中国的地质环境与隐伏矿床

从地质学的角度我们认识到东西向构造带的重要,通过地球物理资料解释,表明我国存在南北向梯级带．中国大陆是由多个块体拼合而成的,它具有“东西成带,南北分块”的特征．如果将阴山-燕山、秦岭-大别和南岭三条东西向构造带,大兴安岭-太行山-武陵山、贺兰山-龙门山南北带两条南北向梯级带以及松潘-甘孜、柴达木两个三角地区统一来考虑的话,可以用“三横、两竖和两个三角”来形象地比喻中国大陆宏观构造特征．它们与矿产资源的分布有着密切的联系     

滇西永胜地区地震地质特征

本文研究了永胜1515年8级大震震区的新构造活动,发现控制该区的南北向构造带与之交汇的东西向构造新活动十分强烈。断裂活动是多期的,各期的活动方式也不同,反映的应力场在輓近时期发生过多次变化,而永胜地震则发生在上述两组构造的交汇处。永胜地震在基岩上形成两条东西向裂缝带。它们以力学性质特殊(是主压应力方向与东西向发震构造平行情况下形成的典型张破裂型裂缝)和单条裂缝宽度最大(最宽处在8米以上)而在国内外罕见。作为本区控震构造的南北向金河——永胜——宾川断裂中常被文献提到并被监测的程海压扭性逆断层是一条新活动很弱、感受构造应力作用很轻的断层,而改为加强监测其东西两侧其它几条新活动强烈的断层为宜。     

青藏高原东北部东西向构造及其地震活动和构造力学模式研究

本文通过对重力和航磁资料解译,研究了青藏高原东北部东西向构造特征。在该区域存在6条大型东西向构造带,它们的共同特点是:(1)东西向延伸超过1000km,南北宽约60km;(2)越向深部东西向构造越明显;(3)两条相邻构造带的间距为1°20′,显示等间距分布特征;(4)在大型东西向的构造带之外还有次级东西向构造带存在。青藏高原东北部强震活动与东西向构造有密切的关系,这是由于在北东向主压应力作用下东西向构造左旋剪切运动的结果。     

1976年龙陵地震地震地质特征的探讨

龙陵地震是由7个相对独立的次级序列组成的强震群,除了两次大震(M7.3,7.4)之外,还发生了M≥6的强震5次。 龙陵地震序列的主要成分发生在被三条大断裂包围的三角形断块内部。发震构造是由一系列规模不大的断层组成的“断层带”,这是一种新生的、处于崛起过程中的活构造,强震的发生是断层发展、连贯过程的体现。发震构造是由北北西—南北向和北东—北东东向的“断层带”交切而成的构造格架,在北北东向的主压应力场作用下,地震活动过程显示了突出的共轭性构造活动。 整个龙陵序列没有一条规模较大的构造统一控制,7个次级序列的主震有各自的破裂面,这些破裂面对震区地震活动的控制能力很低,说明龙陵地震的脆性“碎裂”特征。龙陵序列的主要成分发生在花岗岩基上,花岗岩的相对各向均一性是“碎裂”特征的物性基础。     

中国东部大兴安岭重力梯级带域地球物理场特征及其成因

综合利用7条地学断面（GGT）资料研究了大兴安岭重力梯级带附近的壳幔地球物理特征模式.分析了形成上述地球物理特征的3种因素:东亚大陆边缘周边三大板块运动、地幔流运动和地幔热柱。对大兴安岭重力梯级带的重力异常的正演拟合结果表明，壳幔物质密度不均匀和莫霍界面超伏造成该带的重力异常，地应力场的综合作用产生了该重力梯级系列地球物理特征。最后，探讨了大兴安岭重力梯级带成因机制，提出了以“挤”、“涌”为动力的“三结点模型”。     

中国大陆垂直向现代地壳运动基本特征

本文应用中国大陆范围内重复测量的精蜜水准网,采用伪逆动态平差计算,编绘了中国大陆现代地壳垂直形变速率图。图中显示出,中国大陆现代地壳运动具有南升北降的特点,最大上升量在喜马拉雅山地区,下降最强烈的是在准噶尔盆地及三江平原地区;又以“南北带”可分为东西两大部分,整体受区域构造控制明显。图中所反映的断裂活动清楚,东部以北北东—北东向占主导,兼有北西及东西向,西部多为北西西及北东东向,部分呈弧形及南北向。形变速率及形态的变化还明显受深部及板块构造运动的控制。形变梯度带与地震带有较好的对应,地震多发生在等值线较密集的地区、上升与下降过渡地区及有两组等值线转折交汇的部位。     

