探矿工程与西部开发

西部开发是具有重要意义的巨大系统工程,为探矿工程（岩土钻掘工程）在基础设施建设、工程勘察施工、地质调查、能源和水资源勘探开发、地质灾害防治等方面发挥作用提供了千载难逢的机遇,为探矿工程（岩土钻掘工程）的持续发展创造了有利条件。了西部大开发给探矿工程带来的难得机遇以及探矿工程的现状,并着重论述了在西部开发中探矿工程的服务和开发应用的先进技术。     

中国西部地区产业结构动态控制分析

用灰色系统理论建立了中国西部地区产业结构动态控制模型、分析了中国西部大开发的对策和策略，得出为优化西部产业结构，需要大力发展关联度大、吸收劳动力强的第三产业，吸收农业剩余劳动力；加强对西部的投资，特别是第一、第二产业的基础设施和更新改造投资，促进农业现代化和工业技术水平；发展劳动密集型工业，吸收西部农业剩余劳动力，有条件的省市应实现由资源密集型工业到劳动密集型工业再向技术密集型工业转变。     

西部大开发今后十年再上新台阶23项重点工程今年开工

今年是我国实施西部大开发战略10周年。国家发展和改革委员会日前透露,国家计划2010年西部大开发新开工23项重点工程,投资总规模为6822亿元,而2000～2009年,西部大开发累计新开工重点工程120项,投资总规模2．2万亿元。中共中央总书记胡锦涛在日前召开的西部大开发工作会议上指出,今后10年,深入实施西部大开发战略的总体目标是：西部地区综合经济实力上一个大台阶,基础设施更加完善,现代产业体系基本形成,建成国家重要的能源基地、资源深加工基地、装备制造业基地和战略性新兴产业基地;人民生活水平和质量上一个大台阶,基本公共服务能力与东部地区差距明显缩小;生态环境保护上一个大台阶,生态环境恶化趋势得到遏制。根据这一重要讲话精神,今年计划西部大开发新开工23项重点工程,投资总规模为6822亿元。这些重点工程主要涉及铁路、公路、机场、水利枢纽等。     

三江并流带环境地质与基础设施建设对策浅析

三江并流带位于印度板块与欧亚板块的缝合线部位，新构造运动强烈，构造发育，岩石破碎，地势陡峻，地质环境异常脆弱，地震、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害频繁。区内旅游资源、生物资源、水利资源、矿产资源、人资源极为丰富，是西部大开发中极有前景的地域，亟需加强基础设施建设。为了保护三江并流带的自然环境、生态环境、地质环境，在公路、水电等基础设施的建设中，应该采取开发与保护并重的对策。本针对该区新构造运动发育、岩石强烈破碎的特点，分析在公路、水电等基础设施建设中给区域环境地质带来的不良影响，并提出处治措施与对策建议。     

中冶赛迪董事长肖学文获“国家重大基础设施建设风云人物”殊荣及“重庆市十大杰出青年”光荣称号

由中国施工企业管理协会评定的“国家基础设施建设终身成就奖”、“国家重大基础设施建设风云人物”名单日前公布，中冶赛迪董事长肖学文获“国家重大基础设施建设风云人物”殊荣，是西部地区获此殊荣的惟一代表。中冶赛迪董事长肖学文从事冶金工程管理工作以来，为行业发展做出了重大贡献，本次“国家重大基础设施建设风云人物”的获得，是社会对其所取得成绩的认可。     

中国西部铜矿资源勘查开发现状和潜力及接替区选区

新世纪以来,中国西部地区的重要成矿区（带）内探明了一批大、中型铜矿床,致其铜矿资源储量和产能大幅度增长,已形成了东西并驾齐驱的铜矿勘查开发格局。文章简要介绍了新世纪以来西部地区探明的主要大型铜矿床的地质特征。通过综合评价,优选出14个西部铜矿资源接替区,即在未来的5至10年间可实现规模开发的中观尺度的资源接替基地。预期到“十三五”末,通过加大勘查开发力度,西部铜矿接替区的铜产能和资源储量都将显著增加。西部铜矿接替区大多地处高山深谷区或荒漠戈壁区,开发基础条件落后,生态环境脆弱,应加快其基础设施的建设,同时,应做好铜矿资源开发的环境影响评价与规划。     

