不同潮时对厦门湾水体中234Th/238U不平衡的影响

厦门湾水体中2 3 4 Th 2 3 8U不平衡的时间序列数据表明 ,无论是溶解态、颗粒态2 3 4 Th还是总2 3 4 Th ,相对于母体2 3 8U均严重亏损 ,呈现出与开阔大洋水明显不同的特征。溶解态、颗粒态2 3 4 Th的停留时间介于 0 .5— 41d之间 ,其中低潮时停留时间比高潮时小 2— 4倍 ,证实近岸海域具有强烈的清除、迁出作用 ,且潮汐变化对海域颗粒动力学特征有重要影响。2 3 4 Th停留时间与总悬浮颗粒物浓度 (TSM)、Chl.a的关系则表明 ,近岸海域元素的清除、迁出作用主要受陆源颗粒物输送的影响 ,与生物活动关系并不密切。此外 ,非稳态与稳态清除模型结果的对比证明 ,稳态模型对于具有强烈清除、迁出作用的近岸海域是适用的     

南沙海域基于234Th-238U不平衡的颗粒态有机碳输出通量研究

利用234Th-238U不平衡方法研究南沙群岛海域春季真光层颗粒动力学性质,测定了4个站位水柱中颗粒态有机碳(POC)、溶解态及颗粒态234Th和238U的含量,讨论了各站位水柱中234Th/238U)A.R.的垂直分布.运用稳态箱式模型计算各站位不同水层中溶解态234Th相对于清除至颗粒物的平均停留时间和颗粒态234Th相对于迁出作用的平均停留时间.结合POC/234ThP比值,用两种方法估算出各站位的颗粒态有机碳输出通量分别为8.51-34.94和13.28-50.06mmol·(m2·d)-1.两种方法结果一致,说明234Th是表征POC循环的良好示踪剂.     

234Th/238U不平衡法及其在海洋颗粒物循环研究中的应用

一直以来,对于测定从海洋表层到深层整个全水柱的颗粒物输出通量都是一个很大的挑战。放射性元素234Th因其合适的半衰期(t1/2=24.1d)和超强的颗粒物活性而被广泛应用于示踪颗粒物的循环以及和生物有关的海洋过程,并且234Th/238U不平衡法因其采样简单且能得到高分辨率的垂向和水平向数据而具有更远的发展前景。主要介绍了234Th/238U不平衡法的原理、发展历史、采样和分析方法及其在海洋颗粒物循环过程和其他海洋学研究中的应用、存在的问题和发展前景,并重点探究其对于研究颗粒物有机物再矿化过程和受控机制以及深海碳循环的可能。     

南大洋普里兹湾基于234Th/238U不平衡法的POC输出通量研究

中国第22次南极科学考察(2005年11月至2006年3月)期间,测定了南极普里兹湾海域5个站位的从表层至150 m水深的不同层位水样中溶解态和颗粒态234Th,238U的放射性比活度以及颗粒有机碳.利用234Th/238U在上层水体中的不平衡,计算了南极普里兹湾上层水体中234Th的平均停留时间和输出通量.结果显示,随着纬度的增加,上层水体中颗粒态和溶解态234Th的平均停留时间总体趋向减小,并在中纬度站位出现了最低值,分别为1~8和29~48 d,而颗粒态和溶解态234Th的输出通量则在中纬度站位出现了最大值,分别为21~38和26~39 dpm/(m3·d).运用箱型清除模式,利用两种不同的方法估算了各水柱中从真光层底部输出的POC通量,平均值分别达到104.7 mmol/(m2·d)(E法)和120.6 mmol/(m2·d)(B法),表明南极普里兹湾夏季存在很高的新生产力,它将会对该海域碳的生物泵过程产生重要作用.     

厦门湾水体中颗粒有机碳的垂向输出通量:234Th/238U不平衡的应用

对厦门湾塔角附近海域某站位叶绿素 a、POC、初级生产力、234Th/238U不平衡进行的周日变化研究表明,POC含量介于14.4～34.6 mmol/m3之间,其中碎屑有机碳与活体有机碳所占份额分别为74%～92%和8%～26%.POC垂直分布呈现由表及底降低的趋势,且白昼期间POC含量高于晚间,说明研究海域POC含量与生物过程具有密切联系.初级生产力水平在1d之中变化达5倍,垂直分布亦随深度增加而降低,与叶绿素a的变化相对应.短时间(2h)培养获得的初级生产力水平明显高于长时间培养(24 h)的结果,证实部分新固定的碳被优先呼吸排出.结合234Th/238U不平衡法获得的颗粒态234Th输出通量及输出界面颗粒物中的POC/P_Th比值,可计算出真光层 POC的垂向输出通量为16.0mmol/(m2·d),其中碎屑有机碳与活体有机碳贡献的数量分别为13.3和2.7mmol/(m2·d).POC输出通量与初级生产力的比值(ThE比值)平均为0.31,真光层POC停留时间平均为11d.上述结果与Aksnes和Wassmann[1]的模型计算结果相吻合,但与其他大多数模型的结果仍存在一定的差异.     

