DORIS、GPS和SLR空间大地测量技术导出的地心运动规律

用调和分析法分析DORIS、GPS和SLR 3种空间大地测量技术导出的地心运动时间序列。结果表明:地心长期运动不显著,但存在北向运动趋势,速度小于1mm/a;相对于DORIS和GPS,SLR导出的地心运动更符合地球物理模型计算的结果,用22aSLR数据导出的地心运动在X,Y,Z方向的周年运动振幅分别为2.8±0.2mm,2.7±0.2mm和6.1±0.2mm。     

HY2A卫星的GPS/DORIS/SLR数据精密定轨

采用HY2A卫星2013年2月的实测数据,研究了GPS、星载多谱勒无线电定轨定位系统(DORIS)及卫星激光测距(SLR)三种观测数据的单独和联合定轨问题。通过与法国CNES的精密轨道数据比较发现:分别采用GPS、DORIS和SLR数据进行单独定轨,GPS数据确定轨道的径向平均精度为1.3cm,三维位置约为6.2cm;DORIS定轨的径向平均精度为1.6cm,比GPS结果略差;SLR确定轨道的径向平均精度为2.3cm。用GPS、DORIS和SLR三种数据联合定轨,确定轨道的径向平均精度为1.2cm,三维位置约为6.5cm。与星载GPS定轨结果比较,三种观测数据的联合定轨在提高卫星轨道确定精度上不明显,但联合定轨有利于保持计算轨道精度相对稳定。用站星间高度角大于60°的SLR数据检验GPS/DORIS联合确定的轨道,两者在测距方向的均方差为2.5cm,可见基于HY2A的观测数据可以实现cm级的定轨需求。     

HY-2卫星星载DORIS和SLR的cm级综合精密定轨仿真研究

为了实现cm级HY-2卫星精密定轨,提出了基于DORIS和SLR的HY-2卫星综合定轨方法。模拟了DORIS信标站与SLR跟踪站的观测数据,确定了定轨方法和流程,探讨了分别赋予不同观测精度时各定轨精度,并分别分析了不同的信标站分布以及两种观测技术综合精密定轨中权对定轨精度的影响。实验表明,观测精度的高低直接影响着单一技术的定轨精度;优化信标站的分布,可明显提高定轨精度并节约计算时间;多种技术综合定轨时,合理分配各观测量的权可使定轨精度达到最佳;分别赋予DORIS和SLR观测量0.3mm/s和10mm的权,则使HY-2卫星定轨精度达到cm级。     

Tectonic plate motion and co-seismic steps surveyed by DORIS field beacons: the New Hebrides experiment

 The New Hebrides experiment consisted of setting up a pair of DORIS beacons in remote tropical islands in the southwestern Pacific, between 1993 and 1997. Because of orbitography requirements on TOPEX/Poséidon, the beacons were only transmitting to SPOT satellites. Root-mean-square (RMS) scatters at the centimeter level on the latitude and vertical components were achieved, but 2-cm RMS scatters affected the longitude component. Nevertheless, results of relative velocity (123 mm/year N250°) are very consistent with those obtained using the global positioning system (GPS) (126 mm/yr N246°). The co-seismic step (12 mm N60°) related to the Walpole event (M _W = 7.7) is consistent with that derived from GPS (10 mm N30°) or from the centroid moment tensor (CMT) of the quake (12 mm N000°). Received: 19 November 1999 / Accepted: 17 May 2000     

Seasonal global mean sea level change from satellite altimeter, GRACE, and geophysical models

We estimate seasonal global mean sea level changes using different data resources, including sea level anomalies from satellite radar altimetry, ocean temperature and salinity from the World Ocean Atlas 2001, time-variable gravity observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, and terrestrial water storage and atmospheric water vapor changes from the NASA global land data assimilation system and National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis atmospheric model. The results from all estimates are consistent in amplitude and phase at the annual period, in some cases with remarkably good agreement. The results provide a good measure of average annual variation of water stored within atmospheric, land, and ocean reservoirs. We examine how varied treatments of degree-2 and degree-1 spherical harmonics from GRACE, laser ranging, and Earth rotation variations affect GRACE mean sea level change estimates. We also show that correcting the standard equilibrium ocean pole tide correction for mass conservation is needed when using satellite altimeter data in global mean sea level studies. These encouraging results indicate that is reasonable to consider estimating longer-term time series of water storage in these reservoirs, as a way of tracking climate change.     

