Method for Estimating the Doppler Factors of Relativistic Radio Jets

An expression for the intensity of synchrotron emission from a radio source (in the optically thin regime) in terms of the energy densities in the magnetic field and particles is obtained, based on a definition of a relativistic electron related to its rest energy. A relationship is obtained between the energy densities in particles E_e and the magnetic field E_H for a physical system containing a magnetic field and relativistic electrons in a minimum-energy state. A method for estimating the Doppler factors of the relativistic electrons has been developed. This method does not requires that all radio sources have the same radiation energies (brightness temperatures): it is sufficient that the energies of the magnetic fields and relativistic particles in the source be approximately equal. The method yields Doppler-factor estimates with reasonably good accuracy, even when there are modest deviations from energy equipartition in the radio source,making it applicable to many radio sources. The method is used to estimate the Doppler factor of the radio jet in CTA 21.

     

Quiet-Filament Eruptions and Coronal Jets as Causes of Depressions in Microwave Radio Emission

Astronomy Reports - Several solar events with different types of negative microwave bursts have been studied using data from different spectral ranges. The total radio flux data obtained at the...     

Physical Parameters of the Hot Spot A of the Radio Galaxy Cygnus A

Astronomy Reports - Estimates of the physical parameters of the hot spot A of the radio galaxy Cygnus A were obtained from radio astronomical observations. To estimate the physical parameters of...     

用估算热收支的方法评价热棒制冷效果

利用青藏铁路路基地质钻孔资料和地温资料,通过计算随地温变化的热收支、来自近地表的热量、来自深部的热量、以及冻土上限变化引起的相变热,来估算测温孔在水平方向的热收支.通过对比热棒路基、普通路基的右路肩孔以及天然孔水平热收支的差异,来描述热棒的工作效果.之后,对比了热棒路基左路肩孔(阳坡)和右路肩孔(阴坡)水平热收支的差异,并给出解释.最后,以热棒路基右路肩孔水平热收支为基础估算了整个路基的水平热收支,进而给出了单个热棒的平均"产冷量".     

静止均匀环境中气泡射流特性的研究——数学模型及试验资料的分析(Ⅰ)

已往对气泡射流的理论研究,主要集中在半经验和积分模型方面,对流动结构揭示很少。给出了气-液两相流两方程湍流模型。为了加深对气泡射流规律的理解和为数值计算建立对比基础,提出了一组参考量,对Sun和Faeth的试验资料进行了整理。     

孔隙水压力对岩石力学参数的影响

多孔多相的岩石介质中,孔隙水压力的变化会引起岩石的变形,其力学参数随之改变,而岩石的力学参数变化反过来会引起渗流场发生改变.本文利用岩石力学参数在其中的作用,推导出孔隙水压力变化时,岩石变形与孔隙度、压缩系数和体积弹性模量间的关系式.通过理论计算与分析表明,在渗流场和变形场的非线性程度不很高,参数关系不足很复杂的情况下,利用岩石力学参数的更新来进行耦合分析的方法,对于近期丁程应用行之有效.     

不同地质雷达测量参数对数据采集效果的影响

地质雷达探测技术是近年来适应快速、准确、无损的探测地下障碍物及对地下工程质量评价而迅速发展的方法技术。而这门方法的一个根本环节就是数据采集。本文通过结合工程实例来探讨不同的地质雷达测量参数对数据采集效果的影响。     

Effect of Temperature on the Strength Parameters at the Plastic Domain for Unconsolidated Sandstones

Heavy and extra heavy oil reservoirs are subjected to high temperatures during thermal recovery processes like SAGD and CSS. In-situ temperature state changes throughout these operations may generate variations in the mechanical properties or strength parameters of the rock such as Young and Bulk’s modulus, internal friction angle, cohesion and dilation angle. This paper presents results about the variation of the elastic modulus and mechanical properties, in both elastic and plastic region due to changes in temperature and effective confining stress for reconstituted samples of Colombian unconsolidated sands. In order to study these changes, several drained triaxial tests are performed in a range of temperature between 50 and 230 °C and a range of effective confining stress between 0.4 and 8.2 MPa, these tests are carried out on reconstituted samples of oil sands recovered in an outcrop in the Magdalena middle valley of Colombia. The experimental results are analyzed with an analytical model based on the constitutive model of Mohr–Coulomb. The analysis is divided in two ways: First, the elastic region is analyzed calculating the variation of the elastic modulus (Young and bulk’s modulus) and the mechanical parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) with temperature and effective confining stress, these calculus are done in the linear zone of the stress–strain curve. Then, the plastic region is analyzed using Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model with a non-associative flow rule in order to represent in a better way the dilatant/contractive behavior of the material, from this analysis is possible to obtain the behavior of the mechanical properties during plastic strains. The stress–strain curves obtained from the triaxial compression tests show that for the highest and medium effective confining stress (8.2 and 4.0 MPa), there is a hardening strain behavior after the yielding point that implies a loose sand behavior under confining conditions. Meanwhile, for lowest effective confining stress (0.4 MPa) the samples show a softening strain, a typical behavior for dense sands under confining conditions.     