班公—怒江构造带的电性结构特征——大地电磁探测结果

对青藏高原过班公—怒江构造带的三条大地电磁剖面进行探测,获得班公—怒江构造带及其邻区的电性结构模型,研究了班公—怒江构造带的深部结构与构造特征.研究结果表明：构造带及其两侧上地壳内广泛分布不连续高阻体,反映了岩浆岩的空间分布特征,表明构造带南北两侧岩浆的活动规律可能存在较大差别.研究区内的冈底斯及羌塘地体的中、下地壳普遍发育高导层,反映了印度大陆碰撞、俯冲过程的效应与痕迹,而高导层之下的高阻块体则可能是向北俯冲、冷的、刚性的印度大陆地壳.羌塘地体的电性结构模型可以分为南北两个区段,南羌塘块体的壳内高导层与班公—怒江构造带对印度板块俯冲的阻挡作用有关;而北羌塘块体壳内高导层与亚洲大陆对印度板块向北俯冲的“阻挡”与向南“对冲”有关.印度板块向北的俯冲与挤入,受到班公—怒江构造带及亚洲板块的阻挡,可能没有越过班公—怒江构造带,并在班公—怒江构造带附近向下插入软流圈,导致幔源物质上涌,形成壳、幔热交换与物质交换的通道和规模巨大、延伸至上地幔的高导体.班公—怒江构造带的电性结构证明了该构造带是一组产状陡立、巨型的超壳深断裂带.     

青藏高原东北部东西向构造及其地震活动和构造力学模式研究

本文通过对重力和航磁资料解译,研究了青藏高原东北部东西向构造特征。在该区域存在6条大型东西向构造带,它们的共同特点是:(1)东西向延伸超过1000km,南北宽约60km;(2)越向深部东西向构造越明显;(3)两条相邻构造带的间距为1°20'',显示等间距分布特征;(4)在大型东西向的构造带之外还有次级东西向构造带存在。青藏高原东北部强震活动与东西向构造有密切的关系,这是由于在北东向主压应力作用下东西向构造左旋剪切运动的结果。     

中国大陆及其邻域地壳上地幔速度结构的面波层析成像研究.

利用中国数字化地震台网（CDSN）11个台站和IRIS在中国周边的12个数字地震台站的长周期瑞利面波资料，根据面波群速度层析成像方法反演得到的10～92ｓ周期范围内的25个中心周期的群速度分布资料，用光滑约束的遗传算法反演得到了中国大陆及其邻域的地壳上地幔横波三维速度结构；给出了沿北纬30、38两条东西向剖面和沿东径90、120两条南北向剖面的地壳上地幔横波速度结构，并在４个不同深度的水平切片上展示了中国大陆及邻域的横波速度分布图象．      

安徽巢湖——铜陵地区中强地震发生的构造标志

安徽巢湖—铜陵地区是中国大陆内部1个典型的中强地震活动区,曾发生的1585年巢县南5级、1654年庐江东南5级等4次地震呈NNE向带状展布,构成了1条醒目的中强地震活动带。野外地表地质调查、浅层物探、钻探资料、年代学样品的采集测试和断裂活动性综合分析等表明该地区矾山断裂、夏家岭断裂和朗村断裂是前第四纪断裂。铜陵断裂是1条中更新世活动的隐伏断裂,可发生中强地震,控制了近地表的3个雁列状构造的演化和发展。4次地震强度呈现了向S递减的特点,而这与晚新生代无为盆地的凹陷幅度明显大于南边的贵池盆地的特点相一致。在深部构造上,铜陵断裂空间分布特征对应着1条NNE向布格重力异常梯级带。巢湖—铜陵地区中更新世活动的铜陵断裂、雁列状分布的构造、新构造的差异运动以及布格重力异常梯级带与该地区中强地震活动带在空间上的对应性,显示了它们应是中强地震孕育和发生的构造标志。     

滇西北东条带地震围空及条带与中强地震的时空关系

利用1970年1月1日至2008年12月31日云南省地震遥测台网记录的地震目录,对中强以上地震进行余震删除。利用已删除余震的正式目录,研究滇西北东条带中强地震前地震空区及条带的分布情况。1970年以来滇西北东条带共发生31组5.0级以上地震,其中19组地震前存在地震空区、条带现象,占61%。中强地震发生地点与地震前空区、条带分布区域密切相关,在其内部或边缘区域。中强震发生时间与空区和条带结束时间相关,在其结束后半年内发震,对地震短临预测具有一定实际意义。     

