厦门西港表层沉积物中DDTs，HCHs和PCBs的含量与分布

对厦门西港表层沉积物中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量与分布进行调查研究。含量范围：ＨＣＨｓ为０．１４－１．１２ｎｇ·ｇ（－１），ＤＤＴｓ４．４５３１１ｎｇ·ｇ（－１），ＰＣＢｓ０．０５—７．２４ｎｇ·ｇ（－１）。与香港维多利亚港表层沉积物含量进行比较，厦门西港表层沉积物的ＰＣＢＳ含量低于维多利亚港，ＤＤＴｓ含量则高于维多利亚港。     

生物和非生物因子对东海南麂岛海域表层沉积物甲藻孢囊分布的影响

本文首次对东海南麂岛海域的甲藻孢囊群落进行了为期一年（2014-2015）的定量分析研究。在南麂岛近岸8个采样点中,鉴定并定量了6个种群,34种形态的甲藻孢囊,其中包括14%的潜在产毒物种。自养型孢囊占总孢囊数量的74%。通过与邻近海域的研究结果比较,南麂海域总孢囊数量（2-33个孢囊/毫升沉积物）相对较低。Scrippsiella trochoidea和Protoperidinium avellana分别是丰度最高的自养和异养型孢囊。我们采用多元统计方法评估了甲藻孢囊分布同非生物或生物变量之间的关系。在DCA排序图中,发现季节之间有明显的分化。尽管采样点之间的水动力条件有所不同,甲藻孢囊的空间分布差异并不显著。可溶性活性磷酸盐,氮磷比和米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）藻华是通过CCA确定的与表层沉积物孢囊分布相关的三个重要因素（P<0.05）,这表明该区域营养盐状况对甲藻孢囊分布影响较大。虽然本研究未能明确近年来南麂岛海域有害赤潮的源头,但对于进一步了解南麂岛的甲藻孢囊动态和潜在的毒素威胁具有重要的参考意义。     

胶州湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布

为了解胶州湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布特征,于2015年7月采集胶州湾12个站位的表层沉积物进行甲藻孢囊分析,共鉴定甲藻孢囊37种(分属5个类群)和2种未定种,包括自养型20种和异养型17种,优势种为膝沟藻。其Shannon-Wiener多样性指数[H′(log2)]介于2.84—3.91,平均值为3.42;均匀度指数介于0.75—0.98,平均值为0.88,总体值较高。胶州湾海域各站位的甲藻孢囊丰度介于96—969cyst/g DW(干重),平均丰度为401cyst/g DW,呈现出临近湾口处丰度较高,而湾内较低的空间分布差异特征。尤其值得注意的是,有两种产虾夷扇贝毒素(Yessotoxin,YTX)甲藻[具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)和多边舌甲藻(Lingulodinium polyedrum)]的孢囊和3种产麻痹性贝类毒素(PSP)甲藻[塔玛/链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella/tamarense)、微小/相似亚历山大藻(A.minutum/affine)和链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)]的孢囊在胶州湾海域大多数站位均有分布,尽管其数量不高,但其广泛的分布范围仍需引起我们的重视。     

桂山岛海域甲藻孢囊的分布与浮游植物休眠体萌发研究

为了了解珠江口桂山岛海域甲藻孢囊的分布及浮游植物休眠体的萌发状况,以揭示赤潮发生潜势,于2009年1月采集了珠江口桂山岛海域表层沉积物样品,对沉积物中甲藻孢囊的种类和数量进行分析,并对浮游植物休眠体进行了萌发试验。结果表明,桂山岛海域甲藻孢囊有21种,原多甲藻类孢囊在种类数上占优势。甲藻孢囊密度较低,为110~315个/g,平均为202个/g,养殖区密度高于非养殖区。异养型甲藻孢囊百分比含量较高,表明了该海域较高的富营养化程度。活体孢囊密度百分比达61.8%,说明表层沉积物中存在大量未萌发的活性孢囊,为赤潮暴发埋下了隐患。萌发的浮游植物种类数较少,为19属22种。20 d和40 d萌发的浮游植物细胞平均密度分别为490个/g和264个/g。萌发的甲藻优势种为Biecheleriopsis adriatica,其次为锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea);萌发的硅藻主要以中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvistus)和舟形藻(Navicula sp.)占优势。桂山岛海域有毒有害甲藻孢囊的广泛分布以及潜在赤潮种类的大量萌发,表明该海域有较高的赤潮发生风险。     

