海南省乐东县丘糖岭古-新近纪地层特征及岩石地层单位

海南省乐东县丘糖岭一带出露-套河流相的粗碎屑岩,通过对其岩石组合特征、沉积环境、古生物面貌等方面进一步深入研究,认为该套地层与海南岛长昌盆地瓦窑组和长坡盆地长坡组差异明显,新建丘糖岭组,时代为渐新世．中新世。丘糖岭组的建立进一步完善了海南岛新生代岩石地层序列,为深入研究该地区晚中生代构造岩浆作用背景及早新生代的盆地演化...     

松辽盆地东缘营城盆地层序地层划分与地层对比

营城盆地位于松辽盆地东缘,其地层可与松辽盆地地层对比。营城盆地层序（三级）地层应与松辽盆地Ⅰ-VI和IX、X层序（火石岭组、沙河子组、营城组、登娄库组和泉头组）地层相对应,营城盆地地层应该划分为侏罗系上统火石岭组（J3h）;白垩系下统沙河子组（k1sh）、营城组（k1y）、泉头组（k1q）;第四系（Q）。主要可采工业煤层产在沙河子组。     

松辽东缘羊草沟盆地层序地层划分与地层对比

羊草沟盆地位于松辽盆地东南缘,其地层可与松辽盆地地层对比。羊草沟盆地层序(三级)地层应与松辽盆地Ⅰ～Ⅹ层序(火石岭组、沙河子组、营城组、登娄库组和泉头组)地层相对应。羊草沟盆地地层应该划分为侏罗系上统火石岭组(J3h);白垩系下统沙河子组(K1sh)、营城组(K1y)、大羊草沟组(K1d)和泉头组(K1q);第四系(Q)。主要可采工业煤层产在大羊草沟组。     

宁夏固原炭山地区中侏罗世沉积地质特征及其意义

炭山地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南部,区内含煤地层延安组厚度大,煤层发育;煤层具有镜质组含量低,惰质组含量高的特征。通过对该区构造、沉积地层和煤岩特征分析研究,并与邻近的六盘山盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区进行对比,认为炭山地区煤系地层主要为网状河道的冲积平原沉积环境和沼泽环境形成,早期存在的浅湖相沉积;说明与鄂尔多斯盆地南缘连通,是同处在鄂尔多斯盆地残延克拉通内的叠合盆地,但沉积了相对周边地区较厚的延安组,形成的煤层层数多,单层厚度小;结合该地区的构造背景,推断炭山地区是处在鄂尔多斯盆地残延克拉通内叠合盆地基础上的断陷盆地。在清水河大断裂和青铜峡—固原大断裂之间炭山地区以外的区域,与炭山地区具有相同的沉积环境和构造背景,推断应具有找煤前景。     

松辽盆地宾县—王府凹陷构造特征分析

以松辽盆地宾县-王府凹陷为对象,采用构造-地层分析方法,通过选取多条地震剖面进行二维构造-地层解译和平衡恢复研究,并计算伸展量和伸展率,揭示出宾县-王府凹陷的发育过程,并分析盆地总体结构特征和盆地形成机制.结果显示,火石岭组、沙河子组和营城子组属于初始裂陷期沉积;登娄库组沉积前的断陷盆地相受断层控制,登娄库组沉积期向塘...     

青海扎陵湖和鄂陵湖盆地第四纪河湖相地层研究

通过对扎陵湖和鄂陵湖沿岸的湖积阶地中湖相沉积的野外地质调查和实测剖面,对分布于盆地内的第四纪早更新世-全新世湖相地层进行了详细的研究和划分、重新厘定了该区第四纪岩石地层单元,确立了生物地层和年代地层序列.建立了青海东南部地区第四纪早更新世-全新世湖相地层单位-黄河源群(QH),黄河源群是由第四系下更新统野生沟组(Qp~1γ)、中更新统鄂陵湖组(Qp~2e)、上更新统大野马岭组(Qp~3d)和全新统黑河乡组(Qhh)等4个组组成.为青藏高原湖泊演化、气候变化、古地理变迁研究,以及第四纪地层的划分与对比等提供了新资料.     

