辽宁锦西石千峰组的植物化石

本文研究了采自辽宁锦西大红石砬子地区(后富隆山村北2公里处)的石千峰组的植物化石3属6种,即栉羊齿未定种Pecopteris spp.,中国束羊齿(新组合)Fascipteris sinensis(Stockm.et Math.)Comb.nov.,狭束羊齿Fascipteris Stena Gu et Zhi,密囊束羊齿Fascipteris(ptychocarpus) densata Gu et Zhi,束羊齿未定种Fascipteris sp.(Sp.nov.?),星囊蕨未定种(Asterotheca) sp.(sp.nov.?)。这些植物化石的发现,对本区上二迭统的确定、划分和对比有一定意义。     

辽宁锦西二迭系上统上石盒子组

辽宁锦西二迭系上统上石盒子组分布于锦西沙锅屯、红石砬子、杨家杖子。辽宁省地层表(1978)记述在南票的上石盒子组内采到 Calami—tes sp.Compsopteris wongii,Neuropteri—dum sp.Pecopteris arborescens,Spheno—phyllum thonii。周惠琴、胡雨帆、朱家楠(1983)、李杰儒(1984)分别描述了采自该层的化石 Fascipteris sinensis,F.sfena,F.(Ptychocarpns)densata,Asterotheca sp.认定该层为晚二迭世石千峰组。笔者在编写辽宁省地质志时,查阅了原始资料,也研究了这些化石的已知层位和时代,认为该层不成属三迭系,也不是二迭系石千峰组,应属二迭系上统上石盒子组的上部。     

辽宁早侏罗世化石木材

辽宁地区木化石丰富,现已发现早侏罗世松柏类硅化木材 5属 8种,其中包括 2个新种, 2个修订种, 3个已知种及 1个未定种,即： Protophyllocladoxylon chaoyangense Zhang et Zheng sp. nov.,P. franconicum Vogellehner, Protosciadopityoxylon liaoxiense Zhang et Zheng sp. nov., P. jeholense (Ogura) Zhang et Zheng comb. nov., Sciadopityoxylon heizyoense(Shimakura) Zhang et Zheng comb. nov., Protocedroxylon dibneri (Shilkina) Shilkina et Chudajb., Xenoxylon latiporosum Gothan, X.? sp.。本文对新种作了描述,对前人鉴定有误的属种进行了修订,并概述了 5个产地木材化石组合特征及其古气候环境。     

青海乌兰地区上新世乌兰小植物群及古气候

对产于青海乌兰地区上新统油砂山组的10种被子植物化石进行鉴定研究。这些化石分别为宽叶木兰Magnolia latifolia Tao、茂叶桤Alnus luxuriosa Li、古旱冬瓜Alnus prenepalensis Hu et Chaney、披针叶胡桃Juglans acuminate Al.Braun ex Unger、柄豆荚?(未定种)Podogonium?sp.、披针叶柯Lithocarpus lancifolius Wang、中华蓼Polygonum miosinicum Hu et Chaney、沙巴榈(未定种)Sabalites sp.、似莎草(未定种)Cyperacites sp.、莎草科?Cyperaceae?。建立乌兰小植物群,其植物组合面貌显示其时代为上新世早期,该地区在上新世早期为温暖湿润的亚热带气候。     

广西隆林祥播早二叠世茅口期的几种Pseudodoliolina

广西隆林祥播地区二叠纪地层是一套连续的海相碳酸盐岩,出露良好,内含丰富的(竹蜓)类化石。本文记述了Pseudodoliolina属的12种,其中对2个新种Pseudodoliolina contracta sp.nov.,P.subelliptica sp.nov.作详细描述。新种均采于茅口阶Cancellina带。新种的发现为本文论述Pseudodoliolina(竹蜓)类动物群的演化特征提供了实际材料。     

Antifouling effect of bioactive compounds from selected marine organisms in the Obhur Creek,Red Sea

