Fluid flow in cataclastic thrust fault zones in sandstones, Sub-Andean Zone, southern Bolivia

The Bolivian Sub-Andean Zone (SAZ) corresponds to a Neogene thrust system that affects an about 10-km thick Palaeozoic to Neogene siliciclastic succession. The analysis of macro and microstructures and cement distribution in thrust fault zones shows that they are sealed by quartz at depths >3 km, due to local silica transfer by pressure-solution/precipitation activated at temperatures >70–90 °C. At shallower depths, faults have remained open and could be preferential drains for lateral flow of carbonate-bearing fluids, as shown by the occurrence of carbonate cements in fractures and their host-sandstone. Due to decreasing burial, resulting from foothill erosion during fault activity, critically buried fault segments can be affected by non-quartz-sealed structures that post-date initial quartz-sealed structures. The integration of textural, fluid inclusion and isotopic data shows that carbonates precipitated at shallow depth (<3 km), low temperature (<80 °C) and relatively late during the thrusting history. Isotopic data also show that precipitation occurred from the mixing of gravity-driven meteoric water with deeper formation water bearing carbonate carbon derived from the maturation of hydrocarbon source rocks (Silurian and Devonian shales). The combined microstructural and isotopic analyses indicate that: (i) fluid flow in fault zones often occurred with successive pulses derived from different or evolving sources and probably related to episodic fault activity, and (ii) at a large-scale, the faults have a low transverse permeability and they separate thrust sheets with different fluid histories.     

利用包裹体分析鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界油气充注史与古流体势

对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界110块砂岩样品中流体包裹体进行了荧光、温度和流体势分析。系统分析表明,鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气具有多阶连续性运聚特征,虽可划分6期,但应为多期充注一期成藏。各区块不断运移平衡连续成藏。不同时期流体势走向不尽相同,榆林、神木、乌审旗等地区为油气长期指向区。     

利用有机包裹体探讨塔里木盆地依奇克里克构造带下侏罗统油气运移与油气藏的存储条件

本文主要是对塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部的依奇克里克构造、克拉苏及吐格尔明三个构造带砂岩储层中包裹体进行了研究。利用包裹体的均一温度、有机包裹体的显微镜荧光特征、气相色谱、激光拉曼的成分分析,重点讨论了依奇克里克构造带成藏条件。通过对研究区储层中包裹体研究结合油气藏的分布特征认为在库车坳陷东部储层物性不是油气成藏的关键因素,封存条件才是控制该区油气能否成藏的决定因素。断层断在地层内部,对成藏有利,而地层产状较直立,断层直通到近地表,油气沿断层向上运移逃逸,包裹体是最好的证据。由储层包裹体温度、荧光特征和成分上的差异显示出在依奇克里克构造带至少有二次油气运移,第一期有机质低成熟时有过少量的油气运移,大量的油气运移是第二期。爆裂法进行群体包裹体气相色谱分析结果,显示出两个高峰区域,两个高峰区分别反应了轻烃与重烃“C”数上的差异,利用了514nm 和785nm两个激光波长,进行了激光拉曼分析,其测试结果显示出,断层开启的样品包裹体中 H_2O 都很高,CO_2含量很低,断层封闭的样品 H_2O 部很低,CO_2含量高,以次来判别储层的封闭条件。     

三塘湖盆地流体包裹体研究及其应用

通过镜下观察,并对流体包裹体岩相学特征、不同包裹体组合特征和显微测温等方面进行分析,可以确定不同产状内包裹体形成的先后关系,同时依据烃类包裹体特征可以分析储层的烃类组成、烃类充注史、古流体压力和古流体势。根据三塘湖盆地包裹体岩相学特征、组合类型以及与烃类包裹体伴生盐水包裹体的均一温度,不同微裂隙内的包裹体按照其产状可分为两类：网状微裂隙内捕获的包裹体和单向微裂隙内捕获的包裹体。根据不同产状内的包裹体特征,分析得出它们是由不同流体来源在不同时期捕获的。根据古地温演化趋势图,通过测温数据推算三塘湖盆地务湖凹陷内大量烃类包裹体被捕获的时间在晚侏罗世,马朗凹陷内大量烃类包裹体被捕获的时间在晚白垩世。在计算包裹体流体势基础上做出古流体势图,显示各凹陷的北部较利于油气聚集,预测位于油气运聚路线上的马中构造带是有利油气聚集区。     

