.9±1.0 Ma, 118.1±0.9 Ma and 116.9±1.4 Ma, respectively. All these rocks have moderate(87Sr/86Sr)i values of 0.704912 to 0.705896, slightly negative εNd(t) values of –1.4 to –0.1, and positive εHf(t) values of 3.7 to 8. Their zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic model ages range from 594 to 1024 Ma. These results suggest that the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks were originated from melting of subducted oceanic crust and associated sediments during the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.     

藏北高原新生代火山岩地球化学系列划分及成因分析

根据K—Ar法和Ar-Ar法定年数据，藏北新生代火山岩从早到晚可划分为多格错仁和走构油茶错高钾钙碱性系列(40—30Ma)、巴毛穷宗和鱼鳞山白榴石碧玄岩—响岩系列(29—24Ma)以及黑石北湖钾玄岩系列(1．5Ma)。从岩石化学和同位素方面对区内新生代火山岩进行了研究，认为藏北新生代火山岩同时具有板内碱性玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩的双重地球化学特征。在成因和源区上各系列存在着差异，高钾钙碱性系列为富集地幔玄武岩底侵作用导致地壳物质部分熔融的产物，并经历了地壳的AF过程。而白榴石碧玄岩—响岩系列和钾玄岩系列来自与古俯冲有关的“古老富集地幔”，为岩浆分离结晶作用的产物。岩浆起源深度随时间变新逐渐变大。