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1.
南海夏季风爆发前后华南地区大气结构和能量收支的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文计算、分析了1981年南海夏季风爆发前后华南地区平均的大气动力学和热力学结构,水汽和能量收支情况。分析表明,在季风爆发前后这些物理量场,特别是垂直运动场,都经历了一次明显的变化。南海夏季风的建立,是以副热带高压从南海东撒,越赤道气流北进为特征。它与以"爆发性涡旋"为开始,降水与西南气流同时开始的印度夏季风有所不同。另外,南海夏季风建立过程,主要变化发生在中、上层大气之中。这说明夏季风的建立,主要是大气环流季节性调整的结果,海陆差异需要有合适的大气环流配合才能产生明显的季风。对大气能量收支的分析表明,夏季风爆发前,华南地区主要是动能向总位能转换。所产生的总位能部分辐散到边界之外,部分消耗在对流层上层非绝热冷却过程之中,因而在对流层下部总位能才有稍明显的增长。夏季风爆发后,整个能量循环几乎相反。总位能大量转换为动能,以维持南海夏季风的增长。而整层大气中的非绝热加热以及总位能的辐合又补充了大气中总位能的损耗。潜热释放是夏季风爆发后大气的主要非绝热加热过程,它是南海夏季风维持,发展的主要能源。 相似文献
2.
利用1998年南海季风试验(SCSMEX)资料和区域动能收支方程,对南海南部和北部两个区域该年夏季风爆发前后的区域总动能和区域扰动动能收支进行了诊断分析。结果表明,南海北区夏季风爆发前后动能主要在高层制造,大部分动能被摩擦消耗,南区夏季风爆发前后动能主要在高层被破坏,摩擦项充当动能源。扰动动能主要在高层和部分在低层制造。在此期间,南海地区一直向邻近区域输出动能。 相似文献
3.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,(2)
针对2018年7月10-11日青藏高原东部一次暴雨过程,利用模式模拟资料分析了有效位能分布特征,成因及其对降水发展演变的影响.结果表明,有效位能主要分布在对流层低层4km以下和高层8-14km,高层有效位能和降水有更好的对应性西北冷平流和降水粒子下落的蒸发作用是低层有效位能高值中心的主要成因,而降水过程释放潜热带来的热力扰动叠加高原大地形造成的位温扰动是导致高层有效位能高值的主要原因.有效位能收支分析表明,有效位能的通量输送项以及与动能间的转换项是主要源汇项.低层有效位能的经向通量输送和动能向有效位能的转化补给了有效位能的耗散;高层有效位能向垂直动能转化增强垂直运动是促进降水发展演变的主要因素.高层有效位能与垂直运动之间的正反馈过程使得两者相关性较强;低层较长时间内均存在垂直动能向有效位能的转化,削弱了垂直运动,而西北冷平流使得低层有效位能有增强的趋势,因此二者相关性较弱. 相似文献
4.
8014号热带气旋发生发展过程的能量学诊断研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
利用动能和总位能收支方程,对8014号强热带风暴过程进行了能量学诊断研究。结果表明,地转作用是该热带气旋中辐散风动能向旋转风动能转换的主要物理机制;非绝热加热是热带气旋发展的主要能源,其对总位能的制造大部分用于次网格耗散和侧边界输出,只有一小部分被转化为辐散风动能;两个转换函数C(P,Kx)和C(Kx,Kφ)在时空分布上具有很好的一致性;该热带气旋与周围环境场有明显的能量交换,在高层有总位能和旋转风动能输出,在低层有辐散风动能输入;在总动能收支中,辐散风作功是主要的功能产生项,旋转风作功主要是消耗动能。 相似文献
5.
当非绝热经向不均匀加热作用制造平均有效位能多,而平均有效位能向扰动有效位能输送少时,平均有效位能就增加,反之就减少,这是平均有效位能变化的指数循环振动的主要机制。平均有效位能变化的短期振动主要决定于平均有效位能与扰动有效位能的相互作用。 平均动能变化的振动的主要机制是平均动能与扰动动能的相互作用。 相似文献
6.