K-Ar dating of episodic Mesozoic fluid migrations along the fault system of Gernsbach between the Moldanubian and Saxothuringian (Northern Black Forest,Germany)

Along the SW-NE trending fault zone of Gernsbach (northern Black Forest), over a distance of about 45 km between Baden-Baden and Pforzheim, basal series of the sedimentary cover are extensively altered by hydrothermal solutions. The fluids were conveyed in the fault zone and because of favourable permeabilities they spread out along the unconformity between the basement and sedimentary cover. K-Ar dates on authigenic white micas (illites) and hydrothermally altered detrital micas point to the occurrence of two major episodes of fluid migration. The extensive alteration along the entire fault system occurred about 150 Ma ago during the Jurassic. In relation to these hydrothermal activities, the epigenetic strata-bound uranium deposit of Müllenbach originated in Upper Carboniferous sediments near the fault and the fluorite-quartz vein-type mineralization of Käfersteige was formed along the fault about 100 Ma ago during the Cretaceous. The results indicate various geological processes of the fault system of Gernsbach, which is located between the Saxothuringian and Moldanubian zone. The mobilization of the fluids and the formation of the ore deposits were probably caused by and connected with tectonic activities in mid-Europe.     

From outcrop and petrographic studies to basin-scale fluid flow modelling: The use of the Albanian natural laboratory for carbonate reservoir characterisation

The Albanian fold-and-thrust belt and the Peri-Adriatic Depression are well documented by means of seismic reflection profiles, GPS reference points, potential data, wells and outcrops. The continuous Oligocene to Plio-Quaternary sedimentary records help to constrain both the burial history of Mesozoic carbonate reservoirs, the timing of their deformation, and the coupled fluid flow and diagenetic scenarios.Since the mid-90s, the Albanian foothills were used as a natural laboratory to develop a new integrated methodology and work flow for the study of sub-thrust reservoir evolution, and to validate on real case studies the use of basin modelling tools as well as the application of new analytical methods for the study petroleum systems in tectonically complex areas.The integration of the interactions between petrographic and microtectonic studies, kinematic, thermal and fluid flow basin modelling, is described in detail. The fracturing of the reservoir intervals has a pre-folding origin in the Albanides and relates to the regional flexuring in the foreland. The first recorded cement has a meteoric origin, implying downward migration and the development of an earlier forebulge in the Ionian Basin. This fluid, which precipitates at a maximum depth of 1.5 km, is highly enriched in strontium, attesting for important fluid–rock interaction with the Triassic evaporites, located in diapirs. From this stage, the horizontal tectonic compression increases and the majority of the fluid migrated under high pressure, characterised by brecciated and crack-seal vein. The tectonic burial increased due to the overthrusting, that is pointed out by the increase of the precipitation temperature of the cements. Afterwards, up- or downward migration of SO₄²⁻, Ba²⁺ and Mg²⁺-rich fluids, which migrated probably along the décollement level, allows a precipitation in thermal disequilibrium. This period corresponds to the onset of the thrusting in the Ionian Zone. The last stage characterised the uplift of the Berati belt, developing a selective karstification due likely to the circulation of meteoric fluid.The main results of the fluid flow modelling show that the Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene carbonate reservoirs in the Ionian zone have been charged from the Tortonian onward, and that meteoric fluid migration should have intensely biodegraded the hydrocarbon in place. Concerning the migration paths, it has been demonstrated that the thrusts act principally as flow barriers in Albania, mainly due the occurrence of evaporites (non-permeable), except in the foreland, where they do not occur.     

