Quaternary stratigraphy and developmental history of the Central Russian Periglacial–Loessal Province

As a result of complex investigation in the Central Russian Loessal Province, detailed lithologic, geochemical, paleopedological, and paleontological characteristics of the young deposits of the stratotype section Mikhailovka are obtained. They provide the basis for facies genetic differentiation, stratification, and correlation of particular horizons chronologically coordinated by paleopedological and paleontological data with the geological scale of the Neopleistocene. The loess–soil sequences corresponding to climatolites of the Lower, Middle, and Upper Neopleistocene are established and characterized. In dynamical history of the Central Russian Periglacial Loessal Province, thirteen paleogeographical stages of natural–climatic changes (seven warm interglacial and interstadial epochs, six cold epochs alternating with them) are revealed. A rhythmic climatic substantiation for the stratigraphical division of recent sediments in the investigated region is provided.     

A refined understanding of the paleoenvironmental history recorded at the Okanagan Centre section,an MIS 4 stratotype,south‐central British Columbia,Canada

The Okanagan Centre section is the stratotype for marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 4 sediments (Okanagan Centre Drift) in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. Previous work suggested that these sediments record two glacial and two interglacial cycles. This study reports on detailed sedimentological and geochronological investigations of lithostratigraphic units comprising the Okanagan Centre sequence, revealing successive deposition of subaqueous and subaerial outwash, a subglacial till and glaciolacustrine sediments during MIS 4. A limiting optical age of 113 ± 8 ka defines the base of this sequence. Sedimentological, paleopedological, optical dating and tephrochronological data from sediments near the middle of the sequence reveal soil development (MIS 3) in eolian sediments deposited on a river terrace overlying a deglaciated surface. Within these sediments, identification of Mt. St. Helens set C tephra suggest sedimentation between 50 and 35k ¹⁴C a BP. Optical dating corroborates the tephrochronology and suggests that this surface formed after ～52 ± 7 ka. The record of MIS 2 glaciation is restricted to deglaciation, and overlies MIS 3 sediments above an unconformity possibly related to regional subglacial meltwater erosion. Eolian sediments containing Mt Mazama set O tephra (～7.62k cal a BP) cap the sequence.     

地质体中主要生物分子的研究方法及应用

现代分子生物学,生物化学及有机地球化学等领域的发展,为古生物研究者在发子水平上探索地质生物世界提供了新的概念和技术手段,本文着重讨论了可用于分子古生物学研究的生物分子,例如,维管植物的木质素等稳定生物聚合物,古生物细胞内的类脂化合物,碳水化合物,蛋白质及氨基酸和含遗传信息的核酸,分子古生物资料可用于探讨化石埋藏学,古生物分子系统学,生物演化模式与机制,分子演化速率,古生态环境再造等问题,本文较详细     

Stratigraphic and lithologic characteristics of Pleistocene fluvial deposits in the Danube and Sava riparian area near Belgrade (Serbia)

The Quaternary sediments in the Danube and Sava riparian area near Belgrade have a considerable thickness. Several categories of deposits (fluvial-lacustrine, fluvial and aeolian) of Pliocene and Quaternary age have been identified. Their thickness, granulometric composition and paleontological features change depending on the distance from the recent Danube and Sava riverbeds. The Pleistocene fluvial deposits are underlain by sediments of the Late Miocene (Sarmatian and Pannonian) or the Plio-Pleistocene age, and are overlain by fluvial-palustrine deposits of the Pleistocene age and recent alluvial deposits. Pleistocene fluvial deposits that form a major part of the Quaternary sediments, have a great significance, since they are proved to be excellent collectors of ground water. Although these deposits are at lower altitudes in the area of Srem, they could be correlated with the high Danube and Morava terraces in Serbia and Drava in Croatia on the basis of their lithologic and paleontological features.     

