明安图射电频谱日像仪图像的强度定标方法

明安图射电频谱日像仪(Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph, MUSER)能够在0.4--15GHz超宽频带内实现高时间、高空间、高频率分辨率的太阳射电成像. 而射电亮温度是描述太阳物理过程的一个重要的参数, 在研究不同射电辐射机制、太阳磁场以及太阳爆发过程中非热粒子加速等问题上有着非常重要的作用, 因此必须对MUSER观测的图像进行亮温度定标. 将介绍一种适用于射电日像仪图像强度定标的方法. 太阳射电图像中包含着太阳圆盘的结构信息, 利用射电日像仪短基线的可视度函数拟合第一类贝塞尔函数, 可以得到图像中宁静太阳圆盘的射电半径和强度, 再利用瑞利-金斯定律和每天的太阳射电流量可以计算得到每天图像的定标因子$G_c$, 从而实现对MUSER图像强度的定标. 将该方法应用到MUSER的实际观测数据中, 包括宁静太阳和有太阳射电爆发等不同的情况, $G_c$的误差基本不超过10%, 得到的宁静太阳亮温度与其他宁静太阳的结果具有较高的相关性, 表明了此方法的可行性和有效性.     

太阳射电频谱日像仪光纤传输技术分析与性能测试

分析了光纤传输系统的特性，及其对太阳射电频谱日像仪的影响。根据日像仪系统的传输性能要求，对四种光纤传输方案进行了综合比较，最终选择模拟光纤传输系统作为建设方案。在选定方案的基础上对相关设备的性能进行了测试，并针对设备测试与对卫星信号的现场实际相关接收测试结果进行分析，验证了拟定方案的可行性。最后，提出构建太阳射电频谱日像仪光纤传输系统需要进一步解决的问题和需深入探讨的内容．     

太阳射电频谱仪超高时间分辨率观测的新结果

国家天文台分米波太阳射电频谱仪用新的观测模式获得太阳射电频谱的一些新的观测现象。新的观测模式频率在1．1—1．34GHz范围，时间分辨率是1．25ms；正常的观测模式下频率在1．1—2．06GHz范围，时间分辨率是5ms。在两种模式下频率分辨率为4MHz。发现窄带Ⅲ型爆发（“blips”）斑马纹（Zebra）和纤维结构（Fiber）中的超精细结构和一些新的精细结构。这些新的结果有助于深入理解在太阳耀斑期间低日冕中能量的释放和转移，也为拟建中的太阳射电频谱日像仪提出了新的要求。     

日食的射电观测

日食为射电天文提供了一维高空间分辨率太阳射电观测机会,日食射电观测在太阳射电物理的发展上起过重要的作用,文中对日食射电观测的若干重要因素作了介绍和分析,日食射电观测在我国太阳射电天文台发展上也起了重要作用,文中简要介绍了在我国组织观测的１９５８年,１９６８年,１９８０年及１９８７年太阳射电日食观测及其主要结果。     

前言

第一届太阳射电频谱日像仪研讨会暨2005年太阳射电年会于2005年6月15—17日在北京和内蒙古自治区正镶白旗(射电日像仪候选台址)成功召开。来自国家天文台、紫金山天文台、云南天文台、北京大学、南京大学、北京师范大学、北京邮电大学、石家庄电子技术研究所等单位的50余位专家和研究生参加了会议。此次会议对射电频谱日像仪(CSRH)项目的开展进行了科学论证并交流了日像仪预研工作进展。与会代表就频谱日像仪项目的方案设计、实验结果分析、面临的问题以及待解决的其它关键技术问题等进行了认真的论证、分析和讨论,并对该项目的进一步开展…     

射电日像仪灵敏度测量

灵敏度是射电望远镜的一个重要性能指标,它反映了望远镜监测弱信号的能力。基于明安图射电频谱日像仪(Mingantu Ultrawide Spectral Radioheliograph,MUSER)的调试观测,给出了日像仪灵敏度的测量方法,对天线系统以及整个阵列的灵敏度进行测量分析,得到了日像仪系统整体的灵敏度性能参数。测量同时给出了天线系统的效率以及接收机系统的增益,这将为下一步日像仪展开常规的科学观测提供参考。     