GPS、VLBI和SLR确定地心坐标的精度分析

为评价GPS、VLBI和SLR这3种空间技术确定地心坐标的真正实现精度,我们把3种技术在并置站上的地心坐标进行了相互比较。经过偏心改正和7个参数的转换后,可获得任意2种技术地心坐标不符值的加权中误差,以此作为外符精度。可以看出,VLBI与GPS地心坐标三分量的外符精度在1cm之内,SLR与VLBI和GPS地心坐标三分量的外符精度在1～3cm之间。表明VLBI和CPS实现的地心坐标精度比SLR高一些,已达毫米级。     

GPS,VLBI和SLR确定地心坐标的精度分析

为评价ＧＰＳ、ＶＬＢＩ和ＳＬＲ这３种空间技术确定地心坐标的真正实现精度,我们把３种技术在并置站上的地心坐标进行了相互比较。经过偏心改正和７个参数的转换后,可获得任意２种技术地心坐标不符值的加权中误差,以此作为外符精度。可以看出,ＶＬＢＩ与ＧＰＳ地心坐标三分量的外符精度在１ｃｍ之内,ＳＬＲ与ＶＬＢＩ和ＧＰＳ地心坐标三分量的外符精度在１～３ｃｍ之间。表明ＶＬＢＩ和ＧＰＳ实现的地心坐标精度比ＳＬＲ高一些     

Homogeneous reprocessing of GPS,GLONASS and SLR observations

The International GNSS Service (IGS) provides operational products for the GPS and GLONASS constellation. Homogeneously processed time series of parameters from the IGS are only available for GPS. Reprocessed GLONASS series are provided only by individual Analysis Centers (i. e. CODE and ESA), making it difficult to fully include the GLONASS system into a rigorous GNSS analysis. In view of the increasing number of active GLONASS satellites and a steadily growing number of GPS+GLONASS-tracking stations available over the past few years, Technische Universität Dresden, Technische Universität München, Universität Bern and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich performed a combined reprocessing of GPS and GLONASS observations. Also, SLR observations to GPS and GLONASS are included in this reprocessing effort. Here, we show only SLR results from a GNSS orbit validation. In total, 18 years of data (1994–2011) have been processed from altogether 340 GNSS and 70 SLR stations. The use of GLONASS observations in addition to GPS has no impact on the estimated linear terrestrial reference frame parameters. However, daily station positions show an RMS reduction of 0.3 mm on average for the height component when additional GLONASS observations can be used for the time series determination. Analyzing satellite orbit overlaps, the rigorous combination of GPS and GLONASS neither improves nor degrades the GPS orbit precision. For GLONASS, however, the quality of the microwave-derived GLONASS orbits improves due to the combination. These findings are confirmed using independent SLR observations for a GNSS orbit validation. In comparison to previous studies, mean SLR biases for satellites GPS-35 and GPS-36 could be reduced in magnitude from \(-35\) and \(-38\)  mm to \(-12\) and \(-13\)  mm, respectively. Our results show that remaining SLR biases depend on the satellite type and the use of coated or uncoated retro-reflectors. For Earth rotation parameters, the increasing number of GLONASS satellites and tracking stations over the past few years leads to differences between GPS-only and GPS+GLONASS combined solutions which are most pronounced in the pole rate estimates with maximum 0.2 mas/day in magnitude. At the same time, the difference between GLONASS-only and combined solutions decreases. Derived GNSS orbits are used to estimate combined GPS+GLONASS satellite clocks, with first results presented in this paper. Phase observation residuals from a precise point positioning are at the level of 2 mm and particularly reveal poorly modeled yaw maneuver periods.     

