我国沥青中的稀土元素分布及其环境意义

用中子活化方法测试了我国１８个沥青样品中的稀土元素分布，沥青的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布模式，铕异常及某些具有指相性元素对的比值（如Ｌａ／Ｃｅ，Ｌａ／Ｓｍ和Ｌａ／Ｙｂ），并且与现代不同岩相生物稀土元素分布模式进行对比表明我国沥青中的稀土元素分布具有以下特点：（１）东部二叠和第三系滨海相沥青，富含轻稀土元素，弱铕亏损；（２）西部三叠－株罗系海相沥青，富含重稀土，强铕亏损；（３）泥盆系以前远离陆地海相     

内蒙古中部区地台区和地槽区元素地球化学分布特征

本文利用历史地球化学的观点，研究了内蒙中部区地台和地槽区各时代常量元素（Ｓｉ、Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ａｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ）、微量元素（Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｈｇ等）的分布特征，以及稀土元素（Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｇｄ、Ｅｕ、Ｔｂ、Ｙｂ、Ｌｕ）总量变化、元素的配分和稀土元素的组成模式，总结了元素随地质年代由老到新的演化规律，指出了主要成矿元素相对富集的层位，得出内蒙中部区相对富集轻稀土、贫中稀土和重稀土的结论。     

色层分离－端视电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定高纯氧化铕中稀土杂质元素

对Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离稀土元素的条件进行了实验，拟定了以Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂为固定相，ＨＣｌ为流动相分离４Ｎ级荧光材料Ｅｕ＿２Ｏ＿３中１４种稀土杂质元素的流程，使被测杂质与基体Ｅｕ＿２Ｏ＿３达到了较好的分离；再用阳离子交换树脂分离被测液中非稀土杂质元素。选择了端视ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测量稀土杂质元素的最佳条件。称样量５０ｍｇ时各杂质组分的测定下限（ｕｇ／ｇ）为：ＣｅＯ＿２、Ｐｒ＿６Ｏ＿（１１）、Ｎｄ＿２Ｏ＿３、Ｓｍ＿２Ｏ＿３、Ｔｂ＿４Ｏ＿７、Ｈｏ＿２Ｏ＿３、Ｅｒ＿２Ｏ＿３，Ｔｍ＿２Ｏ＿３、Ｌｕ＿２Ｏ＿３０．４，Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３、Ｇｄ＿２Ｏ＿３、０．２，Ｄｙ＿２Ｏ＿３、Ｙ＿２Ｏ＿３０．０４，Ｙｂ＿２Ｏ＿３０．０２。６次取样分析，各杂质组分加入量为１０ｕｇ／ｇ（ＣｅＯ＿２为２ｕｇ／ｇ），加入回收率在８４％～１１２％；ＲＳＤ＜１３％。方法可用于纯度在９９．９９％～９９．９９９５％Ｅｕ＿２Ｏ＿３中１４种稀土杂质元素的测定。     

色层分离—端视电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定高纯氧化铕中稀土…

对Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离稀土元素的条件进行了实验，拟定了Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂为固定相，ＨＣＬ为流动相分离４Ｎ级荧光材料Ｅｕ２Ｏ３中１４种稀土杂质元素的流程，使被测杂质与基体Ｅｕ２Ｏ３达到了较好的分离；再用阳离子交换树脂分离被测液中非稀土杂质元素，选择了端视ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测量稀土杂质元素的最佳条件，称样量５０ｍｇ时各杂质组分的测定下限为：ＣｅＯ２，Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１，Ｎｄ３Ｏ３，Ｓｍ２Ｏ３，Ｔｂ４Ｏ７，Ｈｏ２Ｏ     

中子活化分析大洋多金属结核标准物质的研究

采用中子活化分析相对＿Ｋ０法对研制的两个深海多金属结核标准物质ＧＳＰＮ＿２和ＧＳＰＮ＿３中的２６种主量和微量元素进行了定值测定，所得结果与初定值符合；对中子辐照自屏蔽效应进行了实验测定和理论计算，结果显示了很好的一致性；同时还对这两个多金属结核标准物中的Ａｓ、Ｂａ、Ｃｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｅｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｌａ、Ｌｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｎａ、Ｓｂ、Ｓｍ、Ｓｃ、Ｔｈ、Ｙｂ和Ｚｎ的取样量与取样误差关系进行了研究。结果表明，在ＧＳＰＮ＿２和ＧＳＰＮ＿３试样中分别有８种和１１种元素，在取样量１０ｍｇ时其取样误差小于１％。     