New Data on Upper Quaternary Sediments of the Murmansk Rise in the Barents Sea

The detailed study of sections of two boreholes drilled on the Murmansk Rise of the Barents Sea provided new data on lithology, granulometric composition of sediments, and distribution of oxides and some minerals of the heavy fraction. The biostratigraphic subdivision of Upper Quaternary sediments is based on foraminifers. The recovered glaciomarine Quaternary sediments accumulated in marine periglacial environments. Foraminiferal assemblages dominated by Retroelphidium clavatumand Cassidulina reniforme, which reflect extreme (proximal and distal) glaciomarine environments are replaced upward the section by those formed in normal marine environments. The latter are dominated by Nonion labradoricumand Melonis barleeanus.     

The white sea level change and glacioisostatic land uplift during the Holocene near the Settlement of Kuzema,North Karelia Region

This paper contains lithostratigraphic and chronometric (radiocarbon dating) data on one of the regions on the Karelian coast of the White Sea obtained in the course of investigation of sedimentary sections from recent lake basins, which were separated at different times from the sea due to uplift of the glacioisostatic crust of the Earth. They were used as a basis for stratigraphic subdivision of marine and fresh water sediments and for reconstruction of the White Sea coast level change during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene near the Settlement of Kuzema, Karelia.     

PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF THE CENO-TETHYS: MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM PELAGIC SEDIMENTS IN THE YARLUNG ZANGBO SUTURE ZONE, SOUTHERN TIBET

PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF THE CENO-TETHYS: MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM PELAGIC SEDIMENTS IN THE YARLUNG ZANGBO SUTURE ZONE, SOUTHERN TIBET     

The regional stratigraphic scheme of the miocene sediments of the fore-urals and the major events in the southern Ural region

This work presents a clarified stratigraphic scheme of the Miocene sediments of the Fore-Urals and the territory of Bashkortostan. As a result of the work carried out, the regional stratigraphic divisions of the Miocene of the Fore-Urals were described and stratotypes and reference sections were established for the first time. The stratigraphic scheme of the Miocene sediments includes the sequences of the Lower (the upper part of the Tyulganskian Formation, Kuyurgazinskian and Voroshilovskian formations), the Middle-Upper (Ushkatlinskian Formation) and the Upper (the lower sub-formation of the Tchebenkovskian Formation) Miocene. In addition, the stratigraphic scheme developed was correlated with those of the Urals, the Russian Plain and the Lower Volga Region. The scheme is based on the data obtained from study of sediments, analysis of paleontological and lithological data, and summary of literary and library materials, which allowed us to elucidate in detail the Miocene events in the Fore-Urals.     

Correlation of upper Bajocian-Bathonian zones in Siberia with the stage standard

The suggestions to transfer the Arcticoceras ishmae Zone from the middle to the lower Bathonian and the Arctocephalites arcticus Zone from the lower Bathonian to the upper Bajocian put forward by some researchers, are critically considered. These suggestions are based on paleontological records from the Sokur quarry near Saratov. Based on paleontological data from Siberia represented in a number of regional ammonite, belemnite, and retroceram zonations, we infer that the proposed zonal subdivision of the Jurassic in the Sokur quarry to be untrue and believe the revision of the correlation of the above-mentioned zones with the stage and zonal standard to be premature because of insufficient argumentation.     

SOVETSKAYA GEOLOGIYA (SOVIET GEOLOGY) IN COVER-TO-COVER TRANSLATION, 1962,NO. 6

New data on the stratigraphy of Upper Jurasgic sediments of the central and southern parts of the western Siberia lowland are listed, which have accumulated since the last Stratigraphic Conference in 1960 in Novosibirsk. Present-day paleontological information permits us to clarify views on the age of the Lolcosovskaya suite as a whole, as well as to establish the age volume of each subsuite. – Authors.     

