ADO技术在气象数据库建设中的应用探讨

结合现阶段气象信息数据库化业务工作的实践，系统地介绍利用ADO技术开发数据库应用程序的方法，并与使用其他方法编制的数据库应用程序进行了比较，对基于ADO技术的数据库管理、监控模式和实现方法进行了初步探讨。     

数据库发展综述

较详细地介绍了数据库的概念，发展动态以及未来展望，并描述了多媒体数据处理，分布式数据库系统以及数据库间的数据转换等，为从事数据库开发研究的人员提供参考和启发。     

Web数据库的动态发布

着重分析了Web数据库的几种动态发布方案及其优缺点，阐述网站Web数据库的一些技术特点，并介绍一个Web数据库动态发布的过程。     

浅谈"9210"Sybase数据库系统管理与维护

介绍在“9210”Sybase数据库系统管理与维护中的几个主要方法，包括：日志管理、数据库一致性检查、数据空间管理及数据库的备份与恢复，希望能为装有Sybase数据库的台站的系统管理员提供一些帮助。     

赤壁市气候资料管理系统的研制及应用

用时,段分类法对地面气象资料进行分类，通过分类数据库的建立、数据录入和特殊数据的量化处理，形成分类气象资料数据库；利用数据库资料，进行统计和查询服务，基于这一思路，用FoxPro语言编写了赤壁市气候资料系统。     

民航气象数据库资料在MICAPS工作平台上的应用

民航气象数据库自1999年正式运行以来，为航空气象预报提供了丰富的数值预报格点产品和图形产品，但格点数据GRIB码属变网格资料，需解码到标准网格点上，另外在数据库工作站上显示图形不直观某些要素也不能迭加，考虑到这点，民航西南空管局气象中心把民航数据库资料GRIB解码应用到MICAPS工作站上，解决了上述问题，使民航气象数据库资料得到了更广泛和直观的应用。     

河南分布式气候资料库系统设计

从我省省、地（市）两级数据库建设与管理的要求出发，研究了数据库的内容及数据结构模型，为数据库管理设计了数据字典、数据维护及数据服务等基本功能模块。     

利用智能数据库作降水预报

利用智能数据库作降水预报杨志东吉林省气象台１引言由于智能数据库可以对常规报文做自动图形特征提取和归档，并形成历史数据，我们就有可能对这一数据库作历史的统计、整理，总结出一些预报方法来。本文将对我们如何利用０、ｌ回归分析对数据库的知识版行分析和预报做一...     

气象通信业务管理数据库服务系统的开发与研究

介绍了河南省气象通信业务管理数据库。该数据库采用最新关系型数据库管理系统－汉字ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ ＰＬＵＳ（Ｖ２．１０）在微型计算机上建立。数据库管理系统与ＤＢＡＳＥⅢＰＬＵＳ数据库管理系统１００％兼容，且功能比后者又有许多扩充和增强，运算速度也比后者快５．９倍。     

河南分布式气候资料系统设计

从我省省、地（市）两级数数据库建设与管理的要求发出，研究了数据库的内容及数据结构模型，为数据库管理设计了数据字典、数据维护及数据服务等基本功能模块。     

ECMWF极端天气指数在华东台风降水预报中的应用和检验

选取2015—2018年影响华东地区的13个台风个例,分析降水极端天气指数EFI(Extreme Forecast Index)和SOT(Shift of Tails)与台风降水之间的统计关系。结果表明：EFI和SOT与降水气候百分位之间存在明显的正相关关系。EFI和SOT越大,强降水发生概率越高。随着预报时效的增加,EFI和SOT指数对暴雨和大暴雨的预报效果逐渐变差。对于短期(72 h以内的时效),EFI预报技巧优于SOT,而随着预报时效的延长,SOT的预报技巧逐渐接近并超过EFI。以TS评分最大为标准兼顾合理的预报偏差,得到两种极端天气指数不同预报时效、不同等级暴雨的预报阈值。总体而言,事件越极端,EFI和SOT的预报阈值越大,对于暴雨和大暴雨,EFI指数的预报阈值随着预报时效的延长有减小趋势,而SOT的预报阈值基本保持不变。在台风极端降水预报中,EFI和SOT可以作为EC定量降水预报的补充,有助于减少强降水的漏报,并提早发出预警信息。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

自然控制论

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中国冰冻圈变化的适应研究：进展与展望

冰冻圈变化的适应研究是冰冻圈科学领域的新兴研究方向,是当今自然科学与社会科学交叉融合跨学科集成研究的典型代表。起步于2007年的中国冰冻圈变化适应研究,经历了早期的探索,研究重点由评价脆弱性发展为量化冰冻圈变化的影响,形成以影响/风险—脆弱性—适应全链条的完善的研究体系,研究方法突破传统的指标体系赋权法的不足,初步实现了定量化,有机结合影响/风险、脆弱性、适应三方面的研究结果,使冰冻圈变化的适应措施由偏重宏观性、普适性开始转向更有针对性。未来中国冰冻圈变化的适应研究应拓展、完善和深化现有的理论体系,构建冰冻圈与社会经济耦合模型,科学量化冰冻圈全要素变化的影响,建立不同利益相关者与科学家共同参与的研究新模式,科学有效应对与适应冰冻圈变化及其影响。     