夏季沿西亚急流Rossby波活动异常的波源和能量传播及转换特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
用1958-2003年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用涡度源方程、Eliassen-Palm通量(EP通量)和非绝热效应的波能方程,分析了夏季沿西亚急流Rossby波活动(WAJRA)异常的波源、能量传播和转换特征,从大气动力学内部机制上进一步认识WAJRA异常的成因,提高对中高纬大气环流异常机理的理解.研究表明,对流层高层位于地中海和北大西洋-斯堪的纳维亚半岛的负涡度源区和EP通量强辐散区为夏季WAJRA异常的波源区.当波源区位置和强度出现异常时,波源所激发东传的Rossby波活动也出现异常,从而导致WAJRA强弱变化.WAJRA强(弱)年冰岛-斯堪的那维亚半岛(斯堪的那维亚半岛以东)EP通量强辐散区激发Rossby波并沿2条路径向东传播,一支向东传播在乌拉尔山附近转向东南并在里海、咸海-新疆上空进入亚洲副热带西风急流传播增强(减弱),另一支直接向东南方向传播在地中海东部-黑海附近进入亚洲西风急流增强(减弱),此外,地中海上空EP通量辐散也增强(减弱),它们共同作用使得WAJRA增强(减弱).沿西亚地区副热带西风急流(简称西亚急流,指亚洲副热带西风急流的15°-60°E部分)非绝热加热产生扰动有效位能远大于基本气流动能向扰动动能的转换和基本气流有效位能向扰动有效位能的转换.西亚急流Rossby波活动强年(弱年)伊朗高原及其北侧的西亚地区非绝热加热产生的有效位能增强(减弱)显著,是WAJRA增强(减弱)的能量源. 相似文献
7.
一次东北冷涡发展过程中的能量学研究 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
对一次典型的东北冷涡过程做了能量学分析。结果表明,东北冷涡活动具有鲜明的阶段性能量学特征。东北冷涡发展之前,各种能量之间的转换很小,边界通量也处于正负相间的振荡状态。早期发展阶段,扰动动能边界通量作用是至关重要的。随着非绝热加热制造扰动有效位能和扰动有效位能向扰动动能转换的大幅度增长,以及外界扰动动能的大量输送和纬向平均动能向扰动动能转换的明显加强,导致了东北冷涡的强烈发展,即这一时期区域内部的能量过程也同样十分重要。东北冷涡的减弱是从有大量扰动动能转换成纬向平均动能开始的,随后加上扰动有效位能向扰动动能转换以及边界通量作用的减弱,使得冷涡逐渐衰亡。 相似文献
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9.
本文基于CFSR每日4个时次、水平分辨率为0.5°×0.5°全球预报场资料,美国NCEP中心每日4个时次、水平分辨率为1°×1°FNL全球再分析格点资料,以及华中地区国家基准站逐小时的加密降水资料,围绕2015年6月1日华中地区的一次中尺度对流低涡(mesoscale convective vortex,MCV)天气过程,通过WRF模拟和能量诊断的方法,重点研究了低涡增强期内的能量分布特征及其对低涡发展的影响机制。研究结果表明:此次MCV初生于湖北中部地区,低涡生成后向湖北东北部大别山地区移动且不断发展加强,MCV增强阶段的降水带分布由早期的三中心分布(分别位于宜昌、荆州、随州)演变为后期的纬向型雨带分布。降水产生的凝结潜热释放、对流有效位能的增强、低层暖湿气流的输送以及中层干冷空气的侵入等有利的环境场条件对低涡的增强起到了重要的推动作用。低涡的增强对能量演变有重要影响,具体表现为一方面MCV外围辐合气流随低涡发展而增强,引起对流层低层扰动动能的增加,另一方面MCV外围降水产生的凝结潜热,导致对流层中层扰动有效位能的增加,之后通过垂直气流作用使扰动有效位能向上输送,从而使对流层高层的扰动有效位能增加。另外,此次MCV增强阶段的能量制造项依次为:扰动有效位能向扰动动能的转换,不同高度层的基本气流黏性力作用效果,纬向平均有效位能向扰动有效位能的转换,以及来自系统外部扰动动能的输入。其中,扰动有效位能向扰动动能转换是对MCV发展增强的直接贡献项,对其空间分布特征进一步分析可知,在对流层低层和顶层,扰动有效位能向扰动动能转换,使辐合辐散气流增强;而在对流层中高层,扰动动能向扰动有效位能转换,为低涡发展成熟后的继续维持储备了必要的能量。 相似文献
10.
