泵吸反循环在中深孔成井工艺技术中的应饪

泵吸反循环是利用砂石泵运转时其吸口处产生的负压,在孔口液面与泵的吸口之间形成反向压差而实现的冲洗液反循环。由于该工艺实现了不提钻连续取心,因而具有钻进效率高,钻探成本低等一系列优点,在水文水井钻探中得到了广泛的应用。     

临汾韩家峪石膏矿矿床地质特征

分析了韩家峪石膏矿矿体地质特征、矿石地质特征,以及矿床成因,得出了该石膏矿主要含矿层位为马家沟组五段下含膏带,呈层状-似层状产出;矿石类型分为交代型、沉积型和充填型三种类型;地表露头广泛发育膏溶特征;矿床成因为浅水蒸发型形成于潮上带盐沼(萨勃哈)环境蒸发作用,沉积型石膏形成于泻湖环境蒸发泵吸作用。     

EFDT地层测试泵抽取样过程数值模拟分析

为提高电缆地层测试工具EFDT泵抽取样的效率,对钻井液滤液和原始地层流体分别建立质量守恒方程,采用有限体积法进行空间离散,应用全隐式格式和Newton-Raphson迭代法求解方程,建立泵抽取样过程数学模型,编制地层流体泵抽取样数值模拟程序。对不同类型探针(标准探针、大极板式探针和三维径向探针)的泵抽取样过程进行数值模拟分析。结果表明：三维径向探针可以显著增加过流面积,极大缩短抽取合格样品时间,在低渗和中高渗地层中能保持较高的作业效率,适合复杂地层采样作业。在泵抽取样过程中,标准探针和大极板式探针钻井液滤液和原始地层流体的流动呈“锥”状的两相驱替流态,原始地层流体突破较早,清理钻井液滤液、达到取样标准的时间较长。该结果为电缆地层测试地层流体泵抽取样过程中探针的选取和泵抽时间的估计提供参考。     

新的重力三程观测程序及试验结果

现行三程观测程序具有经济、方便、计算简单等特点,但由于计算模式过于简单,对读数缺少检核,故处理野外观测中出现复杂情况的能力有限。针对这种缺陷,本文提出了增加辅助点观测和中间点观测的新的重力三程观测程序,并进行了试验。试验结果表明:新程序不仅在计算段差、精度估算、分离突然掉格等方面优于现行三程观测程序,且有明显的经济效益。     

煅烧高岭土分级后不同粒度段产品对吸油量、遮盖力的影响

通过对1250目煅烧高岭土的湿法后分级,分级出不同粒径的产品,检测其遮盖力和吸油量,分析不同粒径的产品对吸油量、遮盖力的影响程度,通过分析可以看出,不同粒径下的煅烧高岭土,在吸油量和遮盖力上差距较大.     

考虑渗吸效应的致密油藏体积改造可行性分析

为探究致密储集层在毛管力、重力作用下的渗吸机理,考虑致密储集层特征(相渗、毛管力等),推导出了一维两相逆向渗吸模型,利用Mattax和Kyte方法对时间无因次处理后,采用差分方法进行求解,给出了3种边界条件下方程的解,并对常规砂岩和致密岩心渗吸结果进行了对比。结果表明:①体积改造后形成复杂缝网,储集层渗吸作用可分为重力辅助渗吸、重力抑制渗吸和零重力渗吸;②尽管致密储集层孔喉半径小,毛管压力高,渗吸动力强,但由于其孔渗条件差,流体流动受限,综合来说其饱和度前缘慢于常规高渗储集层;③毛管力在常规砂岩和致密储集层的渗吸中均起主导作用,重力在高渗砂岩渗吸中表现明显,而在致密储集层渗吸中表现不明显;④对于致密储集层,通过水平井分段多簇、细分切割,甚至“体积改造”的压裂模式,增加润湿相与裂缝壁面的接触面积和接触体积,则可充分发挥渗吸作用,置换出更多的油气,提高原油产量。新疆油田玛18区块现场试验表明,致密储集层发挥渗吸作用可提高原油产量2~4 t/d。      

重力段差的计算方法

在两个重力点间测量重力差,一般连续地进行多程联测。目前,在重力网中常用三程测量和五程测量;在重力基线上测定重力仪格值时,则采用多程测量。计算重力段差值虽可用先按每两程观测计算一个结果,然后取全部结果的平均值作为最终结果;但它是一种近似的计算方法。严密方法应是整体平差计算多程测量结果,并采用更完善的仪器掉格模式,以得到最终段差值。本文根据附有未知数的条件平差法原理,给出多程测量时段差值计算,及其精度估计的严密公式;计算工作量比用间接平差法要少,而且容易运算。通过实例说明,整体处理多程测量结果时,则以较少的观测程数就能保证段差结果的精度,而且能更客观地评定精度。     