Effectiveness of grass strips in trapping suspended sediments from runoff

Little information is available concerning the performance of grass strips for erosion control from steep cropland. An experiment was conducted on 5‐m‐long grass strips with slopes of 3°～15° that were subjected to silt laden runoff and simulated rainfall, to investigate the sediment trapping processes. The grass strips had three treatments including intact grass control (C), no litter (dead grass material covering the soil surface was removed) (NL), and no litter or leaves (only 2～3 cm grass stems and roots were reserved) (NLL). Generally the grass strips had a high effectiveness in trapping sediment from steep cropland runoff. Sediment trapping efficiency (STE) decreased with increasing slope gradient, and even for a 15° slope, STE was still more than 40%. Most sediment deposited in the backwater region before each grass strips. The removal of grass litter or/and leaves had no significant influence on STE. The sediment median size (D₅₀) in inflow was greater than that in outflow, and the difference (ΔD₅₀) decreased with increasing slope. A positive power relationship between STE and ΔD₅₀ can be obtained. Grass strips were more effective in trapping sediments coarser than 10 or 25 µm, but sediments finer than 1 µm were more readily removed from runoff than particles in the range of 2 to approximately 10 µm. Grass litter had less influence on flow velocity than leaves because the deposited sediment partially covered the litter layer. Mean flow velocity and its standard deviation were negatively correlated with STE, and they can help make good estimation of STE. Results from this study should be useful in planting and managing forage grass to effectively conserve soil loss by runoff from steep slopes on the Loess Plateau of China. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A STUDY OF THE RECENT TECTONIC ACTIVITY IN JIANGSUSHANDONG-ANHUI AREA

In this paper two vertical deformation maps have been drawn, based on the accurate leveling data of 1950-1980, in Jiangsu-Shandong-Anhui area. Along combining with neotectonic, geological basis and crustal deformation data, an analysis of the recent tectonic activity in the studied area has been made,and some conclusions have been drawn as follows: (1) The Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone across the studied area is the key tectonic element in recent tectonic activity, and the crustal deform...更多ation is controlled by the fault zone. (2) A study of the two deformation maps shows that the section of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in this area is a creeping section, but both ends of the section are locked parts. The stress concentration ought to be accumulated in these parts. (3) Difference between the two maps suggests that the activity character of the fault zone is right lateral slip during 1950 to 1970, but reverse activity has occurred since 1982 to 1983. This suggests that the most intense earthquake in East 还原 【Abstract】 In this paper two vertical deformation maps have been drawn, based on the accurate leveling data of 1950-1980, in Jiangsu-Shandong-Anhui area. Along combining with neotectonic, geological basis and crustal deformation data, an analysis of the recent tectonic activity in the studied area has been made,and some conclusions have been drawn as follows: (1) The Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone across the studied area is the key tectonic element in recent tectonic activity, and the crustal deformation is controlled by the fault zone. (2) A study of the two deformation maps shows that the section of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in this area is a creeping section, but both ends of the section are locked parts. The stress concentration ought to be accumulated in these parts. (3) Difference between the two maps suggests that the activity character of the fault zone is right lateral slip during 1950 to 1970, but reverse activity has occurred since 1982 to 1983. This suggests that the most intense     

The constraints of strain partitioning and geochronology in Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belts on Qinling orogenic belt

The Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belt lies between the North China Block and Qinling Mountains, including the Luonan-Luanchuan fault zone and the strong deformation zone to the north of the fault. The ductile shear zone, imbricate brittle fault and duplex structure in the fault zone now are the expression of the same tectonic event in different depth. Such lineation structure exists in the tectonic belts as mineral lineation, elongation lineation, crenulation lineation, sheath folds and so on, indicating NE-directed plate motion. Fold axes and thrusts in the strong deformation zone are inclined to the Luonan-Luanchuan fault zone at small angles. The structures with different natures show a regular pattern, produced during oblique convergence of plates. The convergence factors are as follows: The direction of plate convergence is 22°, 31° and the angle between the plate convergence direction and plate boundary is 73°, 82° respectively in the west and east segment. The Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belt was deformed strongly in 372 Ma, resulted from Erlangping back-arc ocean basin subduction sinistrally and obliquely to North China Block during the collision of North China Block and South China Block. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40372097 and 40772131)     

Discovery of the Longriba fault zone in eastern Bayan Har block,China and its tectonic implication