秋季南黄海表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布

2007年秋季(10月)在黄海22个站位采集表层沉积物样品进行甲藻孢囊的种类鉴定与计数,本航次中共鉴定出33种(不包括2个未确定种),优势种是锥状斯克里普藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、塔玛亚历山大藻(Alex-andrium tamarense)和膝沟藻属(Gonyaulaxsp.)的种类。与东海和南海甲藻孢囊的同期丰度相比,黄海的相对较低,丰度范围为10~519个/cm3,平均108个/cm3。孢囊丰度总体分布趋势从北向南递增,最高丰度区出现在长江口以北(32°19′59.88″N,122°37′5.16″E),另外,在南黄海调查海域中,中部黄海冷水团区域孢囊丰度较高,膝沟藻成为该区域的优势种,密集中心达101个/cm3。有毒甲藻孢囊在沉积物表层聚集且分布广泛,有爆发赤潮的可能。     

东海沿岸水域夏季沉积物中甲藻孢囊数量分布初探

对１９９２年７－８月份东海区沿岸水域沉积物中甲藻孢囊数量分布作了较详细的分析和探讨。沉积物中甲藻孢囊数量变化在１．６－４７．１个／ｇ湿重。较高值分布在１８、１９、２０号三个站，即在浙南与闽北沿岸交界水域。文中还探讨了甲藻孢囊分布和环境因子的关系。     

闽江口海域表层沉积物中甲藻休眠孢囊的初步研究

对福建闽江口50个站位的海底沉积物样品进行分析,共鉴定出甲藻孢囊17种,隶属7属,主要的种类有锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea),科夫／无纹多沟藻(Polykrikos kofoidii／schwartzii)、斯氏膝沟藻(G．scrippsae)和具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)：锥状斯氏藻为最丰富的种：并检出有毒种塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)。研究结果表明,闽江口表层沉积物中的甲藻休眠孢囊主要分布在砂-粉砂-粘土沉积物类型中;有毒甲藻塔玛亚历山大藻有可能在每年5-6月、10-11月对该海域的海洋生物和人类健康及生命安全构成潜在威胁,应加强监测。     

北黄海中部及四十里湾海域甲藻孢囊种类多样性研究

从2008年至2011年,采集了北黄海和烟台四十里湾海域共49个站点的表层沉积物的样品,并对沉积物中的甲藻孢囊进行鉴定。研究发现41种孢囊,隶属于16属：其中,原多甲藻（Protoperidinium?sp.）孢囊Brigantedinium?aymmetricum?Matsuoka为中国海域新记录种。塔马/链状亚历山大藻Alexandrium?tamarense?/?catenella、微小/相似亚历山大藻Alexandrium?minutum?/?affine、网状原角管藻Protoceratium?reticulatum和膝沟藻Gonyaulax?spp.的孢囊是北黄海中部海域孢囊优势种;膝沟藻Gonyaulax?sp.（Spiniferites?bentori?var.?truncata）、具刺膝沟藻Gonyaulax?spinifera（Spiniferites?hyperacanthus）和网状原角管藻P.?reticulatum的孢囊在烟台四十里湾占优势。另外,研究中还发现三种产虾夷扇贝毒素（YTX）甲藻（具刺膝沟藻G.?spinifera、多边舌甲藻Lingulodinium?polyedra和网状原角管藻P.?reticulatum）的孢囊,在芝罘岛到北黄海中部海域都有较高丰度的分布,另三种产麻痹性贝类毒素（PSP）甲藻（塔马/链状亚历山大藻A.?tamarense?/?catenella、微小/相似亚历山大藻A.?minutum?/?affine和链状裸甲藻Gymnodinium?catenatum）的孢囊,在北黄海中部丰度很高。因此,应加强这些海域的甲藻孢囊监测和研究,预防有毒甲藻赤潮的爆发。最后,通过对比分析北黄海中部及烟台四十里湾这两个海域甲藻孢囊分布特征和环境特征的差异,进一步证明了人类活动对近岸海洋生态环境的影响。     