1979年夏季风爆发前后中国东部和日本上空动能的大尺度收支 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文计算了1979年夏季风爆发前后中国东部和日本上空天气尺度扰动和总的气流中动能的收支.发现最大涡旋动能制造时期分别对应三个研究区(华南,华中和日本)的雨季.涡旋动能主要在高层(300—100 mb)和部分在低层制造,其中很大一部分被摩擦作用消耗,但同时也有相当一部分由三个研究区输送到周围环境.因而这些地区在涡旋动能制造时期可以被看成是重要的涡旋动能源. 总气流中的动能收支密切地与高、低空急流活动有关.总之,根据能量分析得到的结果表明,夏季风的爆发和推进对东亚大气环流和扰动有非常重要的影响. 相似文献
11.
By using the data from observation on the Chinese research vessel Xiang Yang Hong No.5 and other sources during AMEX phase II, the kinetic energy budget and circulation characteristics of the tropical storm Irma were analyzed.Irma formed on the ITCZ of the Southern Hemisphere. During the formative stage of the storm, the SE trades and monsoon westerlies on both sides of the ITCZ strengthened, and more importantly, there was a strong divergent flow in upper troposphere. These contributed to the intensification of Irma. At the time when Irma formed, the Richardson number (Ri) in middle and lower troposphere was much smaller than that prior to and post the formation.When Irma intensified rapidly, the area-averaged kinetic energy in the general flow increased in the whole troposphere . The largest contribution came from kinetic energy generation term, -[v.(?)(?)] .indicates that there existed a strong ageostrophic accetration. As to the generation term , the conversion of available potential energy to kinetic energy, - |ωα|, made the largest contribution. This illustrates the importance of internal sources and of the ensemble effect of cumulus convection to the kinetic energy.To the increase of area-averaged eddy kinetic energy during the rapid intensification of Irma, the most impor tant source in the whole troposphere was the dissipation term - [E'], that should be interpreted as the. feeding of eddy kinetic energy from smaller to larger scale disturbances. Another important source was generation term, - [v' (?)(?)'], in the lower troposphere. Rather small contribution came from the energy conversion from the kinetic energy of area-mean flow to eddy kinetic energy. Therefore, the eddy kinetic energy of the developing tropical disturbance extracted both from smaller an, .arger scale motions. The former was much more important than the latter In addition, the disturbance acting as a generator and exporter, generated and exported eddy kinetic energy to the environmental atmosphere. 相似文献
12.
An analysis is made of the effects of topography on the summer atmospheric energetics of the Northern Hemisphere in a low-resolution global spectral model. The numerical model is a global, spectral, primitive equation model with five equally spaced sigma levels in the vertical and triangular truncation at wavenumber 10 in the horizontal. The model includes comparatively full physical processes.Each term of the energy budget equations is calculated in four specific latitudinal belts (81.11°S-11.53°S; 11.53°S-11.53°N; 11.53°N-46.24°N; 46.24°N-81.11°N) from a five-year simulation with mountains and a one-year simulation without mountains, respectively. Differences between them are compared and statistically tested. The results show that synoptical scale waves transport available potential energy and kinetic energy to long waves and increase conversion from available potential energy of the zonal flow to eddy’s and from the eddy kinetic energy to the zonal kinetic energy in region 3 (11.53°N-46.24°N) due to mountains; topography intensifies the atmospheric baroclinity in region 3, consequently the baroclinic conversion of atmosphere energy is increased. The seasonal characteristics associated with the summer atmospheric energy source in region 3 are caused by seasonal variation of the solar radiation and the land-ocean contrasts and independent of topographic effects. The mechanism of topographic effects on the increase of long wave kinetic energy is also discussed. 相似文献
13.
P. L. S. Rao 《大气科学进展》2000,17(4):576-586
1. IntroductionThe Asian summer monsoon circulation is a thermally driven circulation, which arisesprimarily from the temperature differences between the warmer continental areas of theNorthern Hemisphere and the oceans of the Southern Hemisphere. The complex feedback between the flow field and the heating, especially through the interaction between thelarge--scale flow and moist convection, is yet to be well understood. Nevertheless, this facetensures the prominence of the summer monsoon ci… 相似文献
14.