厦门湾水体中颗粒有机碳的垂向输出通量:~(234)Th/~(238)U不平衡的应用

对厦门湾塔角附近海域某站位叶绿素 a、POC、初级生产力、234Th/238U不平衡进行的周日变化研究表明,POC含量介于14.4～34.6 mmol/m3之间,其中碎屑有机碳与活体有机碳所占份额分别为74％～92％和8％～26％.POC垂直分布呈现由表及底降低的趋势,且白昼期间POC含量高于晚间,说明研究海域POC含量与生物过程具有密切联系.初级生产力水平在1d之中变化达5倍,垂直分布亦随深度增加而降低,与叶绿素a的变化相对应.短时间（2h）培养获得的初级生产力水平明显高于长时间培养（24 h）的结果,证实部分新固定的碳被优先呼吸排出.结合234Th/238U不平衡法获得的颗粒态234Th输出通量及输出界面颗粒物中的POC/PTh比值,可计算出真光层 POC的垂向输出通量为16.0mmol/（m2·d）,其中碎屑有机碳与活体有机碳贡献的数量分别为13.3和2.7mmol/（m2·d）.POC输出通量与初级生产力的比值（ThE比值）平均为0.31,真光层POC停留时间平均为11d.上述结果与Aksnes和Wassmann[1]的模型计算结果相吻合,但与其他大多数模型的结果仍存在一定的差异.     

厦门湾水体中234Th的垂直分布及其时间变异特征

１９９６年 ９～１０月在厦门湾上屿附近海域定点站连续６个航次测定了水柱中溶解态（ＤＴｈ）、颗粒态~(２３４)Ｔｈ（ＰＴｈ）和溶解态~２３８Ｕ,获得了~２３４Ｔｈ的时空分布图象。研究海域水柱中ＤＴｈ、ＰＴｈ和总~２３４Ｔｈ（ＴＴｈ）的放射性比度分别在０．８０～３．９５山／ｍ~３、１,９３～５．６５Ｂｑ／ ｍ~３和 ３．４７～９． １８Ｂｑ／ｍ~３之间,整个水柱中 ＤＴｈ、ＰＴｈ和ＴＴｈ均与~(２３８)Ｕ呈不平衡,其特征是~(２３４)Ｔｈ亏损,且亏损程度明显大于大洋水体。颗粒态~(２３４)Ｔｈ和总悬浮颗粒物（ＴＳＭ）在水体中的分布及其随时间的变化趋势相当一致,非生物过程可能对近岸海域水体中~(２３４)Ｔｈ的分布起着非常重要的作用。     

不同潮时对厦门湾水体中234Th/238U不平衡的影响

厦门海水体中^234Th/^238U不平衡的时间序列数据表明，无论是溶解态、颗粒态^234Th还是总^234Th,相对于母体^238U均严重亏损，呈现出与开阔大洋水明显不同的特征。溶解态、颗粒态^234Th的停留时间介于0．5－41d之间，其中低潮时停留时间比高潮时小2－4倍，证实近岸海域具有强烈的清除、迁出作用，且潮汐变化对海域颗粒动力学特征有重要影响。^234Th停留时间与总悬浮颗粒物浓度（TSM）、Ch1.α的关系则表明，近岸海域元素的清除、迁出作用主要受陆源颗粒物输送的影响，与生物活动关系并不密切。此外，非稳态与稳态清除模型结果的对比证明，稳态模型对于具有强烈清除、迁出作用的近岸海域是适用的。     

Application of vertically integrated sampling approach to study of new production via 234Th-238U disequilibria

I~IOWBecause of the imPOrtance of new production in the studies of the structure and function ofmarine eCOSystem and carhan cycleS, one should pay great attention tO the study of new production in biological oceanography, biogeOChendstry, and especially in the study of global change(Plait et al., 1992; Jiao and Wang, 1993; Wang, 1992). With the deepening of the study ofnew production, it has been found that the spatial and temporal distributions of new preductionvary largely in different…     