太阳射电高时间分辨率观测中的干扰问题

本文对太阳射电高时间分辨率观测中的一些干扰问题作了初步分析,并提出了区分太阳射电精细结构事件与雷达干扰的相应办法。     

太阳射电频谱观测数据分析系统方案设计

中国太阳射电宽带动态频谱仪(solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer)在太阳物理研究和国际合作交流中发挥了重要作用.为进一步扩大该设备观测数据的国际交流和共享、挖掘数据的深层信息、加快科学产出,有必要开发一套与SSW(Solar Soft Ware)兼容的数据分析系统.该系统具有以下主要特点:(1)按SSW规范设计编写,既可以在SSW环境下运行也可以独立安装使用;(2)新界面设计更易于用户上手,也可以进行复杂深层的数值分析;(3)规范明晰的功能模块和流程设计减少了漏洞和排错时间,定标和特征信息提取等多种亟需功能的完善为科学研究开拓了空间,节省了时间;(4)利用MySQL关系数据库管理系统建设一个安全稳定、易于升级管理的数据库,便于浏览搜索和批量下载.此外,该数据分析系统的开发将为正在研制的中国太阳射电频谱日像仪积累经验和储备技术,并为国内其它台站提供模式和经验.     

日冕物质抛射的低频射电特征

日冕物质抛射(ChIEs)经常被观测到和其他日面活动相伴生，太阳耀斑、日珥爆发、盔状冕流等许多太阳现象，都与它有直接或间接的关系。射电观测是研究CMEs的一种重要的补充工具。多频率的射电成像观测能很好地研究CMEs的初始阶段，而且可以得到关于CMEs触发机制特征的更多信息。概括了CMEs与低频射电的关系，介绍了低频射电的观测仪器，分析了CMEs低频射电所表现出来的特征，考虑了CMEs的初发机制，总结了尚待解决的问题，表明了CMEs研究是基于多类数据和全电磁辐射波段的。     

一个含有丰富快速精细结构的射电大爆发

本文对１９９０年７月３０日云南天文台四波段太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统＾「１，２」所观测到的太阳射电大爆发进行了分析，对在１．４２ＧＨｚ，２．００ＧＨｚ，２．８４ＧＨｚ三个波段上观测到的大量尖峰辐射作了关于寿命和强度的统计，最后，针对本次爆发中的ｍｓ－ｓｐｉｋｅｓ的特点做了一些讨论。     

The phase variations of the solar cycle

It has previously been shown that the statistics of the phase fluctuation of the sunspot cycle are compatible with the assumption that the solar magnetic field is generated deep in the Sun by a frequency stable oscillator and that the observed substantial phase fluctuation in the sunspot cycle is due to variation in the time required for the magnetic field to move to the solar surface (Dicke, 1978, 1979). It was shown that the observed phase shifts are strongly correlated with the amplitude of the solar cycle. It is shown here that of two empirical models for the transport of magnetic flux to the surface, the best fit to the data is obtained with a model for which the magnetic flux is carried to the surface by convection with the convection velocity proportional to a function of the solar cycle amplitude. The best fit of this model to the data is obtained for a 12-yr transit time. The period obtained for the solar cycle is T = 22.219 ± 0.032 yr. It is shown that the great solar anomaly of 1760–1800 is most likely real and not due to poor data.     

The dynamics of solar sails with a non-point source of radiation pressure

The form of the solar radiation pressure on a heliocentric orbiting solar sail is obtained for a finite angular sized and limb darkened solar disk by the use of the radiation pressure tensor. It is found that the usual inverse square variation of the solar radiation pressure is modified by the finite angular size, and to a lesser extent by the solar limb darkening. The actual magnitude of the modification is in itself small, except at close heliocentric distances. However, its existence has implications for the dynamical stability of solar sails both in parked and circular orbital configurations and for the accuracy of trajectory calculations, particularly for sails in the inner solar system.     

