辽宁宽甸新生代火山岩和地幔包体He-Ar同位素组成

宽甸新生代碱性玄武岩、地幔包体及辉石巨晶的稀有气体同位素组成和流体含量分析表明，不同岩性稀有气体含量的差异反映了岩浆作用过程中轻、重稀有气体的分馏特性，较轻的稀有气体(He、Ne)比较重的稀有气体(Kr、Xe)具有更高的活动性和不相容性；该地区上地幔源区具有典型的MORB型源区特征，以辉石巨晶为代表；地幔包体的3^He／^4He值较低，可能与地幔上隆过程中富集地幔流体的交代作用或地幔塑性变形作用丢失了部分原始He有关；大陆碱性玄武岩具有与大洋玄武岩截然不同的He同位素组成，反映了大陆区地幔岩浆上升过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。地幔源区^40Ar／^36Ar值为350左右，二辉橄榄岩和碱性火山岩的^40Ar／^36Ar值比大气略高，可能有大气组分的混入。部分样品中有^21Ne、^22Ne、^129Xe、^134Xe和^136Xe相对于大气的过剩现象。     

辽宁宽甸新生代火山岩和地幔包体的稀有气体同位素组成及其演化意义

通过对宽甸新生代碱性玄武岩、地幔包体及辉石巨晶的稀有气体同位素组成的分析，认为不同岩性稀有气体含量的差异反映了岩浆作用过程中轻、重稀有气体的分馏特性，较轻的稀有气体(He、Ne)比较重的稀有气体(Kr、xe)具有更高的活动性和不相容性；该地区上地幔源区具有典型的MORB型源区特征，以辉石巨晶为代表；地幔包体的^3He／^4He值较低，可能是地幔流体交代作用造成的；大陆碱性玄武岩具有与大洋玄武岩截然不同的He同位素组成，反映了大陆区地幔岩浆上升过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。地幔源区^40Ar／^36Ar值为350左右，二辉橄榄岩和碱性火山岩的^40Ar／^36Ar值比大气略高，可能有大气组分的混合。部分样品中有^21Ne、^22Ne、^129Xe、^134Xe和^136Xe相对于大气的过剩现象，是核成因造成的。     

新疆阿希低硫型金矿稀有气体同位素地球化学及其成矿意义

阿希是一个赋存在新疆西天山古生代陆相火山岩中的大型低硫型(冰长石-绢云母型)浅成低温热液金矿床.本文利用高真空惰性气体同位素质谱仪测定了阿希金矿黄铁矿中流体包裹体的稀有气体同位素组成,结果显示其~3He/~4He 比值为0.0218～0.138R_a,平均为0.044R_a;~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar 为317.7～866.0,平均为467.3,略高于大气中~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar 比值(295.5);~(20)Ne/~(22)Ne 和~(21)Ne/~(22)Ne 的比值分别为8.08～13.00和0.028～0.063,~(82)Kr/~(84)kr、~(83)Kr/~(84)kr、~(86)Kr/~(84) Kr 的比值分别为0.159～0.278、0.171～0.238、0.280～0.348,~(129)Xe/~(132)Xe 和~(134)XP/~(132)Xe 分别为0.96～1.017、0.401～0.443。流体包裹体~3He/~4He 显示成矿流体来自壳源,不舍幔源 He;流体中除壳源放射性成因~(40)Ar~*外,有大气 Ar 的参与,放射性成因~(40)Ar~*的含量为7.0%～65.9%,平均为29.0%,大气~(40)Ar 的贡献为43.0～93 0%,平均为71.0%,稀有气体同位素组成反映出阿希金矿成矿流体为循环的大气降水。F~(84)Ke 和 F~(129)Xe 值显示流体在成矿作用过程中曾发生过沸腾作用。     

CCSD中HP-UHP岩石稀有气体同位素地球化学及其对板块折返过程的示踪意义

利用高真空气相质谱系统测定了CCSD中HP-UHP变质岩中主要造岩矿物流体包裹体的稀有气体同位素组成,得出其3He/4He为(0.004~0.775)×10-6,相应R/Ra为0.003~0.553,40Ar/36Ar变化较大,为316.2~11358.8,高于大气40Ar/36Ar(295.5);20Ne/22Ne和21Ne/22Ne分别为9.47~12.4和0.026~0.051,而134Xe/132Xe和136Xe/132Xe分别为0.376~0.484和0.324~0.416,均高于其相应大气值。CCSD中HP-UHP岩石主要造岩矿物的He-Ar、Xe和Ne等同位素组成清楚显示其中流体包裹体主要由地壳变质流体和少量大气饱和水组成,而深源地幔流体组分很低,其中He主要来自地壳,Ar主要由壳源放射性成因40Ar*和少量(平均32.6%)大气Ar混合组成,少量Ne和Xe可能来自地幔。CCSD中HP-UHP岩石具有F40Ar相似文献   