尼古拉兹圆管沿程水流阻力实验的新发现

关于圆管沿程阻力系数的变化规律至今一直沿用尼古拉兹(Nikuradse)的实验结果。在参考尼古拉兹实验的基础上,
采用与其相似的制作工艺,设计并制作了相对粗糙度Δ/d 为1/30.89的人工粗糙圆管,开展了不同流速条件下的水流阻力实验,
验证了尼古拉兹关于圆管沿程水流阻力随水流流态变化的规律,同时发现尼古拉兹当年在人工粗糙圆管制作过程中采用的“二次
刷胶”粘贴砂粒的方法,使得圆管内壁砂粒的实际粗糙度减小,其实验所得的圆管沿程阻力系数偏小。本次圆管沿程阻力系数确
定的实验方法能够更准确地获得人工粗糙圆管沿程阻力系数,今后可以据此开展相应的系统实验,对尼古拉兹人工粗糙圆管沿程
阻力系数及其变化规律加以修正。      

所长帮俺解难题

正5月24日一大早,睢县尚屯镇国土资源所所长程战士刚打开办公室门,便被来人堵个正着。"原来是小张,啥事来这么早啊?"见来人是常郭屯村的张玉宁,程战士询问道。"程所长,我的养殖场昨天建好了,收完麦子就能买猪崽儿了,特意向你致谢呢!"只见张玉宁捧着一面锦旗,双手递到程战士眼前,上面"心系群众,为民解忧"的八个金色大字熠熠生辉。     

新重力三程观测程序的试验结果

本文介绍改进后的重力三程观测程序、段差计算方法及两个测区重力网的验验结果。并与原三程观测序程的资料精度、作业效率、返工量等方面进行了比较。     

浅层地热能开发利用地质环境影响与监测系统建设研究

浅层地热能的开发利用能取得的环境、社会和经济效益显著,已被社会广泛认可。但它的开发利用是通过热泵系统,从地质体中汲取地温资源与建筑物间进行能量交换,必然打破地质环境的自然生态平衡。该文分析了地源热泵工程对岩土体和地下水的温度、地下水水位、水质、微生物生存环境等产生的影响。介绍了地质环境监测系统建设内容,包括前端数据采集系统、数据传输系统和控制系统,重点介绍了地埋管和地下水2种不同换热方式热泵工程各自前端数据采集系统中地质环境监测点(孔)平面布置位置和数量、垂向上监测仪器的深度和间隔距离、主要的监测项目、监测精度、频率要求,以及利用监测数据可进行分析的内容等。     

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????GPS?????????????(PWV)??????????????????????????SA????????????????GPS???????????????????GPS????????????????????????θ???????????????ù??????????????????????????С??100 m???????????????????μ????????????Saastamoinen?????????????????????????????????IGS???BJFS??KUNM??LHAZ??TWTF??????????????????????????????????GPS PWV????????????????????RS PWV?????ж???????????????????????????θ???????????????????GPS PWV??RS PWV??????????????1~3 mm?????????????????????????????????GPS????PWV??     

Experimental Investigation of Wave Load and Run-up on the Composite Bucket Foundation Influenced by Regular Waves

In the design of wind turbine foundations for offshore wind farms, the wave load and run-up slamming on the supporting structure are the quantities that need to be considered. Because of a special arc transition, the interaction between the wave field and the composite bucket foundation(CBF) becomes complicated. In this study, the hydrodynamic characteristics, including wave pressure, load, upwelling, and run-up, around the arc transition of a CBF influenced by regular waves are investigated through physical tests at Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Ocean University of China. The distributions of the wave pressures and upwelling ratios around the CBF are described, and the relationship between the wave load and the wave parameters is discussed. New formulae based on the velocity stagnation head theory with linear wave theory and the second-order Stokes wave theory for wave kinematics are proposed to estimate the wave run-up. Moreover, the multiple regression method with nonlinear technology is employed to deduce an empirical formula for predicting run-up heights. Results show that the non-dimensional wave load increases with the increase in the values of the wave scattering parameter and relative wave height. The wave upwelling height is high in front of the CBF and has the lowest value at an angle of 135? with the incoming wave direction. The performance of the new formulae proposed in this study is compared using statistical indices to demonstrate that a good fit is obtained by the multiple regression method and the analytical model based on the velocity stagnation head theory is underdeveloped.     

2月龄花鲈形态性状与体质量相关性及通径分析

【目的】探明花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)早期主要形态性状对体质量的影响程度,为其良种选育提供参考。【方法】采用数理统计方法对500尾2月龄花鲈的全长(X₁)、体长(X₂)、体高(X₃)、头长(X₄)、头高(X₅)、躯干长(X₆)、吻长(X₇)、眼径(X₈)、尾柄长(X₉)、尾柄高(X₁₀)等10个形态性状和体质量(Y)进行测量分析。【结果】相关性分析结果表明,10个形态性状与体质量的相关性均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01)。通径分析结果发现,体高、全长、眼径、躯干长、吻长、体长等6个性状是影响2月龄花鲈体质量的主要形态性状,其中仅体高对体质量的直接作用大于间接作用,为影响体质量的核心变量。决定系数显示,体高对体质量的单独决定系数最大(0.324),全长和体高对体质量的共同决定系数最大(0.287),6个形态性状对体质量的总决定系数为0.947,表明本研究已将影响2月龄花鲈体质量的主要形态性状全部纳入。经逐步回归分析,拟合得到最优线性回归方程为Y=-1.468+1.314X₃+0.160X₁-0.307X₈+0.149X₆+0.305X₇+0.046X₂。【结论】除体质量外,还须将体高作为花鲈早期选育的目标性状。     