234U/238U as a potential tracer for tracking water masses mixing in the northern East China Sea

The optimum multiparameter (OMP) method was often used to determine the percentages of water masses based on temperature, salinity and other parameters, like nutrient or dissolved oxygen (DO). There are a number of water masses in the East China Sea (ECS), a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean. However, it is difficult to clarify the proportion of water masses using traditional parameters, such as temperature, salinity, nutrient or DO because of the occurring of intensive biogeochemical processes in the near shore and shelf areas. Here, we reported the use of 234U/238U activity ratio embedded in the OMP method. The results indicate that seawater in the northern ECS mainly consisted of the estuarine water of Changjiang River (CEW), Kuroshio water (KW), and Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC). In March 2017, the CEW only influenced the offshore waters shallower than 30 m; the KW affected the east edge and the YSCC contributed more than 75% in the northern ECS.     

Particulate organic carbon export flux by 234Th/238U disequilibrium in the continental slope of the East China Sea

234Th is widely used to quantify the magnitude of upper ocean particulate organic carbon(POC)export in oceans.In the present work,the rates of particulate organic carbon export were measured based on the distribution patterns of234Th/238U disequilibrium in the water column within the continental slope of the East China Sea(ECS)during May 2011.The profiles of particulate and dissolved234Th activities at all three stations showed a relative deficit with respect to238U in the upper 100 m of the water column.The dissolved234Th scavenging rates and the particulate234Th removal rates and their residence times were calculated by a one-dimensional steady state model.The results showed that the dissolved234Th scavenging rates and the particulate234Th removal rates ranged from 12.4–61.4 dpm/(m3·d)andfrom3.8–21.8 dpm/(m3·d),respectively.The residence times of dissolved and particulate234Th were in the range of 3.4–158 d and 63.7–96.5 d,respectively.Combined with the measurement of POC/234Th ratios of suspended particles,POC export flux(calculated by carbon)from the euphotic zone was estimated in the study region,which ranged from 4.14–14.7 mmol/(m2·d),withanaverageof8.21mmol/(m2·d),occupying35%oftheprimeproductivity in the study area.The results of this study can provide new information for better understanding the carbon biogeochemical cycle within the continental slope of the ECS.     

234Th/238U disequilibrium and particulate organic carbon export in the northwestern South China Sea

234 Th was utilized as a tracer of particulate organic carbon (POC) export in the northwestern South China Sea (SCS) on the basis of the data collected at four stations during a spring cruise.Depth profiles of dissolved and particulate 234 Th activities were measured in the upper 60 m,showing a significant deficit relative to 238 U over the investigated stations.A stratified structure of 234 Th-238 U disequilibrium was in general observed in the upper 60 m water column,indicating that the euphotic zone of t...     

<Superscript>234</Superscript>Th/<Superscript>238</Superscript>U disequilibrium and particulate organic carbon export in the northern South China Sea

We utilized ²³⁴Th, a naturally occurring radionuclide, to quantify the particulate organic carbon (POC) export rates in the northern South China Sea (SCS) based on data collected in July 2000 (summer), May 2001 (spring) and November 2002 (autumn). Th-234 deficit was enhanced with depth in the euphotic zone, reaching a subsurface maximum at the Chl-a maximum in most cases, as commonly observed in many oceanic regimes. Th-234 was in general in equilibrium with ²³⁸U at a depth of ∼100 m, the bottom of the euphotic zone. In this study the ²³⁴Th deficit appeared to be less significant in November than in July and May. A surface excess of ²³⁴Th relative to ²³⁸U was found in the summer over the shelf of the northern SCS, most likely due to the accumulation of suspended particles entrapped by a salinity front. Comparison of the ²³⁴Th fluxes from the upper 10 m water column between 2-D and traditional 1-D models revealed agreement within the errors of estimation, suggesting the applicability of the 1-D model to this particular shelf region. 1-D model-based ²³⁴Th fluxes were converted to POC export rates using the ratios of bottle POC to ²³⁴Th. The values ranged from 5.3 to 26.6 mmol C m⁻²d⁻¹ and were slightly higher than those in the southern SCS and other oligotrophic areas. POC export overall showed larger values in spring and summer than in autumn, the seasonality of which was, however, not significant. The highest POC export rate (26.6 mmol C m⁻²d⁻¹) appeared at the shelf break in spring (May), when Chl-a increased and the community structure changed from pico-phytoplankton (<2 μm) dominated to nano-phytoplankton (2–20 μm) and micro-phytoplankton (20–200 μm) dominated.