壳幔混染成矿机制的稀有气体同位素及硅同位素证据——以滇西富碱斑岩型多金属矿区为例

滇西富碱斑岩型多金属矿区黄铁矿和石英脉流体包裹体中R/Ra值主要为0.160 8~3.470 0,远高于地壳特征值,而整体略低于地幔特征值;20 Ne/22 Ne和21 Ne/22 Ne平均值分别为11.271 0和0.032 2,接近地幔同位素组成;40 Ar/36 Ar和38 Ar/36 Ar平均值分别为395.510 0和0.197 6,均高于大气比值,而低于MORB比值;与大气相比,128 Xe/130 Xe、129 Xe/130 Xe、131 Xe/130 Xe、132 Xe/130 Xe、134 Xe/130 Xe、136 Xe/130 Xe值均表现出过剩的特征;富硅成矿流体的δ30Si值为-2.4‰~-0.1‰,表现出几乎未经动力分馏的原始地幔流体性质,而富碱岩浆的δ30Si值为0.0‰~0.4‰,表现出历经强烈动力分馏的交代富集地幔流体性质。综合研究表明:滇西地区硅同位素组成与包裹体稀有气体同位素组成在显示含矿流体的幔源特征的同时,又表现出强烈的地壳特征;成矿物质主要来自地幔交代作用形成的富集地幔分异产物,即富碱岩浆和与之伴随的富硅成矿流体,二者携带成矿物质沿断裂进入地壳,伴随富硅成矿流体在富碱岩浆的成岩过程中对富碱斑岩与地层岩石的交代蚀变,从而引发壳幔物质叠加混染。正是这种流体作用构成了滇西新生代富碱斑岩多金属成矿的内在统一制约因素。     

麦哲伦海山富钴结壳的稀有气体丰度及He、Ar同位素组成

使用MM5400质谱计对麦哲伦海山富钴结壳和结壳基岩进行稀有气体同位素分析,以此示踪结壳形成期间的海洋环境。富钴结壳的He、Ne、Ar、Kr、Xe稀有气体同位素丰度模式与ASW(air-saturated water,饱和空气的海水)的变化趋势一致,说明结壳是在与海水交换平衡的流体环境中形成的。结壳的分馏因子F_3比饱和空气的海水的F_3高2～3个数量级,表明其相对于海水而言是富集~3He的。其相对于空气亏损~3He、富集Kr和Xe的模式与高度富集~3He、亏损Kr和Xe的星际尘粒的模式完全不同,暗示地球外物质并不是支配富钴结壳稀有气体同位素丰度模式的主要因素。结壳中高的R值甚至超过上地幔代表MORB(大洋中脊玄武岩)的典型值8R_a(R_a为地球大气中~3He/~4He比值,R为样品中~3He/~4He比值),揭示了热点型地幔热液对西太平洋海洋环境的局部贡献。圈层结壳的各结壳层之间的R值差异明显,各结壳层之间的尺值的变化趋势是"较高→最高→较高",结壳中层具有高达15.60R_a的R值,明显有深部地幔流体的加入,这进一步表明滋养结壳生长的热液环境本质上是源于地幔柱型的热点热液。玄武质基岩具有较低的R值,说明该类基岩在形成时严重混染有地壳物质,也说明结壳的物源并非来自玄武质基岩。结壳的~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值接近于饱和空气的海水值,也表明结壳的成矿流体与周围海水发生了充分的交换。     

云南大坪金矿白钨矿惰性气体同位素组成及其成矿意义

利用高真空气相质谱系统测定了云南大坪金矿白钨矿流体包裹体的惰性气体同位素组成,得出其~3He/~4He为(0．988～1．424)×10~(-6),平均1．205×10~(-6),相应R/R_a为0．706～1．018,平均0．898,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为1801．8～2663．8,远高于大气~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar;~(20)Ne/~(22)Ne和~(21)Ne/~(22)Ne分别为9．600～11．56和0．028～0．0467,而~(134)Xe/~(132)Xe和~(136)Xe/~(132)Xe分别为0．394～0．692和0．301～0．462,均高于其相应大气值;He-Ar、Ne和Xe同位素组成显示大坪金矿成矿流体主要由深源地幔流体和地壳流体组成,其中基本不含大气饱和水。大坪金矿的形成与该区壳幔相互作用有关:该区喜山早期地壳拉张引起的地幔岩浆上涌和去气形成深源地幔流体,下地壳在上涌地幔烘烤下形成富含CO_2、~(40)Ar、~(134)Xe、~(136)Xe和~4He的地壳流体,它们混合以后沿韧性剪切带上升,水-岩反应和沸腾作用导致矿质沉淀。因此,大坪金矿属于剪切带控制的深源热液型金矿。     