Silica mobility and fluid movement during metamorphism of the Connemara schists, Ireland

Quartz veins are developed in a wide range of metasediment types in the upper amphibolite facies rocks of Connemara, and attest to considerable migration of silica. Contrary to common assumptions, there is clear evidence that these veins do not primarily result from movement of fluid to regions of lower P–T down the regional geothermal gradient. Under amphibolite facies conditions, a dilute chloride fluid moving down temperature has the potential to alter 60g of plagioclase to muscovite for each gram of vein quartz precipitated, while cooling over the temperature interval from 650 to 500° C. The absence of significant metasomatic effects in the vein walls effectively precludes a simple origin from such through-flowing, externally derived fluids. The oxygen isotopic composition of matrix quartz shows considerable differences between different rock types (quartzite, pelite and marble), with a range of δ¹⁸O_SMOW from c.+ 11.5% (quartzite) to + 18.5% (marble). In each rock type, vein quartz compositions closely match those of the matrix quartz. These results demonstrate the importance of local segregation processes in the formation of veins, and suggest that fluid convection cells were not developed during metamorphism on a scale larger than the individual sedimentary formations, if at all. Both oxygen isotope data and the absence of metasomatism indicate that veins form primarily by segregation of quartz from the host lithologies, with only a relatively minor component of through flow of externally derived fluid. Veins are clearly not the major pathways of metamorphic dewatering. It is proposed that abundant veins in the predominantly pelitic Ballynakill Formation formed during peak metamorphic D3 folding because the formation was embrittled by high fluid pressures but was capped by impermeable marble. Hence the pelitic formation fractured repeatedly and the pore fluid drained through the fractures to form veins, while irreversible loss through the rest of the succession was a much less important process. In the central mountains of Connemara, rather pure, unreactive quartzites are cut by widely spaced, laterally extensive quartz veins that are axial planar to D3 folds. These veins may mark pathways whereby metamorphic fluid made its way through the massive impermeable quartzite from lower parts of the nappe pile, but here too, oxygen isotope data indicate considerable segregation of locally derived quartz, reflecting the importance of pumping of fluid between wail rocks and fractures relative to the component of through flow.     

Development of fluid conduits in the auriferous shear zones of the Hutti Gold Mine, India: evidence for spatially and temporally heterogeneous fluid flow

The gold mineralization of the Hutti Mine is hosted by nine parallel, N–S trending, steeply dipping, 2–10 m wide shear zones, that transect Archaean amphibolites. The shear zones were formed after peak metamorphism during retrograde ductile D₂ shearing in the lower amphibolite facies. They were reactivated in the lower to mid greenschist facies by brittle–ductile D₃ shearing and intense quartz veining. The development of a S₂–S₃ crenulation cleavage facilitates the discrimination between the two deformation events and contemporaneous alteration and gold mineralization. Ductile D₂ shearing is associated with a pervasively developed distal chlorite–sericite alteration assemblage in the outer parts of the shear zones and the proximal biotite–plagioclase alteration in the center of the shear zones. D₃ is characterized by development of the inner chlorite-K-feldspar alteration, which forms a centimeter-scale alteration halo surrounding the laminated quartz veins and replaces earlier biotite along S₃. The average size of the laminated vein systems is 30–50 m along strike as well as down-dip and 2–6 m in width.Mass balance calculations suggest strong metasomatic changes for the proximal biotite–plagioclase alteration yielding mass and volume increase of ca. 16% and 12%, respectively. The calculated mass and volume changes of the distal chlorite–sericite alteration (ca. 11%, ca. 8%) are lower. The decrease in δ¹⁸O values of the whole rock from around 7.5‰ for the host rocks to 6–7‰ for the distal chlorite–sericite and the proximal biotite–plagioclase alteration and around 5‰ for the inner chlorite-K-feldspar alteration suggests hydrothermal alteration during two-stage deformation and fluid flow.The ductile D₂ deformation in the lower amphibolite facies has provided grain scale porosities by microfracturing. The pervasive, steady-state fluid flow resulted in a disseminated style of gold–sulfide mineralization and a penetrative alteration of the host rocks. Alternating ductile and brittle D₃ deformation during lower to mid greenschist facies conditions followed the fault-valve process. Ductile creep in the shear zones resulted in a low permeability environment leading to fluid pressure build-up. Strongly episodic fluid advection and mass transfer was controlled by repeated seismic fracturing during the formation of laminated quartz(-gold) veins. The limitation of quartz veins to the extent of earlier shear zones indicate the importance of pre-existing anisotropies for fault-valve action and economic gold mineralization.     