Three species of sponges and a tunicate were collected from Obhur creek of Jeddah coast for this bioactivity study. In order to assess the antifouling efficacy of selected marine organisms, methanolic extracts of these organisms were tested against different fouling bacterial forms and II-instar stage of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite. Antibiosis, bioactivity and followed by multivariate analyses were carried out to check the efficacy of antifouling effect of the selected marine organisms. Principal component analysis revealed the exemplary antifouling efficacy of the sponge extracts of Stylissa sp. observed followed by Hyrtios sp. against bacterial forms in the laboratory study. De-trended correspondence analysis confirmed that the contribution of antifouling efficacy of the selected sponge extracts was observed to be more towards Bacillus sp., Vibrio sp. and Alteromonas sp. Moreover, the efficacy of Hyrtios sp. extract(20.430 μg m L~(-1)) followed by Stylissa sp.(30.945 μg m L~(-1)) showed higher against barnacle instar compared with other extracts in the bioactivity assay. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis under paired linkage categorized all the sponge extracts into one major cluster with 75% similarity, and one outlier tunicate. More than 80% similarity observed between Hyrtios sp. and Stylissa sp. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) showed that the contribution of major peaks found in the marine organisms were towards sulfones, sulfoxides, cyanates and ketones.     

TWO NEW SPECIES OF OPHIDIASTERID SEA-STARS FROM THE VICINITY OF DIAOYUDAO, EAST CHINA SEA

Two new species of the asteroid family Ophidiasteridae are described from two specimens collected by commercial fishery vessels of Qingdao from the vicinity of Diaoyudao (25°45' N, 123°15' E), East China Sea. Hacelia tuberculata sp. nov. shows affinities with H. tyloplax (H. L. Clark, 1914) and Linckia gracilis sp. nov. is related to L, laevigata (Linnaeus).     

A new record of a flathead fish (Teleostei: Platycephalidae) from China based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding

A new record of Platycephalus sp.1 (sensu Nakabo, 2002) was documented based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding. We collected 174 specimens of the genus Platycephalus from Chinese coastal waters of Dongying, Qingdao, Zhoushan, and Beihai. Samples were identified as Platycephalus sp.1 morphologically. The coloration, meristic traits, and morphometric measurements are consistent with previously published records. In brief, it is an orange-brown flathead fish with dark brown spots scattered on head and body, lateral line scales 83 to 99 with one or two spine-bearing anteriormost pored scale, no yellow blotch on the caudal fin. Cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) gene fragments were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The mean evolutionary distance within the species Platycephalus sp.1 was 0.1%. Net evolutionary distances between Platycephalus sp.1 and other species of Platycephalus ranged from 10.8% to 19.7%, which is much greater than the threshold for species delimitation. The COI sequence analysis strongly supports the validity of Platyceohalus sp.1 at genetic level.     

辽东寒武纪笔石研究

近年作者(1988—1990)在辽阳兰家寒武纪崮山组发现了笔石生物群,新建Dendrograptusliaoyiangensis sp.nov..D.liaoyiangensis latus subsp.nov.,Callograptus lanjiaensis sp.nov.。其特征为笔石个体小,枝短粗,具附着盘,胞管简单,固着底栖,分布局限,具有地方色彩,是目前已发现的最古老的笔石生物群。根据前人研究结果(穆恩之、林尧坤)和作者的研究认为,寒武系风山组Dictyonema wu-tingshanense是原始漂浮笔石,在太子河流域出现层位最低;凤山组燕州段笔石属底栖和漂浮的混合生态笔石群。同时作者在辽东半岛南部寒武系凤山组湾湾沟段和下楸树沟段发现笔石生物群,新建Dictyonema jin-zhouense sp.nov.Callograptus viminalis sp.nov.C.lashushanensis sp.nov.。作者的研究表明,太子河流域寒武系崮山组的笔石是最古老的笔石,因而太子河流域很可能是太平洋型和大西洋型笔石动物群的发源地。     

Report and Phylogeny of a Novel Euplotes Species from China: E. mazeii n. sp., and Review of E. balteatus(Alveolata,Ciliophora)

The freshwater species, Euplotes mazeii n. sp., and the marine species, E. balteatus(Dujardin, 1841) Diesing, 1850 were collected from China and investigated based on their living morphology, ciliary pattern, and small subunit ribosomal RNA(SSU rRNA)gene sequence data. Euplotes mazeii n. sp. was characterized by its small cell size((40 – 55) μm ×(25 – 35) μm), nine frontoventral cirri,one marginal and two caudal cirri, seven dorsal kineties, and a double-eurystomus type of dorsal silverline syst...     