地幔柱稀有气体同位素示踪研究的进展及其意义

利用地幔柱、上地幔和地壳在稀有气体同位素组成方面的明显差异,国际上在对地幔柱进行示踪和判识方面已取得了良好的效果。地幔柱的3He/4He值大于8～8.5Ra(Ra=1.4×10-6),且高于上地幔和地壳值;地幔柱的20Ne/22Ne值大于等于10.8,与上地幔值接近,但地幔柱的21Ne/22Ne值低于上地幔值;地幔柱的40Ar/36Ar值一般明显低于上地幔值;地幔柱的129Xe/130Xe和136Xe/130Xe值普遍高于上地幔和地壳值,且高于上地幔值约10%以上。中国东部新生代地幔岩的3He/4He值总体在上地幔3He/4He端员值(8±1Ra)的上下变化,与地幔柱的3He/4He值差异较大。大火成岩省(LIP)的形成与深部地幔柱的活动有关,峨眉山玄武岩是中国目前唯一被学术界普遍认可的LIP。开展包括峨眉山玄武岩在内的有关地幔柱稀有气体同位素示踪方面的研究,对于深化中国地幔柱领域的研究和推动大陆动力学研究的进程具有重要意义。     

山东地区新生代不同类型幔源样品中稀有气体同位素组成与成因

稀有气体是地球流体源区信息的有效示踪剂.利用热熔融法对山东地区幔源巨晶、包体全岩及其单矿物以及寄主玄武岩等幔源样品中稀有气体的测试表明,不同类型样品具有明显不同的稀有气体同位素组成,特别是He同位素比值差异明显.巨晶和包体单矿物中的n(3He)/ n(4He)值分别为0.87～11.31Ra、0.911 ～10.11Ra,均值分别为6.1Ra和3.73Ra,主体介于地幔一大气一地壳源区之间;包体全岩中n(3He)/ n(4He)值0.19 ～ 2.30Ra(均值为1.05 Ra),且均低于相应单矿物中该比值;而玄武岩中n(3He)/ n(4He)值全为10-8数量级,与地壳均值无异.各类幔源样品中n(4Ar)/n(36 Ar)值无明显差异,介于296.4～864.3,高于大气但远低于典型地幔值.所获有限数据中,不同类型样品中n(2Ne)/n(2Ne)值均高于大气,具幔源特征,其中包体全岩及其单矿物n(2Ne)／n(22Ne)值分别为10.19 ～12.42和10.55～11.80,无明显差异;玄武岩中该值介于11.07～13.10,总体高于包体全岩及其单矿物.上述比值特征的差异反映了不同类型幔源样品各自不同的成因和演化特征:巨晶和包体单矿物中的轻稀有气体同位素组成主要反映了由于古板块俯冲所导致的岩浆源区地幔一大气／地壳的昆合特征,个别样品中可能存在宇宙成因3He;除单矿物中所体现的源区混合特征外,包体全岩还存在放射成因4He;而玄武岩在喷出地表后丢失大量地幔稀有气体信息,其同位素组成主要体现了放射成因4He的影响.     

延边地区闹枝浅成热液铜金矿床稀有气体同位素地球化学特征及其成矿意义

在矿床地质和矿物流体包裹体研究的基础上,利用高真空惰性气体同位素质谱仪测定了闹枝铜金矿床硫化物中流体包裹体的稀有气体同位素组成。实验数据表明:3He/4He比值为0.033~0.104Ra,平均为0.061 Ra;20Ne/22Ne和21Ne/22Ne值分别为9.817~9.960和0.029 0~0.029 5,具有以大气组成为主的特征;40Ar/36Ar为324~349,平均为341,略高于饱和大气水(40Ar/36Ar=295.5)。流体包裹体3He/4He显示成矿流体来自壳源,不含幔源He;流体中除壳源放射性成因40Ar*外,有大气Ar的参与,放射性成因40Ar*的含量为8.8%~15.5%,平均为13.4%,大气40Ar的贡献为84.5%~91.2%,平均86.6%。结合稳定同位素特征和成岩成矿年代学研究成果,进一步厘定该矿床为相对独立的浅成中硫化型铜金矿床,成矿流体来自于年轻的大陆地壳流体,含矿流体上升过程中受到循环大气降水强烈混染作用,伴随温压条件的降低,成矿流体卸载有用元素,最终沉淀成矿。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861