单颗导航卫星精密定轨与激光精度评估

Based on carrier phase observation,a single navigation satellite orbit determination strategy is present for local region observation station net. Moreover a new carrier phase cycle-slip detection and correction arithmetic,called the O-C,is designed to pre-process static carriers phase data,which is different from others by adopting prior orbits and clock information. To confirm the validities of the strategy and the O-C arithmetic,the orbit determination is performed for a experimental satellite of the second generation satellite navigation system. The 3-days-arc POD results processed by the SHORD software show that the general RMS are about 18 cm,and the differences of 1-day-arc overlap orbit are 0.61 m and 8.09m in radial and three-dimensional,respectively. Consideration of the time system bias between the orbits and the SLR,the average differences of the 24 hour prediction orbits are 0.50 m compared with the SLR observation. The average differences of determinate orbits and the 24 hours prediction orbits are 0.28 m and 1.34 m,respectively.     

Global ionosphere maps based on GNSS,satellite altimetry,radio occultation and DORIS

GPS Solutions - Global ionosphere maps (GIMs) provided by the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) data are essential in ionospheric research as the source of the global vertical total...     

Estimating crustal deformations from a combination of baseline measurements and geophysical models

The estimation of crustal deformations from repeated baseline measurements is a singular problem in the absence of prior information. One often applied solution is a free adjustment in which the singular normal matrix is augmented with a set of inner constraints. These constraints impose no net translation nor rotation for the estimated deformations X which may not be physically meaningful for a particular problem. The introduction of an available geophysical model from which an expected deformation vector \(\bar X\) and its covariance matrix \(\sum _{\bar X} \) can be computed will direct X to a physically more meaningful solution. Three possible estimators are investigated for estimating deformations from a combination of baseline measurements and geophysical models.     

联合GNSS和SLR观测对地球自转参数的解算与分析

目的 选取不同数量的IGS站,分别利用GPS和GPS+GLONASS观测数据计算ERP参数,并将结果和IGS公布值进行比较,分析测站数量增加和加入GLONASS观测数据对解算ERP参数的影响。此外,还利用GLO-NASS卫星的全部卫星激光测距(SLR)数据进行ERP参数解算,并将SLR结果和GNSS解算结果联合计算ERP,结果表明,联合SLR可改善GNSS数据解算ERP参数及高频ERP参数的系统性误差影响和稳定性。     

Precise ERS-2 orbit determination using SLR, PRARE, and RA observations

The second European Remote Sensing satellite ERS-2, launched in 1995, is supported by satellite laser ranging (SLR), the German precise range and range-rate equipment (PRARE) microwave tracking system, and radar altimetry (RA). SLR, PRARE and crossover RA observations (XO/RA) from May, June, and July 1996 have been analyzed using the GEOSAT software developed at Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt (FFI, The Norwegian defence research establishment). Orbits computed with the JGM3 gravity model and the more recent EGM96 gravity model have been compared with orbits from other analysis centers. Based on these comparisons in addition to the post-fit observation residuals, and results from internal orbital overlaps, we conclude that the radial component of the ERS-2 orbit can be determined with a precision of 6 cm. Received: 30 June 1997 / Accepted: 4 February 1998     

Hydrological excitation of polar motion by different variables from the GLDAS models

Continental hydrological loading by land water, snow and ice is a process that is important for the full understanding of the excitation of polar motion. In this study, we compute different estimations of hydrological excitation functions of polar motion (as hydrological angular momentum, HAM) using various variables from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) models of the land-based hydrosphere. The main aim of this study is to show the influence of variables from different hydrological processes including evapotranspiration, runoff, snowmelt and soil moisture, on polar motion excitations at annual and short-term timescales. Hydrological excitation functions of polar motion are determined using selected variables of these GLDAS realizations. Furthermore, we use time-variable gravity field solutions from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to determine the hydrological mass effects on polar motion excitation. We first conduct an intercomparison of the maps of variations of regional hydrological excitation functions, timing and phase diagrams of different regional and global HAMs. Next, we estimate the hydrological signal in geodetically observed polar motion excitation as a residual by subtracting the contributions of atmospheric angular momentum and oceanic angular momentum. Finally, the hydrological excitations are compared with those hydrological signals determined from residuals of the observed polar motion excitation series. The results will help us understand the relative importance of polar motion excitation within the individual hydrological processes, based on hydrological modeling. This method will allow us to estimate how well the polar motion excitation budget in the seasonal and inter-annual spectral ranges can be closed.     