玻利维亚圣克里斯托巴尔银铅锌矿床地质特征

圣克里斯托巴尔矿床位于玻利维亚西南阿尔迪普拉诺高原省乌尤尼（Uyuni）镇西南90 km,矿区海拔约4000 m,是一处与中性至酸性火山岩、次火山岩有关的银-锌-铅矿床。圣克里斯托巴尔地区矿产资源开采历史悠久,西班牙殖民者大约在350年前就开始在该地区开采银矿,近代采矿开始于2001年,该矿床目前由日本住友商事株式会社的全资子公司Monera San Cristobal有限公司运营。矿床探明银、锌和铅的金属储量分别为13.800kt、4.02Mt和1.37Mt,平均品位分别为53×10-6、1.41%和0.48%,是世界上最大露采银矿床之一,2014年共生产312吨银、19万吨锌和6万吨铅。     

呼和湖凹陷断裂特征及其对油气成藏的影响

断裂的形成演化过程对油气的运聚成藏具有重要的影响。本文系统分析了呼和湖凹陷断裂特征、断裂演化及其与油气成藏的关系。研究表明,呼和湖凹陷以T22和T04反射层为界,划分为3套构造层,分别为下部伸展断陷构造层、中部断坳构造层,上部坳陷构造层,其中上部构造层中断裂不发育。纵向上主要发育了两套断裂系统,下部断裂系统展布方向主要是北东东向、北东向和北北东向。上部断裂系统展布方向主要为北北东向和北北西向。发育4种类型的断裂,分别为早期伸展断裂,中期走滑断裂,早期伸展中期走滑断裂和早期伸展中期走滑晚期反转断裂。断裂的主要形成时期为南屯组末期、伊敏组末期和青元岗组末期。断裂的形成和演化影响烃源岩的分布和热演化程度,形成多种类型的圈闭,为油气垂向运移提供良好的运移通道。其中在主力生油洼槽及其周边的几个控陷断层附近有利于油气富集。     

The relative effects of deformation and thermal advection on fluid pathways in basin-related mineralization

The migration of basinal brines into basement material has been proposed as a means of scouring or leaching metals for subsequent ore deposition. Here we address this issue by numerically examining competing processes, namely deformation, fluid flow and thermal gradients, to describe potential fluid pathways leading to enrichment of metals and ore deposition. Stable convective fluid patterns may be established across the cover/basement interfaces if permeability contrasts are minimized, however, at the onset of extensional deformation these convective patterns quickly collapse. On cessation of the deformation, convection cells again develop, which are oscillatory with time. Input to the thermal budget from a radiogenic heat source suggests that basinal fluids can be drawn down around the margins of granite intrusions and fluid mixing processes may take place due to small and localised convective patterns. Fluid migration from basin into basement and back is highly likely given the right conditions, however, the rate and extent of fluid flow are determined by thermal and deformation processes.     