舟山港4艘商船压舱箱沉积物中甲藻孢囊种群结构的分析

为了解商船压舱箱沉积物在海洋水生生物入侵过程中扮演的潜在媒介作用,本文利用光学显微镜观察法,研究了停泊于我国舟山港4艘商船压舱箱沉积物中甲藻孢囊的种类组成、孢囊密度、香农-威纳指数(H′)和PSP原因种,并对甲藻孢囊种群结构进行了相关性分析。结果表明,鉴定出的甲藻孢囊隶属于5大类,共24种,4份样品中甲藻孢囊的种群结构各有差异,但均检测出能产生麻痹性贝毒(Paralytic Shellfish Poisons,PSP)的甲藻孢囊,如亚历山大藻Alexandriumspp.和链状裸甲藻Gymnodium catenatum。在4艘商船的压舱箱沉积物中均检测出有硅藻分布,其中在富成轮压舱箱沉积物中还检测出3种未知种孢囊。通过相关性分析可知,甲藻孢囊H′值与PSP甲藻孢囊密度占总甲藻孢囊密度的比率呈负相关。甲藻可以通过商船压舱箱沉积物为传播媒介,以孢囊形式来扩大其生物地理分布,提高甲藻物种多样性可有助于降低PSP甲藻的破坏风险。因此,有效处理船只压舱箱沉积物、积极保护当地海洋生物物种多样性,对于降低外来甲藻物种(特别是一些有毒有害种)的赤潮风险和保持当地海洋生态系统的平衡,具有十分重要的意义。     

福建兴化湾海域沉积物中的甲藻孢囊记录

通过对福建兴化湾海域表层和柱状沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分析,共鉴定出10 属29种(含不定种)甲藻孢囊.其中发现有毒种类7种:微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)、多环旋沟藻(Cochlodinium polykrikoides)、多边舌甲藻(Lingulodinium polyedrum)、具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)、链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)、网状原角管藻(Protoceratium reticulatum)和锥藻斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea).表层沉积物中总甲藻孢囊丰度值在13～88粒/g之间,柱状沉积物中总甲藻孢囊的丰度在40～105粒/g以内.通过与周边其他海域甲藻孢囊属种组成及丰度值对比,表明兴化湾甲藻孢囊的丰度值较高,并且7种有毒种类的存在对该海域发生有毒有害赤潮构成潜在威胁,相关政府部门及周围居民应加以重视和防范.     

海南岛三亚港现代沉积速率的研究

对１９８８年所采集的海南岛三亚港６个沉积柱样作了沉积结构及＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性分析。结果表明，三亚港潮汐通道及航道上，沉积物主要为细颗粒的粉砂、粘土，沉积速率为０．９１－１．２４ｃｍ／ａ，近年来砂质物的输入，反映了疏浚等人类活动对该区的影响；外港浅滩砂洲区的沉积速率小于０．４ｃｍ／ａ；潮汐通道中过剩＾２１０Ｐｂ总量亦明显大于港口的其它区域。     

北黄海表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布特征

2009年和2010年采集北黄海15个站位的表层沉积物样品进行甲藻孢囊分析,共鉴定出甲藻孢囊28种(隶属13个属)和2种未定种,优势种为膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spp.)、塔马/链状亚历山大藻(Alexandriumcatenella/tamarense)和微小/相似亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutu...     