On-line Resources Supporting the Data, Products, and Information Infrastructure for the International DORIS Service

The International DORIS Service (IDS) was formed under the direction of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) in 2003 to support geodetic research utilizing DORIS data and products. The IDS is organized into a hierarchy of components: network of Tracking Stations, Satellite Segment, Data Centers, Analysis Centers, Central Bureau, and Governing Board. The DORIS infrastructure consists of a globally distributed network of over 50 ground beacons and a constellation of five satellites equipped with receivers that relay range rate measurements through a central collection facility to the IDS archives. The Data Centers and Central Bureau supporting the IDS are the primary means of distributing DORIS data, products, and general information to the user community. These facilities utilize Web and ftp servers, as well as an email service, to support the users of DORIS data and products. The current status and recent developments of these components are discussed, as well as a review of available information, data, and geodetic product types.     

Trajectory models and reference frames for crustal motion geodesy

We sketch the evolution of station trajectory models used in crustal motion geodesy over the last several decades, and describe some recent generalizations of these models that allow geodesists and geophysicists to parameterize accelerating patterns of displacement in general, and postseismic transient deformation in particular. Modern trajectory models are composed of three sub-models that represent secular trends, annual oscillations, and instantaneous jumps in coordinate time series. Traditionally the trend model invoked constant station velocity. This can be generalized by assuming that position is a polynomial function of time. The trajectory model can also be augmented as needed, by including one or more logarithmic transients in order to account for typical multi-year patterns of postseismic transient motion. Many geodetic and geophysical research groups are using general classes of trajectory model to characterize their crustal displacement time series, but few if any of them are using these trajectory models to define and realize the terrestrial reference frames (RFs) in which their time series are expressed. We describe a global GPS reanalysis program in which we use two general classes of trajectory model, tuned on a station by station basis. We define the network trajectory model as the set of station trajectory models encompassing every station in the network. We use the network trajectory model from the each global analysis to assign prior position estimates for the next round of GPS data processing. We allow our daily orbital solutions to relax so as to maintain their consistency with the network polyhedron. After several iterations we produce GPS time series expressed in a RF similar to, but not identical with   ITRF2008. We find that each iteration produces an improvement in the daily repeatability of our global time series and in the predictive power of our trajectory models.     

基于VLBI、SLR和GPS实测数据的现时板块运动模型

采用空间大地测量技术 (VL BI、 SLR、 GPS)实测板块运动的最新数据 ,导出了全球 7个主要板块 (欧亚、北美、太平洋、澳大利亚、非洲、南美、南极板块 )之间的相对运动欧拉矢量 ,建立了一个完全基于空间大地测量观测的现时板块运动模型 ,称为 SGPMM2。与地学板块运动模型 NUVEL-1 A相比两者基本一致 ,说明最近 3百万年内全球板块运动总体上是稳定的。作者还首次导出了南中国板块相对于欧亚板块的相对运动欧拉矢量 (2 0 .5°S,67.2°W,0 .3 0 0°/ Ma)。与 Armijo等 (1 989)根据欧亚板块内北西藏块体与周围块体的断层走向和滑动速率估计的北西藏块体相对于欧亚板块的欧拉矢量 (1 7.0°S,61 .4°W,0 .45 8°/Ma)相比 ,两者运动方向一致 ,但南中国板块的运动速率稍小。作为对印度板块高速插入欧亚板块之下的响应 ,这个结果证实了南中国板块受西藏块体东向挤压而向东南运动的构造学推断。