Drillhole high-pressure packer permeability test for underground powerhouse in Pushihe pumped storage hydro-plant

Usually the water head of the pumped storage hydro-plant is high, generally up to 400-500 m, therefore the rock mass under the high-pressure bifurcation pipe have to bear as high as millions Pascal water pressure, in according with the requirements of high water head pumped storage hydro-plant should be 1.2 times of the water head special high-pressure packer permeability test compared with normal to test the permeability of rock and rock cleavage pressure value. The test results on the choice of design options often play a decisive role. Based on the engineering practice, the authors studied the drillhole high-pressure packer permeability test in the pumped storage hydro-plant's underground powerhouse, by the analysis of test results, this article offers a demonstration of the deformation of rock fracture witch under building in the condition of high-pressure water head, it provides a more detailed engineering geological background.     

An experimental study on the wave-induced pore water pressure change and relative influencing factors in the silty seabed

In this study, a flume experiment was designed to investigate the characteristics of wave-induced pore water pressure in the soil of a silty seabed with different clay contents, soil layer buried depths and wave heights respectively. The study showed that water waves propagating over silty seabed can induce significant change of pore water pressure, and the amplitude of pore pressure depends on depth of buried soil layer, clay content and wave height, which are considered as the three influencing factors for pore water pressure change. The pressure will attenuate according to exponential law with increase of soil layer buried depth, and the attenuation being more rapid in those soil layers with higher clay content and greater wave height. The pore pressure in silty seabed increases rapidly in the initial stage of wave action, then decreases gradually to a stable value, depending on the depth of buried soil layer, clay content and wave height. The peak value of pore pressure will increase if clay content or depth of buried soil layer decreases, or wave height increases. The analysis indicated that these soils with 5% clay content and waves with higher wave height produce instability in bed easier, and that the wave energy is mostly dissipated near the surface of soils and 5% clay content in soils can prevent pore pressure from dissipating immediately.     

软流圈气体压力和洋板自重驱动海底扩张

基于地幔软流圈不断产生高温气体的事实和气体压力随密度和温度而变的特性，提出：洋板（海洋岩石圈部分）随其下高温气体积聚增压而逐渐上隆，最后会从弯张应力最大的中部断裂并弹性回缩；熔岩随气体喷出楔入裂缝，使洋板保持拱隆状并使其下气体压力骤降；洋板因自重下沉并产生巨大推力，使相邻大陆向两旁分离或将洋板边缘推入软流圈而熔融；楔入的熔岩形成新洋板和密闭条件使高能气体又重新积聚，旧洋板向两旁推移。这一过程的往复进行即形成海底扩张和大陆漂移。并认为陆板（大陆岩石圈部分）薄化是使其分裂而开始海底扩张的原因。由概化力学模型进行验算所得的洋脊隆起高度、洋脊隆起形状、洋脊在水平面上的分布规律和海底扩张的运动规律等，都与实际情况相符。     

CRITICAL HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS FOR OVERFLOW BURST OF MORAINE LAKE

1OVERFLOWBURSTOFMORAINELAKEFloodwater and debris flow caused by glacial lake burst is an important land process and a serious moun-tain disaster in glacial area. Glacial lakes with burst can divided into the glacier-obstructed lake (ice dam lake) and the terminal moraine lake (XU and FENG, 1988). Typical burst of ice dam lake happens in the modern glacier area of the upper reaches of the Kele-qing River in Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang (WANG, 1990). But most of burst gla…     

贵州洞穴盲副鳅一新种

描记采于贵州茂兰自然保护区一洞穴的盲副鳅一新种,命名为茂兰盲副鳅Paracobitis maolanensisLi,RanetChen sp nov。该种与产于该县的长须盲副鳅Paracobitis longibarbatusChen,YangetSket(1998)的区别为:①口须纤弱而不是发达;②鼻瓣不成须状;而不是鼻瓣发育成鼻须。③胸鳍较长,后伸接近腹鳍起点且形态特殊;④尾鳍深叉;⑤臀鳍条ii,5;而不是ii,6。新种与分布于广西的后鳍盲副鳅Paracobitis posterodarsalusLi,RaoetChen的区别为:①背鳍起点与腹鳍起点相对;而不是在整个腹鳍之后;②口须纤弱鼻瓣不呈鼻须;而不是口须发达,鼻瓣发育成鼻须;③背鳍条iii,8;而不是iii,6;④臀鳍条ii,5;而不是ii,4;⑤胸鳍长而形态特殊。     

现代盐湖钻探工艺技术综述

针对水溶性或液态盐类矿产的取心(采取率、完整度、代表性)或取样、护壁、高承压卤水地层近平衡钻进等主要技术问题,本文以翔实的实践与科研攻关资料,进行了较全面的论述,并确立了一套独具一格的固、液兼顾以液矿为主的盐类矿产的勘探施工方法。