Abundance and distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Xiamen Western Harbor

In a grid investigation, dinoflagellate cysts were collected from sediments in Xiamen Western Harbor in May of 2000, from which five species of cysts were identified: Alexandrium tamarensis, A. minutum, Lingulodinium polyedra, Gonyaulax scrippsae and Gymnodinium catenatum, account for about 21% in the species composition. The quanti-tative analysis of the sediments shows that the number of dinoflagellate cysts varies from 51 to 256 cysts/g of sediment, the highest value (>200 cysts/g) being recorded at the stations of the central part of the bay, while the lowest (<100 cysts/g) at the bay mouth. A good linear relationship is found between cyst amount and fine-grained sediments. Complex physiognomies on the seabed, topographty in the bay and weak water exchange are the main factors not only in cyst accumulation but also in their distribution pattern, and have resulted in the difference in cyst densities between the inner bay and the outer bay in the harbor.     

Abundance and distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Xiamen Western Harbor

In a grid investigation, dinoflagellate cysts were collected from sediments in Xiamen Western Harbor in May of 2000,from which five species of cysts were identified: Alexandrium tamarensis, A. minutum, Lingulodinium polyedra,Gonyaulax scrippsae and Gymnodinium catenatum, account for about 21% in the species composition. The quantitative analysis of the sediments shows that the number of dinoflagellate cysts varies from 51 to 256 cysts/g of sediment, the highest value (>200 cysts/g) being recorded at the stations of the central part of the bay, while the lowest (＜100 cysts/g) at the bay mouth. A good linear relationship is found between cyst amount and fine-grained sediments. Complex physiognomies on the seabed, topographty in the bay and weak water exchange are the main factors not only in cyst accumulation but also in their distribution pattern, and have resulted in the difference in cyst densities between the inner bay and the outer bay in the harbor.     

Influence of Naineris laevigata (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) on vertical grain size distribution,and dinoflagellate resting stages in the sediment

Short-term experiments were performed with the polychaete Naineris laevigata Grube, a conveyor-belt deposit feeder, to evaluate: the daily sediment reworking rate, the influence of the activity of this burrowing worm on the vertical redistribution of the sediment and dinoflagellate cysts. We also tested the germination success of cysts after their passage through the gut of the polychaete. Vertical particle distribution was studied in small aquaria with and without worms and with an initially layered sediment. After 30 days, sediment cores were collected in controls and treatments at 3 different depths (upper, intermediate and deep) and the diameter of 100 particles from each depth was measured to obtain the size-frequency distribution. The burrowing activity of 3 worms may completely mix a pre-existent layering within 30 days. The translocation of a mud layer from 4 cm depth towards the surface was observed. The mud layer deposited on the surface by the end of the experiment was at least 1 cm thick.Daily average production of faecal pellets was 0.443±0.032 g per worm. From the first day of the experiment, the particle size distribution of the faecal pellets released at the surface revealed the presence of sediment and cysts originating from underlying layers. Tests showed that the germination percentage of the cysts significantly diminished after passage through the guts of the worms.Our results indicate that N. laevigata is an effective vertical mixer of sediment and plays a role in the vertical transport and germination success of resting stages.     

薛家岛湾沉积动力学特征及海港开发研究

于１９９０年秋对胶州湾内的薛家岛湾进行海洋水动力条件及积动力学特征,泥沙运动规律研究,为开发建设港口提供科学依据。结果表明,湾内深大于１ｍ的海底泥沙发生“全面移动”的时间,一年内仅有１－２ｄ,其余处于稳定状态或“表面移动”状态。湾内泥沙来源很少,预计建港后,港池和航道年平均回淤量分别小于１６ｃｍ,１０ｃｍ对于开发中小型港口十分有利。