Yeong-Jer Lin 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1988,44(4):349-357
Dual-Doppler data collected from 1646 to 1648 MDT on 14 July, 1982 in Colorado were employed to study the eddy kinetic energy budget in the subcloud layer of a microburst-producing thunderstorm during its mature stage. Each term in the budget equation was computed from the Doppler-derived winds and retrieved thermodynamic fields within the 10 by 10 km horizontal domain. Results show that in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) where the microburst dominates, the turbulent flow extracts energy from the mean flow in order for the microburst to maintain its strong diverging outflow at low levels. The vertical transport of eddy kinetic energy is predominantly downward in the low layer due to the organized downdrafts in the microburst area. The horizontal flux convergence (divergence) of eddy kinetic energy by the mean and eddying motions is approximately balanced by that of the vertical flux divergence (convergence). Similarly, the contributions from the pressure and buoyancy production terms are nearly in balance. As a result, a net change of the eddy kinetic energy generation in the subcloud layer is relatively small in comparison with the individual term in the budget equation. 相似文献
15.
Local energetics on explosive development of extratropical marine cyclone was proposed and adiagnosis of the representative cases was performed from local balance,net volume integrationbudget and vertical distribution using the derived eddy kinetic energy equation and eddy availablepotential energy equation.The results revealed that three primary scenarios are responsible for therapid growth of eddy kinetic energy and explosive cyclogenesis,and that a primary explosivedevelopment mechanism is the enhanced baroclinic instability by eddy heat transport and eddydiabatic heating,and that the explosive eyclogenesis is essentially a product of the peculiarclimatological background bearing strong thermal difference in cold season and its conversionpotential. 相似文献
16.
季风槽中热带气旋生成初期扰动的扰动动能收支分析 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
热带气旋总是发生在天气尺度扰动中,本文利用NCEP/NCAR提供的FNL资料,选取了2004年8月11日—9月10日期间季风槽中5个热带气旋生成初期扰动,通过计算动能收支分析这些初期扰动的发展。其中4个热带气旋都是生成在向西北方向传播的天气尺度波列的气旋性环流中,气旋性环流可以和呈东北—西南方向倾斜西传的MRG波的逆时针环流耦合。动能收支计算表明,初期扰动动能在热带气旋生成前12~72 h不断增加,扰动位势通量的辐合对扰动动能增长起了主要作用。在季风槽东端的合流区时,能量聚集项有重要作用,随着扰动移入季风槽内,低频纬向风切变项成为能量增加的一个重要来源。Sarika生成于季风槽西撤阶段,非线性作用项对扰动发展起了关键作用。 相似文献
17.
计算了各年南海夏季风建立前后流场的场相似度、场比幅、季风分量动能强度指数和突变度。指出按变差度最大或相似度绝对值最小及其变化最陡以及比幅最小,可客观定量地定出季风来临的预兆日期,在大多年份该日期比用天气气候学方法得到的季风来临(爆发)日期要早些,且两者有较好正相关。绝大多数年份季风建立时有环流突变发生,但也有少数年份呈调和变化或二次突变。季风分量动能强度指数能够反映各年南海夏季风建立后的强度。最后分析指出,南海850 hPa夏季风的前兆日期,突变度和强度指数都有明显的年际和年代际变化。 相似文献
18.
Energy analysis of open regions of turbulent flows — mean eddy energetics of a numerical ocean circulation experiment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The concepts involved in the interpretation of energy budgets in subregions of a turbulent flow are examined in order to determine the processes responsible for the production, transport, and dissipation of energy throughout a dynamically inhomogeneous circulation. An interpretation of the effects of Reynolds stress—mean flow interaction work for open regions is presented in terms of the change in the total mean kinetic energy. In an arbitrary volume of fluid the changes in kinetic energy of the mean flow and the mean kinetic energy of the eddy flow are not generally equal and opposite, so this process is not generally responsible for a conversion of energy between the two forms. These ideas are then applied to a regional kinetic energy analysis of the mesoscale resolution general ocean circulation numerical experiment of Robinson et al. (1977). The spatial structure of the various terms in the equation for the mean eddy kinetic energy is examined. The issues involved in selection of a set of analysis regions are discussed and explored via examination of budgets over different subregions of this flow. Thereby a relatively simple picture of the regional energetics emerges. Mean eddy kinetic energy is produced by conversion of kinetic energy of the mean flow in the net over the recirculation and near field of the northern boundary current system and roughly half of this energy is lost to each of mean eddy pressure work transport and diffusion work. Budgets over subregions of this net source region are much more complex. The interior eddy field is driven by pressure work influx, while the southwestern region has eddy buoyancy work conversion of mean potential energy as its energy source. At every depth level the eddy field draws its kinetic energy from the mean flow, when averaged over the horizontal extent of the basin or over the recirculation and near field. 相似文献