Re-measured GPS data have recently revealed that a broad NE trending dextral shear zone exists in the eastern Bayan Har block about 200 km northwest of the Longmenshan thrust on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The strain rate along this shear zone may reach up to 4-6 mm/a. Our interpretation of satellite images and field observations indicate that this dextral shear zone corresponds to a newly generated NE trending Longriba fault zone that has been ignored before. The northeast segment of the Longriba fault zone consists of two subparallel N54°±5°E trending branch faults about 30 km apart, and late Quaternary offset landforms are well developed along the strands of these two branch faults. The northern branch fault, the Longriqu fault, has relatively large reverse component, while the southern branch fault, the Maoergai fault, is a pure right-lateral strike slip fault. According to vector synthesizing principle, the average right-lateral strike slip rate along the Longriba fault zone in the late Quaternary is calculated to be 5.4±2.0 mm/a, the vertical slip rate to be 0.7 mm/a, and the rate of crustal shortening to be 0.55 mm/a. The discovery of the Longriba fault zone may provide a new insight into the tectonics and dynamics of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Taken the Longriba fault zone as a boundary, the Bayan Har block is divided into two sub-blocks: the Ahba sub-block in the west and the Longmenshan sub-block in the east. The shortening and uplifting of the Longmenshan sub-block as a whole reflects that both the Longmenshan thrust and Longriba fault zone are subordinated to a back propagated nappe tectonic system that was formed during the southeastward motion of the Bayan Har block owing to intense resistance of the South China block. This nappe tectonic system has become a boundary tectonic type of an active block supporting crustal deformation along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from late Cenozoic till now. The Longriba fault zone is just an active fault zone newly-generated in late Quaternary along this tectonic system.     

Mianlüe tectonic zone and Mianlüe suture zone on southern margin of Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt

The Mianlue tectonic zone (Mianlue zone), an ancient suture zone in addition to theShangdan suture in the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt, marks an important tectonic division geo-logically separating north from south and connecting east with west in China continent. To de-termine present structural geometry and kinematics in the Mianlue tectonic zone and to recon-struct the formation and evolution history involving plate subduction and collision in theQinling-Dabie orogenic belt, through a multidisciplinary study, are significant for exploring themountain-building orogenesis of the central orogenic system and the entire process of the majorChinese continental amalgamation during the Indosinian.     

郯庐断裂带中南段及邻区Pn波速度结构与各向异性

郯庐断裂带是一条纵贯我国大陆东部NNE走向的巨型深断裂,其中南段及邻区(115°E—122°E,29°N—38°N)跨越了华北断块区、扬子断块区和华南褶皱系三大一级构造单元,由于其重要性和复杂性,长期以来一直是地学家们研究的热点.本文从国际地震中心(ISC)、中国地震台网及区域地震台网的地震观测报告中精心挑选出6381个Pn震相数据,用Pn波时间项层析成像法反演得到了郯庐断裂带中南段及邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构和各向异性.结果显示,研究区上地幔顶部具有显著的横向非均匀性,相对于7.95km·s-1的平均速度而言,Pn波速度值在7.68~8.24km·s-1范围内变化.Pn波速度分布在郯庐断裂带中段和南段具有分段性:沿中段及周边存在一NE向低速异常带,低速可能是由于岩石圈的减薄和软流圈的高温物质沿郯庐带上涌导致;沿南段表现为一NNE向弱高波速异常带,作为高低速的边界带清晰地勾勒出了华北与扬子这两个不同块体,该边界在江苏域向华北地块NW方向凹进.Pn波速度各向异性的强弱与速度分布存在一定的相关性.总体上,如鲁西隆起及以南等低速区、茅山断裂附近的高低速过渡带,其速度各向异性较为强烈;而在具有高速异常的苏北盆地、合肥盆地等稳定区域下方其各向异性较弱.本文通过Pn波震相基本未能探测到郯庐断裂带中段的方位各向异性,推测是上地幔顶部被"冻结"下来的各向异性痕迹被软流圈热物质上涌这一强烈构造运动削弱所导致.南段具有与断裂伸展方向近乎平行的快波速方向.Pn波速度横向变化和强震活动存在一定关联.强震主要发生在Pn波低速异常区或高低速过渡带上.郯城8.5级地震震中位于中段和南段高低速过渡带,该区域也是速度横向变化最大的地方,最容易集中应力和产生应力差.     

Mianle tectonic zone and Mianle suture zone on southern margin of Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt

The Mianle tectonic zone, defined as a series of fault zones consisting mainly of south-verging thrusts and nappes, represents the south boundary of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt. The north side of the eastern end of the Mianle tectonic zone adjoins the exposure of the Dabieshan UHP rocks. Further to east, the zone was offset by the Tanlu faults and moved to eastern Shandong Province. While to its west, across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the zone was dislocated by the Altun fault, and…     

华北地区跨断层垂直形变分区特征及其对块体划分的意义

对 70年代以来的华北地区跨断层形变测量资料进行了分区研究。按构造单元将华北地区的跨断层测量台站或测点分为五组 :山西带、郯庐带、阴山 -燕山带西段、阴山 -燕山带东段和首都圈。对 80项实测资料的计算结果表明 ,华北地区断层垂直活动平均年速率为 0 335mm/a ,但各分区之间的断层活动速率值相差很大。山西断陷带的断层形变速率最高 ,是华北地区最重要的活动块体边界 ;其它构造带的断层形变速率都比较低