冀北东坪金矿床深部-外围的构造-蚀变-流体成矿研究

冀北东坪金矿田是我国首次在碱性杂岩体内发现的金矿床,曾被认为是与碱性岩有关的金矿床。近年来年代学数据表明,东坪-后沟一带金矿的赋矿碱性杂岩体形成于海西期,而成矿却主要发生在燕山期。金矿床严格受构造裂隙控制,构造-蚀变-流体成矿作用显著,钾长石化是最重要的蚀变。由未蚀变岩石向矿体和断裂带中心方向,典型的构造-蚀变-矿化分带依次为:0-原岩(二长岩、正长岩)带,I-微斜长石化带,II硅化绢云母化微斜长石岩带,III碎裂微斜长石岩带,及IV断层泥。从0带到III带,Au含量增加,Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo也略有增加。东坪金矿构造-蚀变-矿化阶段可分为4个:Ⅰ钾长石-石英脉阶段;Ⅱ黄铁矿-白色石英阶段;Ⅲ多金属硫化物-烟灰色石英脉阶段;Ⅳ晚期碳酸盐阶段。深部中段各阶段脉石英的流体包裹体研究表明, 在I、II、III阶段均发育富CO₂包裹体。第Ⅰ阶段钾长石石英脉L-V型包裹体均一温度(Th)为220.3~359℃,盐度1.1%~3.1% NaCleqv;H₂O-CO₂型包裹体Th在346.5~383.5℃。第Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿白色石英脉中L-V型包裹体Th范围是217.2~372.5℃,盐度在1.1%~5.7% NaCleqv;H₂O-CO₂型包裹体Th在241.2~396.7℃,盐度为2.2%~6.2% NaCleqv。第Ⅲ阶段的烟灰色石英脉中L-V型包裹体Th范围为158.2~350.5℃,盐度在0.7%~5.5% NaCleqv;H₂O-CO₂型包裹体Th范围在215.2~378℃之间,盐度范围在3.0%~6.0% NaCleqv。第Ⅳ阶段晚期石英脉L-V型包裹体Th范围为151.2~249.8℃,盐度在0.9%~8.3% NaCleqv。矿区外围转枝莲矿段的II阶段白色石英脉中包裹体的Th范围为220~416.2℃,III阶段烟灰色石英脉的Th范围为195.3~425℃。富金石英脉形成于中高温(＞300℃,可达400℃以上)、中深压力(70~160MPa以上)条件下。其成矿背景、热液蚀变、矿物共生组合及流体性质与典型的造山型金矿有一定的差别,归属于"与侵入岩有关的金矿床"更合理。     

玻利维亚多尔各市D铜矿矿物元素组合分带及找矿预测

玻利维亚多尔各市D铜矿地处安第斯褶皱带中段,西科迪勒拉构造带东侧南端。矿体主要赋存于多尔各组二段(E3t2)地层中。通过对多尔各市D铜矿矿物分带、主元素及微量元素组合分析,采用数理统计分析方法。研究结果表明:(1)粉砂岩型矿化(Ⅰ型矿化):近矿硅化增加,矿化范围叠加石膏脉,围岩泥质(脉)含量减少,方解石化(隐晶质)发育减弱;远离矿化硅化减弱,石膏脉消失,方解石化增强,泥化增强。(2)砂砾岩型矿化(Ⅱ型矿化):近矿硅化增加,矿化范围叠加石膏脉,围岩泥质(脉)含量减少,方解石化(隐晶质)减弱;远离矿化段,硅化减弱,石膏脉消失,方解石化增强,泥化增强。(3)石英脉型矿化(Ⅲ型矿化):内带主要发育矿化、硅化,最显著的特征为发育大量矿化脉及石英脉;外带发育泥质脉及石英脉。(4)Cu—Ag元素组合为矿区重要的矿化元素组合内带,Ca—Mn元素组合为矿区近矿围岩褪色蚀变元素组合中带,U—V元素组合为矿区含矿"红层"元素组合外带。通过矿物分带、地球化学元素分析,确定找矿靶区,并在靶区探获铜矿量770.08万吨、平均品位1.77%、金属量136304t。     

Fluid migration and location of fractured layers in the crystalline basement by temperature logging in the Volga Region, Russia

High-precision temperature logging in deep and superdeep wells has permitted the study of the thermal regime in the granite–gneiss layer of the Earth's crust. The long-term logging works have allowed the classification of temperature anomalies recorded in the crystalline basement. Most anomalies have been supposed to be caused by loosely aggregated, permeable zones. The classification reflects main types of processes at a great depth — such as injection, inflow and upward migration of gas-cut fluid. The results of great practical importance are obtained using our classification: some intervals — where temperature anomalies interpreted as inflow reservoirs were revealed — have produced fluid, and others interpreted as injection reservoirs absorbed borehole fluid during tests.     