中冶武勘工程技术有限公司 自研云平台助力“新基建”建设

<正>中冶武勘工程技术有限公司（以下简称“中冶武勘”）创建于1955年，是首批全国勘察设计百强企业。近年来，中冶武勘以“绿色化、智慧化”为两翼，致力于成为冶金勘察国家队，资源保障主力军，基本建设排头兵，岩土工程、智慧应用、资源勘查领域具有特色的工程综合服务提供商。依托勘察、测绘、检测监测与岩土工程传统主业，构建资源勘查与矿山建设、岩土工程一体化、地下空间开发、智慧应用主责主业，拓展新能源、生态环境治理及特色基础设施建设等新兴业务。     

中国盐湖资源的开发利用与科技问题

我国青海、西藏、新疆、内蒙古等西部地区盐湖分布广泛,盐湖中蕴藏着丰富的钾、镁、锂、硼等盐类资源,潜在经济价值极大。开发利用这些资源对于西部地区经济发展、社会稳定和满足国家对钾、锂、镁、硼等的需求具有重要的现实意义。要认真考虑西部地区自然生态条件的脆弱性,一定要本着可持续发展原则搞好盐湖资源开发。在发展盐湖钾肥工业的同时,要高度重视和解决共生资源的综合利用。
介绍了我国盐湖资源现状,分析了国民经济发展对盐湖资源的需求情况,讨论了制约盐湖资源开发利用的重大科技问题。在介绍国内外盐湖科技发展现状与趋势的基础上,提出了盐湖资源综合利用的基本思路、科技发展目标,以及技术示范基地建设、支撑条件等方面的建议与政策措施。指出现阶段盐湖资源开发利用的主要力量应放在占我国总钾资源97%的柴达木盆地,通过加强盐湖资源开发科技攻关和加快产业化进程,解决制约盐湖钾、锂、镁、硼等资源的综合利用问题,加快盐湖资源综合利用工程示范基地的建设,在此基础上建设综合利用钾、锂、镁、硼等资源的现代化企业,为可持续开发西部资源做贡献。     

蒙古国煤炭资源开发前景

蒙古国的地质构造史漫长而复杂,华力西运动阶段的南海北陆和中生代的陆内坳陷或断陷格局为煤炭聚集提供了良好条件。含煤面积巨大,有15个含煤盆地或含煤区。冶金煤主要分布在西部和南部地区。现阶段蒙古国主要有4个对华煤炭出口口岸。除此之外还有一个潜在煤炭出口口岸-阿尔山口岸。其中约95%的出口量来自于中部的甘其毛道和策克口岸。基于中国优质冶金煤"近期无忧,远期不足"和东北地区煤炭资源枯竭、开采难度加大的状况,综合分析资源品质、基础设施和市场等条件,认为南戈壁盆地、东戈壁盆地有较好的开发前景。西部地区受制于市场狭小、基础设施落后等因素,在未来的一段时间内前景不乐观。      

沂源县大张村积极争取土地开发整理项目

沂源县大张庄镇牛栏峪村地处淄博市沂源县南部,沂蒙山区西部,汶河发源地,是典型的低山丘陵区。该村人均耕地少,基础设施差,为破解农业基础设施建设的资金难题,沂源县国土资源局从业务工作特点出发,积极为该村争取土地开发整理项目。项目共筹措资金306万元,全部用于完善该村农田水利、交通、电力等基础设施,改善农业生产条件和农田生态环境。通过整理,把该村建成梯田规整、路相通、旱能灌、涝能排、基础设施完备、整体功能较强、水土保持效果良好的标准化梯田,为农业发展增强了后劲。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.