Solar Proton Events and Fluctuations in the Density of Electrons Trapped Within the Earth's Magnetosphere

We present evidence for a correlation between solar proton events and fluctuations in the density of electrons trapped inside the Earth's magnetosphere. We examine 60 solar proton events and 53 solar proton enhancements, which took place between August 1989 and February 1999 (during solar cycles 22 and 23). It is found that 90% of the solar proton events and 85% of the solar proton enhancements are associated with fluctuations in the trapped electron density of the Earth's magnetosphere. Fifty percent of proton events occurred in complex regions. Ninety-six percent of the remaining events that occurred in simple solar active regions are associated with fluctuations of the electron density. We also examined 63 solar active regions with complex magnetic field configurations, which did not produce proton events. It is found that 57% of them were not associated with fluctuations in the trapped electron density during the period when their delta configurations existed on the solar disk. A total of 93 complex solar active regions occurred on the solar disk and 60% are associated with fluctuations of electron density. In this preliminary paper, we demonstrate the potential of invoking the correlation to improve the reliability of short-term predictions for proton events. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017547923556     

The chemical composition of solar-type stars in comparison with that of the Sun

The question whether the solar chemical composition is typical for solar-type stars is analysed by comparing the Sun with different stellar samples, including a sample of stars with very similar parameters, solar twins. Although typical in terms of overall metallicity for stars of solar age and galactic orbit, the solar atmosphere is found to have abundances, as compared with solar twins, that indicate that its gas has once been affected by dust formation and dust separation. It is concluded that this may be related to the formation of the solar planetary system and its special properties.     

Mechanisms of coronal heating

The Sun is a mysterious star. The high temperature of the chromosphere and corona present one of the most puzzling problems of solar physics. Observations show that the solar coronal heating problem is highly complex with many different facts. It is likely that different heating mechanisms are at work in solar corona. Recent observations show that Magnetic Carpet is a potential candidate for solar coronal heating.     

日食射电观测和资料预处理

本文介绍了日食射电观测及其资料预处理的基本方法。其中包括日食观测点的选址、观测前的准备、日食观测和食后资料的预处理等。通过资料预处理 ,可得到归一化天线温度和斜率食变曲线 ,为研究日面亮度温度分布和射电源参数等基本物理量提供基本数据和资料     

22周上升相日面各经度带的活动规律

本文回顾了１９８３年以来一些对太阳活动的谱分析结果。大致可分为两种规律：在太阳活动１１年周期的上升相一般呈现８０天左右的周期。下降相呈现１５０天左右的周期。这些规律均是由太阳全日面总体活动指数得到的谱分析结果。文中将第２２周上升段（１９８７．１．１—１９８８．７．３１）的太阳黑子群和Ｘ射线耀斑按经度带作了极大熵谱估计。结果表明，各经度带的活动规律不同，同一经度带内，太阳黑子群和Ｘ射线耀斑的出现规律也不尽相同。这种将事件按经度带分布得到的活动规律对事件本身的中期预报将会有实际应用价值。     

太阳风离子尺度湍流与太阳风加热

太阳风源自太阳大气,在行星际空间传播过程中被持续加热,然而究竟是何种能量加热了太阳风至今未研究清楚.太阳风普遍处于湍动状态,其湍动能量被认为是加热太阳风的重要能源.然而,太阳风湍流通过何种载体、基于何种微观物理机制加热了太阳风尚不明确,这是相关研究的关键问题.将回顾人类对太阳风加热问题的研究历史,着重介绍近年来我国学者在太阳风离子尺度湍流与加热方面取得的研究进展,展望未来在太阳风加热研究中有待解决的科学问题和可能的研究方向.     

Size and Physical Properties of the Comet Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1) Nucleus

This article uses fractal and correlation analysis of solar radio emission for determining the solar coronal rotation. It is clear from this analysis that radio emissions are modulated by the solar rotation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Modulation of Solar Constant by Active Regions during 1980

Irradiance records of the Nimbus-7 and SMM satellites indicate a systematic downward trend of the solar constant of the order of a few hundredths of a percent and a slow variation of the solar constant on a time scale from days to weeks. The reason for the downward trend is not known as yet; it seems that the slow variation of the solar constant is linked with the solar rotation period via the effect of solar active regions. This paper deals with the connection between the solar constant variation and the age of the solar active regions. It seems that decreases in the solar constant took place when sunspot groups developing quickly in time and space with complex structure occurred on the solar disk. On the other hand, when the “older” groups with simple structure were dominant the value of the solar constant increased slightly or these groups could reduce the effects of “younger” groups.