A study of the soluble and insoluble organic matter from the Livello Bonarelli,a Cretaceous black shale deposit in the Central Apennines,Italy

Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry of extracted sediments from the Livello Bonarelli, a thinly laminated carbonate-poor sedimentary unit at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, indicates significant differences between the samples. Microscopic investigations and pyrolysis-gas chromatography show a main contribution from marine organic matter for all samples. The composition of the extractable hydrocarbons becomes more complex with increasing organic carbon content of the sediments, indicating increasing anoxicity in the environment of sedimentation.Organic geochemical analyses combined with sedimentological and paleontological data show that the Livello Bonarelli could have been deposited in a paleoenvironment similar to that recently proposed for the Pleistocene Mediterranean sapropels, with an intermittent influx of fresh water leading to stagnation and a high productivity of marine organic matter caused by the transported nutrients.     

柴达木盆地西南区第三纪地层对比与划分

柴达木盆地西南区是青海油田的主要产油区,该区第三纪地层对比划分一直没有统一,从而导致区域性勘探难度增加,影响该区的勘探进程和生产工作。在前人研究的基础上,以层序地层学为指导综合运用岩性、电性、古生物和地震等资料,通过对研究区单井资料的分析和对区域地层特征的研究,得出了柴西南区各地层层序内部特征与层序界面特征,从而建立了柴西南区统一的地层对比与划分标准。     

Biostratigraphy of Upper Quaternary sediments in the southern part of the Oceanology Institute Rise,Sea of Okhotsk

The diversified analysis (data on radiocarbon ages, diatoms, planktonic and benthic foraminifers) of sediments from the central part of the Sea of Okhotsk (core from a depth of 1186 m) made it possible to define five sedimentary units corresponding to five marine oxygen-isotope stages MIS 5-MIS 1 (the last 120 ka) and provide their thorough paleontological characteristic, using different microfossil groups. Microfossil assemblages demonstrate variations in their abundance, distribution of individual species, and representatives of different ecological groups through the section.     

Late-Pleistocene (MIS 3-2) palaeoenvironments as recorded by sediments,palaeosols, and ground-squirrel nests at Duvanny Yar,Kolyma lowland,northeast Siberia

A detailed study of the Duvanny Yar section in the Kolyma Lowland (Yakutia) provides the most extensive knowledge to date about late-Pleistocene soil formation processes and environments in the North–East Siberian Arctic. Late-Quaternary palaeoenvironmental changes were reconstructed using paleopedological data and a range of palaeoecological bio-indicators (palynomorphs, plant macrofossils and insects). The frozen sediments representing marine isotope stage 3 (MIS-3), which encompasses the Karginsky interstadial, include profiles of four palaeosols of different ages. The oldest palaeosol is early Karginskian, and three overlying soil horizons represent a late-Karginskian pedocomplex. Palaeopedological data indicate a change of from synlithogenic soil formation processes to epigenic ones during these intervals. The intervening periods of synlithogenic pedogenesis were accompanied by active accumulation of eolian deposits. The Earlier Karginskian period of pedogenesis occurred in the absence of eolian sedimentation and when summer conditions were warm. The wide spectrum of peaty and peaty-gley soils observed in the late-Karginskian deposits developed under conditions of progressive cooling. The structure and content of fossil rodent burrows dated to approximately 30 000 yr BP from frozen late-Pleistocene deposits at Duvanny Yar indicate an arid and severe climate, a depth of active layer of 60–80 cm, and a wide distribution of disturbed habitats with pioneer and steppe vegetation.     

Late Mesozoic stratigraphy in western Liaoning,China: A review

Based on progress in stratigraphic and paleontological studies, we discuss the subdivision of Late Mesozoic strata in western Liaoning, focusing on the controversies surrounding the relationship of the Jiufotang and Shahai formations, and whether or not the Zhanglaogongtun and Banlashan formations exist as distinct lithologic units. We describe the Late Mesozoic strata at representative sections associated with the new discoveries. We also discuss the correlation of Late Mesozoic strata between western Liaoning and eastern Heilongjiang and their implications for the ages of the strata in Liaoning.     