铁基样品中锰的中子活化法测定

采用热中子与超热中子照射相结合的中子活化法测定了铁高含量样品中锰的含量。实验测定和理论计算了铁对锰的干扰系数，两者符合较好。对几个标准物质的分析结果与推荐值相符。该方法适用于ｍＦｅ／ｍＭｎ小于２×１０５的样品中锰含量的测定     

X射线荧光光谱法直接测定碳酸盐岩石中主次痕量元素

采用粉末样品压片制样，碳酸盐岩石标样及人工合成标样为标准，使用理论α系数及散射线内标法校正元素的吸收＿增强效应，用Ｘ射线光谱仪对碳酸盐岩石试样中的Ｎａ、Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｓｉ、Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｃｌ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｓｃ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｇａ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｙ、Ｚｒ、Ｎｂ、Ｂａ、Ｐｂ、Ｌａ、Ｃｅ和Ｔｈ等３０种主次痕量元素进行测定，其分析结果与标样标准值（或化学法值）符合较好，方法的精密度（ＲＳＤ，ｎ＝１０）＜１０％（除含量在检出限附近的元素外），各元素检出限基本满足化探要求     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法测定纯氧化镧中稀土和非稀土杂质

研究了用感耦等离子体发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定纯氧化镧中Ｃｅ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｙ，Ｆｅ，Ａｌ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ和Ｓｉ１０个杂质元素的方法。考察了基体镧的光谱干扰，共存元素间光谱干扰及校正方法，方法检出限为０．０００５－０．０３９μｇ／ｍｌ；标准加入量１μｇ／ｍｌ时，回收率为９５％－１０６％；１０μｇ／ｍｌ的标准溶液，测定１０次，ＲＳＤ为０．２４％－１．０１％。方法简单，快速，不震分离富集，适用于氧     

青藏高原冈底斯带中段花岗岩类及其中铁镁质微粒包体地球化学特征

青藏高原冈底斯带花岗岩及其中铁镁质微粒包体地球化学研究表明,冈底斯花岗岩带岩石类型是钙碱性、中铝质的。１０对花岗岩及包体的地球化学分析结果表明,ＳｉＯ２与Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＦｅＯＴ都是呈线性降低的趋势、二元素散点图及共分母图（如Ｌａ－Ｃｅ,Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ,Ｔｈ－Ｌａ,Ｌａ－Ｂａ,Ｔｈ／Ｙｂ－Ｔａ／Ｙｂ,Ｚｒ／Ｙ－Ｚｒ,Ｃｓ－Ｒｂ,ＳｉＯ２－Ｚｒ／ＴｉＯ２）具有不同程度的直线变异关系,而花岗岩及包体的同位素地球化学表明花岗岩中含有大量幔源组分,说明与岩浆混合作用及（或）成分分异有关。花岗岩及包体的常量元素、微量及稀土元素、同位素地球化学特征显示两者具有同源性。     

化学定时炸弹:中国陆地环境面临的新问题

根据中国环境地球化学监控网络第一次采样的结果,发现中国东部,尤其是华南地区,是Ｎａ２Ｏ,ＭｇＯ,ＣａＯ的低背景地球化学区,Ａｌ的高背景地球化学区,这个独特的地球化学区,恰好也是我国酸性沉降物的分布区,由于持续的酸性物质沉降,使这一地区成为对酸性物质沉降最脆弱的地区,有可能导致土壤中Ａｌ的突然释放,出现森林大面积突然死亡的环境危害。研究还发现,该地区也是Ｔｈ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｔｉ、Ａｕ、Ｂ、Ｔｌ、Ｗ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｂ、Ａｇ、Ｉ、Ｕ、Ａｓ、Ｓｅ、Ｍｏ、Ｂｉ、Ｒｂ、Ｇａ、Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｙ、Ｐｂ、Ｇｅ、Ｚｒ、Ｂｅ、Ｎｂ、Ｓｎ等２８种元素的地球化学高背景分布区。随着土壤的ｐＨ值不断降低,最终将导致这些金属中的一种或数种元素同时从土壤中释放,有可能在不同的时间阶段及不同地区的大面积范围内出现不同元素的化学定时炸弹。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861