中国碳捕集、利用与封存立法和监管体系研究

碳捕集、利用与封存技术（CCUS）被认为是进行温室气体深度减排最重要的技术路径之一。为了促进CCUS技术的发展与应用,欧盟、英国、美国等国家和地区一直积极倡导CCUS实施的制度化和规范化。通过对与CCUS相关的国际公约、重点国家和地区的政策、法规进行系统的梳理,以及对中国的法律制度体系和CCUS政策法规现状的整理,中国CCUS立法和监管体系建立的关键在于解决CO₂的定性、地表权和地下权的确定、保障健康、安全和环境、知识产权的转移和保护、项目审批制度以及激励政策体系的建立等,应有针对性地构建CCUS政策法规体系,逐步完善CCUS政策法规环境,从而推动CCUS在中国的健康发展。     

Light-absorbing particles in snow and ice: Measurement and modeling of climatic and hydrological impact

Light absorbing particles(LAP, e.g., black carbon, brown carbon, and dust) influence water and energy budgets of the atmosphere and snowpack in multiple ways. In addition to their effects associated with atmospheric heating by absorption of solar radiation and interactions with clouds, LAP in snow on land and ice can reduce the surface reflectance(a.k.a., surface darkening), which is likely to accelerate the snow aging process and further reduces snow albedo and increases the speed of snowpack melt. LAP in snow and ice(LAPSI) has been identified as one of major forcings affecting climate change, e.g.in the fourth and fifth assessment reports of IPCC. However, the uncertainty level in quantifying this effect remains very high. In this review paper, we document various technical methods of measuring LAPSI and review the progress made in measuring the LAPSI in Arctic, Tibetan Plateau and other mid-latitude regions. We also report the progress in modeling the mass concentrations, albedo reduction, radiative forcing, and climatic and hydrological impact of LAPSI at global and regional scales. Finally we identify some research needs for reducing the uncertainties in the impact of LAPSI on global and regional climate and the hydrological cycle.     

A political ecology of maladaptation: Insights from a Gramscian theory of the State

This article analyzes a political process in the aftermath of a disaster and explains why and how it led to maladaptation. Grounding Gramsci’s theory of the State on a case of post-disaster response to a fatal mudslide in the city of Sarno in Italy, this research argues that, under certain conditions, civil society and the ruling classes may coalesce to produce policies that are maladaptive. We unpack the mechanisms through which consent was reproduced in Sarno, and show how the claims of civil society were articulated and fused with the hegemonic goals of capital circulation and economic growth, reaffirming a view of government as only a provider of safety. A Gramscian treatment of the State as a process, and not as a thing, highlights that the main barrier to adaptation is not the lack of techno-managerial solutions. It is the lack of political struggle around the social reconfiguration of the logic and functions of the State.     

全国综合气象信息共享平台架构设计技术特征

全国综合气象信息共享平台（CIMISS）是依托天气雷达数据共享平台工程项目建成的国省统一数据环境,实现各类气象数据的规范管理,直接支撑气象业务应用。该文介绍了CIMISS架构设计及核心内容,结合业务应用效果的实例分析,阐述架构设计如何有效提升数据和应用的集约高效。借鉴企业架构（EA）方法,建立了业务架构、数据架构、应用架构、技术架构和标准规范体系。采用一系列架构优化设计,包括实现元数据统一管理同步、数据质量控制、统一业务监控、异构数据库统一数据服务、优化信息流程、分层设计和集群技术应用等,满足CIMISS标准性、扩展性、稳定性等需求,获得良好的全流程数据服务时效,核心资料接收入库总耗时均小于3 min,数据访问效率较国家级气象资料存储检索系统提升2~5倍。继承现有CIMISS架构设计成果,正在设计中的气象大数据平台整体技术架构将向云平台、分布式存储等新技术升级。     

天津市静海区暴雨灾害风险精细化评估

根据天津市静海区18个乡镇2009—2018年逐时降水量,以及社会经济、地理地形、水利设施等数据,结合历史受灾信息,分别对静海区的暴雨致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性及防灾减灾能力进行分析,采用GIS技术和统计方法多因子叠加,综合得出静海地区暴雨灾害风险精细化评估和区划。研究发现,静海区北部区域以及南部中旺镇及其周边风险较高,而静海地区中部的风险较低;暴雨灾害高风险区主要分布在致灾因子敏感性、承灾体易损性较高而防灾减灾能力较低的静海镇和梁头镇及其周边,应加强防灾减灾设施建设。     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.