浙江羚羊头骨化石的发现与研究

本文论述了1992年采自浙江开化的一件羚羊头骨化石。标本经记述对比研究后，认为它代表了GazelleBlaimville的一个新种，命名为开化羚羊（新种）Gazellekaihuaensissp．nov，时代也属于晚更新世。尚系浙江首次发现，这对羚羊的分布范围及其古地理、古环境等方面的研究具有一定的意义。     

四川龙门山泥盆纪四射珊瑚

本文记述了产于四川龙门山地区中、上泥盆统界线附近观雾山组和土桥子组的四射珊瑚。在大量珊瑚标本鉴定的基础上,建立了中泥盆世晚期至晚泥盆世初期的四个四射珊瑚化石组合。根据四射珊瑚的演化规律,确定以Peneckiella珊瑚类的兴起和Pseudozaphrentis hejiazhaiensis,Temnophyllun(Truncicarinulum)beichua-nensis珊瑚类的消失作为龙门山地区识别中、上泥盆统界线的标志。     

Two new species of the genus Munidopsis Whiteaves,1874(Crustacea:Anomura:Munidopsidae) from the Caroline Ridge,South of the Mariana Trench

The genus Munidopsis has high biodiversity in seamount habitats.In this study,two new Munidopsis species,Munidopsis ahyongi sp.nov.and Munidopsis carolinensis sp.nov.from the Caroline Ridge in the tropical western Pacific Ocean were described.M.ahyongi sp.nov.is very similar to a group of species in the M.serricornis complex,but can be readily distinguished from the related species in having the oblique posterior orbital margins,2 spines on the lateral carapace margin,and a relatively longer rostral median spine.M.carolinensis sp.nov.is different from two related species primarily in having oblique frontal margins,blunt outer orbital angles,straight lateral margins of the rostrum,scale-like rugae on sternites 5-7,and less spinose pereopod 1(chelipeds,P1) merus and carpus.Aside from the morphological comparisons,DNA barcode analysis and phylogenetic analysis based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene(COI) were employed for the identification of these new species.     

掌鳞刺属演化及晚泥盆世环境变迁

牙形石掌鳞刺属Palmatolepis齿台结构和形态随时间演替 ,由近正三角形向长三角形、长菱形演化 ,在F/F界线附近受地质事件的影响而中断 ,使Palmatolepis齿台结构呈二段式发展 ,在Palmatolepis的分子中 ,那些演化速度快 ,结构变化大的分子首先灭绝 ,而那些演化速度慢 ,结构变化小的分子延续时间长 ,分布范围也更加广泛 ,在地质事件中被保留下来并得以延续 ,这种演化规律可能是生物有选择性灭绝与复苏的原因之一。晚泥盆世F/F之交环境的变化可能是由于海退 ,海底毒气喷发 ,超量金属元素的污染造成的     

晚二叠世种籽化石—新属种的发掘与建立

本文根据桐庐县瑶琳镇和平村上二叠统雾林山组（相当于龙潭组）剖面第⑨层中发现的一种奇待的种子化石，经标本描述鉴定，确认其为种子化石的新属种，而建立的奇丽桐庐籽（新属、新种）Tonglucarpusspectabilisgen.etsp.nov,归于晚二叠世。     

Identification of Species in Genus Platycephalus from Seas of China

Platycephalus in Chinese sea area has a high commercial value.However,there were mis-identifications in previous records.In this study,we fully distinguished and diagnosed all five species,Platycephalus indicus,P.cultellatus,Platycephalus sp.,Platycephalus sp.1 and Platycephalus sp.2.The results revealed that P.cultellatus was overlooked by previous ichthyologists.Platycephalus sp.1 was misidentified as P.indicus in reality,and Platycephalus sp.2 only existed in the seas of Japan.Furthermore,morphological,especially phylogenetic analysis indicated that Platycephalus sp.from South China Sea differs from all former known species,which might be a new species.We identified all Platycephalus species in China seas for the first time,which will contribute to local species identification,biodiversity conservation and sustainable exploitation of Platycephalus species.     