黄骅坳陷港西断裂带流体包裹体的地球化学特征

通过对黄骅坳陷港西断裂带奥陶系灰岩和新近系沙河街组砂岩中11个钻井的岩心包裹体的特征,均一温度和组分等方面的分析,对其所反映的气体来源,形成环境,油气演化以及地质意义进行研究。研究区的包裹体均为次生成因包裹体,气液比在5％～10％之间,根据激光拉曼光谱技术分析组分主要为H2O,CO4和CH4。利用均一温度,结合古地温和埋藏史,发现奥陶系灰岩和新近系沙河街组砂岩中包裹体中流体均捕获于新近纪。对氦同位素的分析发现包裹体中均有幔源氦的侵入．侵入的份额受到NE向港西断层和NWW向徐庄子断层的控制靠近断裂带的灰岩和砂岩中的包裹体含有还原性气体,由断层交汇中心向四周减少。包裹体中烷烃气的成熟度也与断层活动相关,具有从断层交汇中心向四周减小的相似特征。研究区内港西断层和徐庄子断层交汇处不仅是幔源气体上涌的有利通道,也是地热活动强烈的地区,有利于烷烃气的成熟。     

Hydrothermal fluid characteristics and genesis of Cu quartz veins in the Hwanggangri metallogenic district,Republic of Korea: Mineralogy,fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies

The Pojeonri Cu quartz veins occur in the north-western portion of the Hwanggangri Metallogenic Province and consist of two parallel massive quartz veins that fill fractures oriented NW and NE along fault zones in Paleozoic metasedimentary and sedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon and Taebaeg belts. Based on the mineralogy and paragenesis of the veins, only one mineralization episode has been recognized. The ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite with minor arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and oxides of those base metal minerals.     

Role of fluids in the metamorphism of the Alpine Fault Zone,New Zealand

Models of fluid/rock interaction in and adjacent to the Alpine Fault in the Hokitika area, South Island, New Zealand, were investigated using hydrogen and other stable isotope studies, together with field and petrographic observations. All analysed samples from the study area have similar whole‐rock δD values (δD_WR = ?56 to ?30‰, average = ?45‰, n = 20), irrespective of rock type, degree of chloritization, location along the fault, or across‐strike distance from the fault in the garnet zone. The green, chlorite‐rich fault rocks, which probably formed from Australian Plate precursors, record nearly isothermal fluid/rock interaction with a schist‐derived metamorphic fluid at high temperatures near 450–500°C (δD of water in equilibrium with the green fault rocks (δD_{H2O, green}) ≈ ?18‰; δD of water in equilibrium with the greyschists and greyschist‐derived mylonites (δD_{H2O, grey}) ≈ ?19‰ at 500°C; δD_{H2O, green} ≈ ?17‰; δD_{H2O, grey} ≈ ?14‰ at 450°C). There is no indication of an influx of a meteoric or mantle‐derived fluid in the Alpine Fault Zone in the study area. The Alpine Fault Zone at the surface shows little evidence of late‐stage retrogression or veining, which might be attributed to down‐temperature fluid flow. It is probable that prograde metamorphism in the root zone of the Southern Alps releases metamorphic fluids that at some region rise vertically rather than following the trace of the Alpine Fault up to the surface, owing to the combined effects of the fault, the disturbed isotherms under the Southern Alps, and the brittle–ductile transition. Such fluids could mix with meteoric fluids to deposit quartz‐rich, possibly gold‐bearing veins in the region c. 5–10 km back from the fault trace. These results and interpretations are consistent with interpretations of magnetotelluric data obtained in the South Island GeopHysical Transects (SIGHT) programme.     

