水平定向钻进铺设管线的测量技术

对于安全优质水平定向钻进铺设管线来说，测量技术至关重要。介绍了施工前对已有地下管线和土层的探测、钻进时对钻头的跟踪和导航、以及铺设管线前后的测量问题，还介绍了测量仪器的工作原理、基本性能和适用范围。     

A Particle Tracking Model for Non-Fickian Subsurface Diffusion

In this paper, a new particle tracking technique is described which can simulate non-Fickian diffusion within porous media. The technique employs fractional Brownian motions (fBms), a generalization of regular Brownian motion. These random fractal functions allow both super- and subdiffusive particle paths to be produced and hence non-Fickian diffusion of the resulting panicle clouds can be modeled. In recent years, fBm trace functions have been used by many authors to reproduce self-affine random fields to simulate various porous media properties. In contrast, a method is detailed herein which uses self-similar spatial fBm trajectories to simulate directly non-Fickian behavior of the particle clouds. Although fractal trajectories have been previously suggested as the basis for possible methods of modeling non-Fickian diffusion, the authors believe that this paper contains the first algorithm to be presented which does not require an a priori knowledge of the end condition of the random walk and, more importantly, allows both a definable scaling exponent and (fractal) diffusion coefficient to be specified. The resulting non-Fickian diffusion using the new algorithm is illustrated and some applications are discussed. The purpose of this paper is to bring the potential usefulness of fBm trajectories in simulating non-Fickian processes within homogeneous media to the attention of numerical modelers active in the simulation of subsurface diffusive processes. The method has a particular environmental application in the simulation of the non-Fickian dispersion of groundwater contaminants through porous media.     

PVC-U携砾过滤器滤料厚度与阻砂性的相关关系试验研究

针对第四系覆盖层、粉细砂地层成井中存在的问题,结合携砾过滤器的研制,试验并探讨了滤料层厚度与阻砂性的相关关系,初步得出了不同规格滤料理论最小阻砂厚度值。     

钻探参数数据智能采集系统的研制

详细介绍了最新研制成功的智能钻探测控数据采集系统的设计原则、技术特点、结构、参数设置方法以及测试应用情况.     

薄窄砂体地震跟踪预测方法

大庆长垣西部地区葡萄花油层主要发育水下分流河道和小片席状砂,砂体厚度1~3 m,横向变化快,分布零散,地震储层预测精度受到限制,给油藏评价和开发带来较大风险。为了提高薄窄砂体预测精度,以古龙油田为例,提出了分步逐级井震联合反演方法:以岩石物理响应特征分析为基础,优选反演方法,优化流程参数,不断增加滚动井数,通过5批161口开发井的优选及调整,砂体预测精度不断提高,确保了该油田初步开发方案实施效果,形成了可以推广应用的滚动预测跟踪调整的工作流程。     

黑龙江省煤层气勘探开发的目标与方向

黑龙江省东部三江地区为煤层气资源主要富集带，其六个矿区4350km^2煤层气资源量初步评价为1870亿m^3，通过对各盆地煤层气参数和评价条件研究，共选择出八个目标区，优选其中的鹤岗南—鸟山区、鸡西区邱家—荣华区为首选勘探开发区。针对不同情况，采用地面钻井抽放、生产矿井和废弃矿井抽放相结合的开采方式，循序渐进、滚动发展，不失为一条科学合理的发展之路。     

华北安鹤煤田煤储层特征与煤层气有利区分布

通过对安鹤煤田采集煤样的煤质、显微组分、煤相、显微裂隙分析,等温吸附、低温氮比表面及孔隙结构和压汞孔隙结构测试,研究了该区煤层气赋存的地质条件、煤层气生气地质特征和煤储层物性特征。并采用基于G IS的多层次模糊数学评价方法计算了该区的煤层气资源量,预测了煤层气有利区分布。研究结果表明,该区煤层气总资源量为1 115.73×108m3,煤层气资源丰度平均为1.18×108m3/km2,具有很好的煤层气资源开发潜力。在煤田中部的四矿到八矿之间的地区以及北部的水冶镇附近地区,煤层累计有效厚度大、煤层气资源丰度高、煤层埋深适中、煤储层孔裂隙系统发育、渗透性高,是该区煤层气勘探开发的最有利目标区。     

地热回灌防腐过滤器及配套技术试验

利用专题立项开凿的地热生产井和地热回灌井,对第三纪孔隙型热储层进行了加压条件下的对井同层回灌试验。通过研发地热回灌防腐过滤器及配套技术,解决了先前在回灌过程中由各种物理、化学和生物因素引起的堵塞,导致回灌量减小、回灌井早期丧失回灌能力这一技术难题。     

Target intersection probabilities for parallel-line and continuous-grid types of search

The expressions for calculating the probability of intersection of hidden targets of different sizes and shapes for parallel-line and continuous-grid types of search can be formulated by vsing the concept of conditional probability. When the prior probability of the orientation of a widden target is represented by a uniform distribution, the calculated posterior probabilities are identical with the results obtained by the classic methods of probability. For hidden targets of different sizes and shapes, the following generalizations about the probability of intersection can be made: (1) to a first approximation, the probability of intersection of a hidden target is proportional to the ratio of the greatest dimension of the target (viewed in plane projection) to the minimum line spacing of the search pattern; (2) the shape of the hidden target does not greatly affect the probability of the intersection when the largest dimension of the target is small relative to the minimum spacing of the search pattern, (3) the probability of intersecting a target twice for a particular type of search can be used as a lower bound if there is an element of uncertainty of detection for a particular type of tool; (4) the geometry of the search pattern becomes more critical when the largest dimension of the target equals or exceeds the minimum spacing of the search pattern; (5) for elongate targets, the probability of intersection is greater for parallel-line search than for an equivalent continuous square-grid search when the largest dimension of the target is less than the minimum spacing of the search pattern, whereas the opposite is true when the largest dimension exceeds the minimum spacing; (6) the probability of intersection for nonorthogonal continuous-grid search patterns is not greatly different from the probability of intersection for the equivalent orthogonal continuous-grid pattern when the orientation of the target is unknown. The probability of intersection for an elliptically shaped target can be approximated by treating the ellipse as intermediate between a circle and a line. A search conducted along a continuous rectangular grid can be represented as intermediate between a search along parallel lines and along a continuous square grid. On this basis, an upper and lower bound for the probability of intersection of an elliptically shaped target for a continuous rectangular grid can be calculated. Charts have been constructed that permit the values for these probabilities to be obtained graphically. The use of conditional probability allows the explorationist greater flexibility in considering alternate search strategies for locating hidden targets.This paper was presented at Symposium 116.3, Quantitative Strategy for Exploration, held as part of the 25th International Geological Congress, Sydney, Australia, August 1976.     

非溢流型（JMD）净水滤池的性能及特点—与溢流型净水滤池之比较

依据国外技术研制的非溢流型净水器,将滤池、沉淀池和絮凝池有机地溶为一体犤1犦。其双层滤料的任意组合,特殊的底板布水布气系统和侧向排水方式使非溢流型滤池在结构上有了新的技术性突破,使出水水质明显提高。反冲洗周期的延长及能耗的减少(水、电、药品),降低了滤池的运行费用;新型的结构设计使非溢流型滤池延长了使用寿命,缩短了施工安装时间而减少了投资成本。故非溢流型净水滤,池主要特性同溢流型单层滤池(如V型滤池)相比更具有先进性。