Pseudosmittia aizaiensis,a new species of orthocladiinae (Diptera,Chironomidae) from human province of China

Male and female adult midges ofPseudosmittia aizaiensis sp.n. are described and illustrated with figures of morphological characters. The inferior volsella of gonocoxite with large lobes, the long but equal width gonostylus, and the small projection in basal part of outer margin are the characters that may separate this species from others. One larva of this genus is purely aquatic in habitat and is associated with Cricotopus bicinctus,Cardiocladius capucinus andPolypedilum sp. in the same algae debris (Spirogyra sp.) of the Dunghe River. Further, the larva's very short SI and SII bifids, its 5 pairs of lateral teeth on mentum and its absence of premandible brush are the characters that may also separate this species from any known species of this genus.     

Life history, secondary production and trophic basis of two dominant mayflies in a subtropical stream of China

Mayflies constitute a major part of macroinvertebrate biomass and production in Iotic ecosystems, and play an important role in material cycle and energy flow. There are more than 250 species of mayflies in rivers and streams of China. In order to learn their ecological functions, an investigation on life cycle, production and trophic basis of dominant species of mayflies in a second-order branch of Hanjiang River basin, Hubei, China was carried out during June 2003 to June 2004. The results showed that the dominant mayfly species Epeorus sp. and Caenis sp. developed two generations per year; in term of Epeorus sp., pupation mainly occurred in spring and then from late summer to early autumn, while Caenis sp. pupated in spring and autumn. The abundance and biomass of the Epeorus sp. population peaked twice （1 226 ind/m^2, 3.142 5g/m^2） in April and June. Caenis sp. also had two peaks （307ind/m^2, 1.590 g/m^2）, but in February and June. Cohort production and cohort P/B ratio of Epeorus sp. were 161.009 g/m2 wet weight and 7.7, respectively, and annual production and P/B ratio were 267.46g/m^2.a wet weight and 15.4, respectively; cohort production and P/B ratio of Caenis sp. were 26.7995g/m^2 wet weight and 4.7, its annual production and P/B ratio were 53.60 g/m2.a wet weight and 9.4, respectively. For Epeorus sp., the proportions contributing to secondary production of the main food types were： amorphous detritus, 33.46%; fungi, 10.83%; vascular plant detritus, 1.80%; diatoms, 53.90%; for Caenis sp., the proportions were 70.79%, 6.90%, 3.52% and 18.77%, respectively.     

Tritonia iocasica sp.nov.,a new tritoniid species from a seamount in the tropical Western Pacific(Heterobranchia:Nudibranchia)

During an expedition to a seamount at Caroline Plate in the tropical Western Pacific,a new species of Tritonia was sampled from the upper bathyal zone at depth of 970-1 262 m.This new species,Tritonia iocasica sp.nov.,represents the first tritoniid nudibranch known to feed on octocoral of the family Melithaeidae.The species is up to 120 mm in length,pinkish in color;with the rhinophoral sheath divided into several petaliform extensions;veil with,about 18 elongate digitiform processes;notal margin with17-19 pairs of secondary gills;anus located below the 5~(th) and 6~(th) secondary gills,and the genitalia below the 3~(rd) secondary gill on the right side of the body.Based on these external features,T.iocasica sp.nov.can be dearly distinguished from all previously described members of the genus.Phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial(COI,16 S rRNA) and a nuclear(H3) genes using Bayesian inference,maximum likelihood,and species delimitation analysis also support the separation of T.iocasica sp.nov.from its congeners.