准噶尔盆地东北缘乌伦古坳陷油气成藏的构造制约

近年来随着地质工作的不断深入,在乌伦古坳陷发现丰富的油气资源。然而与盆地其余地区相比,其油气勘探开发程度仍较低。本文通过构造特征和断裂发育过程对乌伦古坳陷油气成藏规律进行了系统研究。研究区发育3套烃源岩,其中石炭系滴水泉组和巴塔玛依内山组烃源岩最为重要,索索泉凹陷中心为乌伦古坳陷的石炭系烃源岩生油中心。乌伦古坳陷油气藏的形成受控于逆冲断裂而呈带状分布,是逆冲断裂控制的油气聚集带。断裂活动自北往南变新,断裂活动期次与烃源岩生烃高峰期相匹配,沟通油源的深大断裂是油气运移的主要通道。浅部发育反冲断层,主要分布在斜坡区的喀拉萨伊断裂附近,对早期油气起到破坏作用。研究区断裂系统在平面上自北往南可分为根部带、中部带和前锋带,受断裂活动影响,构造圈闭和油气藏形成时期逐渐变新,层位逐渐变浅,类型由断层相关变为褶皱相关。     

南黄海盆地含烃热液流体活动：流体包裹体证据

南黄海盆地勿南沙隆起古生界地层的地热和地球化学异常一直受到众多地质学家和地球化学家的关注。本文联用显微测温和激光拉曼光谱技术对南黄海盆地勿南沙隆起的常州（CZ）-2-1井二叠系栖霞组灰岩石英脉中的流体包裹体进行了详细研究。根据岩石学特征、室温下包裹体相态特征和成分差别,这些包裹体可以分成三大类六小类。流体包裹体拉曼光谱分析结果表明包裹体中含有甲烷和有机物,证明了该区曾经有含烃类流体活动。显微测温分析表明流体包裹体的均一温度在214℃～305℃之间,远高于该区正常沉积的盆地古地温,暗示包裹体捕获了热液流体。根据岩石学观察和测温分析结果,样品中主要存在三期流体包裹体,其均一温度和流体的甲烷浓度分别为：214℃,0．1347mol／L;265℃,0．1722mol／L;305℃,0．3370mol/L。包裹体甲烷浓度随均一温度升高呈增大的趋势。本次研究证实南黄海盆地勿南沙隆起区曾存在含烃热液流体活动,这些实验结果可以为合理解释热异常和地球化学异常提供证据。     

江苏东海水晶矿床成因初探：流体包裹体和硅氧同位素证据

东海水晶矿床位于苏鲁超高压变质带中,它的成因机制及其与超高压变质作用的关系一直是大家关注的问题。本文运用流体包裹体、硅氧同位素地球化学以及微量元素地球化学,对东海水晶矿床的成因进行了初步研究。结果显示,含晶石英脉中流体包裹体主要有单液相、气液两相以及H2O-CO2流体包裹体,其中以气液两相流体包裹体为主,大小在5～50μm,但在含金红石发晶的水晶中气液两相流体包裹体最大可达300μm。其形成温度可以分为3个区间,即100℃～120℃,160℃～220℃和240℃～260℃;而其盐度也集中于0～2wt％NaCl,4～12wt％NaCl和14～16wt％NaCl三个区间,反映了多期流体的叠加作用。激光拉曼和流体包裹体群成分分析可知,流体包裹体中除了H2O和CO2外,还有N2、CH4、H2S和C2H6等,并且在不同的爆裂温度情况下,流体包裹体所释放的成分有所差别。东海水晶矿床中不合金红石发晶的石英的δ^18O变化范围在-5．6～＋4．6‰,δ^34Si变化范围在-0．2～＋0．2‰之间;而含金红石发晶的石英的δ^18O变化范围在10．5～14．9‰,δ^34Si变化范围在～0．2～＋0．1‰之间。相对来说,与水晶热液作用有关的鳞片状黑云母比斜绿泥石更加富集Nb、Cr、Fe、V、W、Ti和Zr等。本文认为东海水晶矿床的形成在富舍石英的榴辉岩在大陆板块俯冲折返过程中及其以后,由不同时期、不同性质、不同成分流体叠加作用下的结果,而舍金红石发晶的形成则是叠加富Nb、Fe流体的结果。