用地下水潮汐效应确定潜水含水层水文地质参数

目前对潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和水文地质参数求解方法的研究相对较少.通过对福建古雷半岛滨海潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和海水潮汐动态的观测, 运用Fourier频谱分析方法确定了研究区海水潮汐波动方程(波动特征参数), 并以此作为地下水的边界条件, 推导了潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应的波动方程, 利用最小二乘法以地下水水位波动观测值为目标函数对潜水含水层的渗透系数与重力给水度的比值进行了反演识别, 为类似地区水文地质参数的确定提供了借鉴, 也为该区后续地下水中溶质迁移规律的研究奠定了基础.      

勘察场地岩溶地面塌陷评价方法探讨--压力差效应理论的工程意义

岩溶地面塌陷是一种危害极大的突发性地质灾害。该文介绍了岩溶地面塌陷形成机制－“压力差效应”理论,并应用该理论探讨岩溶场地地面塌陷的评价和预防方法。     

末次间冰期南半球西风急流变化的模拟研究

研究末次间冰期气候变化有助于加深理解变暖情景下气候的变化规律及其对轨道参数变化的响应特征。本研究利用国际古气候模拟对比计划第四阶段的多模式结果, 分析了南半球副热带西风急流(200 hPa)与副极地西风急流(850 hPa)在末次间冰期的变化特征及机制。多模式集合平均结果表明, 末次间冰期夏季南半球副热带西风急流相较于工业革命前位置偏北(+2.5°), 强度偏弱(-5.3%); 南半球副极地西风急流也存在类似的变化特征(+1.1°/-7.4%)。在冬季, 末次间冰期南半球副热带西风急流相较于工业革命前南移增强(-0.8°/+5.6%), 而南半球副极地西风急流北移增强(+0.8°/+4.2%), 并且不同洋盆上空的急流具有不同的变化特征。副热带急流与副极地西风急流位置与强度的变化分别与对流层中高层与低层的斜压稳定性的变化相联系。此外, 热带非绝热加热与中纬度Rossby波传播的共同作用造成了南印度洋西侧与东侧、高层与低层西风急流反向变化的结果, 这种反向变化得到了降水重建的支持。

     

The Effect of Key Parameters on the Strength of a Dispersive Soil Stabilized with Sustainable Binders

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Dispersive soils are susceptible to phenomena of internal and external erosion when in contact with relatively pure water due to its particle’s...     

Radio galaxies of different populations on the Planck mission maps

We investigate the distribution of emission on the multifrequency Planck maps toward radio sources of several samples separated by spectral index, redshift, morphology.     

Recombination Radio Lines of the Sun

Astronomy Reports - The lines observed in the spectra of astronomical objects provide unique information about them. Currently, only one radio line has been detected in the spectrum of the Sun: a...     

活塞冲锤主要参数对射流元件临界流速的影响

应用CFD动态分析技术,以SC71B型射流式液动锤为研究对象,研究了活塞直径、活塞杆直径、活塞冲锤质量和行程对射流式液动锤射流元件临界流速的影响,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:理论预测值与实测值相对误差小于7.5%,精度远高于以往经验估计;射流元件临界流速随着活塞直径的增加而降低,随着活塞杆直径和活塞冲锤质量的增加而升高,与行程大小无关。以SC71B型射流式液动锤为例,为降低射流元件临界流速以减轻冲蚀,应设计40～42 mm的活塞直径、23～26 mm的活塞杆直径和11.2～23.5 kg的活塞冲锤质量。活塞直径增加23.5%时,射流元件临界流速降低了2/3;活塞杆直径增加60%时,射流元件临界流速提高了近4倍;活塞冲锤质量增加5倍时,射流元件临界流速只增加了1倍。     

Investigation of Various Parameters Effect on Cerchar Abrasivity Index with PFC3D Modeling

The Cerchar test is one of the appropriate and routine tests for determining the rock abrasion; but as for the costs and pin wear measurement errors in laboratory procedures and lack of access to laboratory equipment, using of numerical modeling can lead to use of greater number of samples required during the course of mechanized excavation and reduce the costs and errors in the laboratory test. In this study, the Cerchar abrasivity test was modeled using PFC3D (Particle Flow Code in 3 Dimensions) software. In order to verify the simulation results, Cerchar laboratory test results obtained by Rostami (Rock Mech Rock Eng 47(5):1905–1919, 2014) were compared with the numerical modeling results. In modeling studies, the effects of some parameters such as apply load, test speed, pin hardness and scratching distance on pin wear were investigated. As a conclusion of the study, good agreement between modeling and experimental results was obtained for a given condition. As in the experiment with various loads in both laboratory tests and modeling, with increasing applied load the Cerchar abrasivity index also increased in the experiment with Rockwell hardness HRC (An abbreviation for Rockwell Hardness measured on the C scale. The Rockwell test determines the hardness by measuring the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load compared to the penetration made by a preload, that on the C scale use from a indenter with 120° cone and 150 kgf load) 42.     

On the Dynamics of Phase Transitions in Relativistic Scalar Field Theory

Astronomy Reports - We study the Kibble–Zurek scaling dynamics and universal second order phase transitions in a relativistic scalar field theory in 1 + 1 dimensions. Using...     

On the Time Dependences of the Fracture Concentration Parameter Estimated by Different Methods

Doklady Earth Sciences - The time dependences of the fracture concentration parameter characterizing the process of accumulation of defects formed in loaded objects, i.e., steel specimens in...