内蒙古贺兰山煤田二道岭矿区直罗组成煤环境分析

二道岭矿区侏罗系的成因属鄂尔多斯中生代盆地西缘的陆相碎屑沉积,岩石地层自下而上为富县组、延安组、直罗组和安定组。以往认为鄂尔多斯盆地的侏罗系延安组为含煤岩系,其他均为不含煤的地层,在近几年来的勘查中,发现直罗组也存在具有一定分布面积的可采煤层,笔者通过直罗组岩石露头、钻孔岩心和测井曲线的分析研究,划分了直罗组沉积相,并探索了直罗组的聚煤规律,对煤层进行了预测。研究认为,直罗组属典型的河流相沉积,进一步可细分为河床亚相、河漫滩亚相和漫滩沼泽亚相。煤层形成于漫滩沼泽亚相,富煤带的展布受控于河床亚相砂体。     

呼和诺尔盆地伊敏组含煤特征分析

呼和诺尔盆地属海拉尔盆地群,为张性盆地,区域性的北东向断裂控制了盆地的形态和规模。盆地主要含煤地层为下白垩统伊敏组,发育11个煤组,其中4煤组、8煤组煤层较稳定,全区大部可采;11煤组煤层稳定,厚度达15～20m,为全区主要可采煤层。根据伊敏组含煤地层沉积特征,,划分了四个沉积旋回,分析了影响煤层沉积的主要因素,认为盆地沉积明显受同沉积断层的控制,表现在断层两盘岩层生长指数和沉积特征均有明显的差异。本次研究将对海拉尔盆地乃至相邻蒙古国盆地的煤田勘查提供借鉴。     

辽西八道壕煤盆地含煤地层时代及聚煤规律分析

八道壕含煤盆地位于辽西的黑山一彰武地区,与阜新一义县盆地相邻,是阜新外围的一个重要含煤盆地。本文从生物地层和沉积学角度说明八道壕矿区的煤层属于早白垩世,可与阜新盆地的沙海组对比,在此基础上对八道壕矿区的地层层序及煤炭资源赋存的规律进行了研究,认为八道壕盆地的煤层可分为上下两个煤层组,下煤组形成于水下扇边缘．上煤组形成于扇三角洲覆水合适的地区。早期冲积扇自盆地西南注入湖盆,煤层发育在盆地北部,自西侧盆缘断裂前向东超覆,向南碎屑岩增多,煤层变薄尖灭。     

中国早古近纪陆相地层划分框架研究北大核心CSCD

近十年来,在广东南雄盆地、江西池江盆地、湖南衡阳盆地和内蒙古二连盆地开展的生物地层学、化学地层学和磁性地层学的研究工作,为我国陆相古近系上湖阶、浓山阶和岭茶阶的建立提供了可靠的依据,并为其与海相地层、全球界线层型的对比提供了可能。古新统上湖阶的界线层型剖面选在广东南雄盆地大塘剖面(即鹅颈岭—逆龙坑一线),根据脊椎动物化石和岩石地层学的研究将紧挨南雄群-上湖组界线的一套黄灰色厚层黏土砾岩作为其底界。最新的古地磁和同位素研究表明,上湖组底界处于C29R极性段的上部,接近白垩系-古近系界线,可以作为上湖阶的底界。古新统浓山阶的界线层型在江西池江盆地田心里—狮子口村剖面,该剖面下古新统狮子口组和中、上古新统池江组的哺乳动物群有明显变化。同时,磁性地层学研究表明,狮子口组与池江组界线上、下出现C27n极性段向C26r极性段转换,可与海相地层中的"丹尼最晚期事件"对比。这表明浓山阶的底界位于C27n/C26n转换带,相当于丹尼阶最上部,与塞兰特阶底界接近,与北美哺乳动物分期当中Torrejonian-Tiffanian的界线基本一致。始新统岭茶阶(古新统-始新统)界线层型选在我国湖南衡东盆地成家冲东北的岭茶—霞流公路旁,剖面上发现的古新统-始新统界线碳同位素负向漂移,可与国际古新统-始新统界线层型剖面——埃及Dababiya剖面(GSSP)的碳同位素负向漂移对比,该剖面的碳同位素负向飘移可以作为岭茶阶底界,年龄接近55.8±0.2Ma。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Coprecipitation of Ti,Mo, Sn and Sb with fluorides and application to determination of B,Ti, Zr,Nb, Mo,Sn, Sb,Hf and Ta by ICP-MS

We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l^− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO₂.