Holocene Floral and Faunal Remains Revealed Concealed Neotectonic Disturbance (Saria Tal, Kumaun Himalaya, India)

Palynological and paleontological investigations supported by the radiocarbon dates of the lacustrine sediments of two profiles from the temperate lake Saria Tal, in Naini Tal District, Kumaun Himalaya, have revealed the presence of a concealed fold at the region. The profile from bore cores represents the upper part of the Late Holocene and the profile from exposed sections from the Middle Holocene to the over middle part of the Late Holocene. The data generated from different investigations have uniformly indicated that the former profile represents normal superposition, while the latter represents the reverse order. The contemporary pollen as well as molluscan zones of both profiles are situated at different elevations but consist of similar bioremains – indicating continuation of the same strata in two profiles. The presence of reverse order of superposition, continuation of the same strata in two profiles at different elevations, and the orientation of biozones, have indicated that the revealed folding is of syncline type. The present study has also given an idea about the origin of this lake.     

新疆萨勒布尔山中晚志留世地层划分

根据已发表的大量古生物资料和实测地层剖面垂向岩性变化，依据国际地层指南修订版（1994）划分原则，将萨勒布尔山中上志留统详细划分为沙尔布尔组（S2s），克克雄库都克组和乌吐布拉克组。根据床板珊瑚、日射珊瑚组合特征，划分出三个组合带，自下而上为Dictyosolenia-Subalveolites－Halysites（S2）相当温洛克阶，Cladopora-Visbylites相当罗德洛阶，Diploepora-Aulocystis相当普日多利阶组合带。其生物和岩石地层特征与塔尔巴哈台山及巴尔喀什湖北部地区完全可以对比。还描述床板珊瑚、日射珊瑚5属9种（其中新种8个）。     

The Lower Tauric suite (Upper Triassic) in the Kacha Anticline Uplift of mountainous Crimea

Deposits of the Lower Tauric suite (Upper Triassic) are exposed in the Kacha Anicline Uplift (Southeastern Crimea) near the source of the Bodrak River. Their rhythmostratigraphic, lithological, and paleontological charactristics are given for the first time; their tectonic position is determined and their age is specified. The principles for stratigraphic subdivision of the Tauric series are formulated.     

贵州盘县晚二叠世潮坪相沉积特征

通过对贵州盘县上二叠统钻井资料的研究分析,基于沉积岩石学、沉积学、古生物地史学及沉积地球化学等相标志识别出潮坪沉积以陆源碎屑沉积为主,可细分为砂坪、混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪和潮沟等5种微相。分析认为:潮坪沉积发育海退型进积层序,沉积物粒度整体较细,分选性较好,发育潮汐层理;混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪微相泥岩中V/(V+Ni)、Sr/Ba、U/Th、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ceanom等地球化学参数指示了各微相沉积水体的缺氧-贫氧-氧化状态、贫氧-氧化状态和还原-贫氧-缺氧-氧化状态,与地质背景吻合性好。     

辽东苏子河盆地聂尔库组沉积相与沉积环境研究

辽东苏子河盆地是早白垩世形成的小型断陷盆地,盆地内发育了相对连续的陆相沉积,是研究白垩纪陆地环境及气候演化的理想地区。早白垩世晚期沉积的聂尔库组地层出露连续,沉积现象典型。通过分析聂尔库组沉积岩类型、沉积构造、古生物化石及垂向沉积序列,可识别出扇三角洲相和湖泊相,其中扇三角洲相包括扇三角洲平原亚相、扇三角洲前缘亚相和前扇三角洲亚相,湖泊相主要为滨浅湖泥砂沉积。研究表明,聂尔库组形成于断陷盆地边缘陡坡带,属于间歇性洪水控制的扇三角洲—湖泊沉积体系,经历了扇三角洲—湖泊—扇三角洲的沉积环境变化,代表了断陷湖盆由深陷扩张期—抬升收缩早期的沉积充填过程。根据沉积岩与沉积相特征,结合古生物、特殊沉积、黏土矿物及地球化学资料,认为早白垩世晚期辽东地区总体与当时全球"温室气候"的大背景相一致,处于高温干旱/潮湿的气候条件,但这种高温气候具有不均一性,存在气候波动。