我国海洋意识教育探究

我国作为海洋大国,拥有广阔的海域和丰富的海洋资源。在全球海洋布局的时代背景下,加快海洋强国建设成为重中之重。国家开展海洋强国建设需要全民海洋意识的全面提升,由此海洋意识教育显得尤为重要。文章根据多年工作经验,从各方面研究数据出发,分析了海洋意识教育的含义以及加强海洋意识教育的重要性。根据我国国民海洋意识调查的现状,从基础教育、高等教育和大众宣传等方面提出了加强海洋意识教育的举措建议。最终得出应加强我国海洋意识教育,建设过硬的海洋人才队伍,以社会主义核心价值观为导向,加快我国海洋强国建设的步伐。     

通识教育视野下如何加强大学生海洋意识教育

提高全民海洋意识对于建设海洋强国具有重要意义,在全民海洋意识教育中,大学生作为海洋强国梦的重要建设力量,提高大学生群体的海洋意识非常重要。文章在分析大学生群体海洋意识教育现状的基础上,提出了加强海洋通识教育课程建设、利用快速发展的计算机技术创新海洋通识教育形式、培育师资力量、加大网络教育资源建设、利用重大活动及纪念日和社团提高参与度等相关对策。     

我国海洋生态文明素养培育现状与发展对策

海洋生态文明是习近平生态文明理念在海洋领域的具体体现,也是我国发展海洋强国的基础性要求。近年来,我国海洋生态环境保护仍面临严峻威胁,海洋生态文明素养培育迫在眉睫。本文通过分析海洋生态文明素养培育的重要性、教育现状和存在问题,提出了加强全民海洋意识教育顶层设计与监督管理,进一步发挥海洋生态文明示范区的示范带头作用及海洋意识教育基地辐射作用,结合学校及地方公共图书馆开展丰富多彩的海洋阅读推广服务活动,打造线上线下一体化全方位渗透的海洋科普教育平台,从而形成纵向贯通、横向融通的海洋生态文明素养培育体系等对策建议,为海洋生态文明建设的职能部门、教育部门和海洋科技教育人员进一步推动海洋生态文明的文化建设提供参考。     

我国海洋地理基础教育发展现状的初步研究

随着人类对于海岸海洋资源环境开发利用与保护的不断深入,海洋国土和权益的问题日益突出,因而各国普遍开始重视在基础教育中开展海洋地理学的教育活动.文章在对我国海洋观的演变过程做简要分析的基础上,对当前海洋地理教育现状的调查结果进行评述,进而就"新课程改革与海洋地理教育"这一问题做了深入分析,以此阐述海洋地理内容在课程中的重要地位.最后就目前存在的问题,从地理新课程教材编写修订和新课程教学过程优化这两方面,对学校和地方开展海洋地理基础教育提出了几点建议.     

如何培养我们的海洋意识？

我国国民海洋意识提高的基础土壤比较薄弱,海洋意识培育的最主要的途径应该是正式的海洋教育,以重点人群（中小学生）为切入点,通过正式教育途径提高学生群体对海洋文化的认识。     

世纪之交的中国海洋问题

世纪之交的中国海洋问题·邓聿文农华西中国人的海洋意识我们是一个濒临海洋的民族,我们又是一个远离海洋的民族。的确,从地理条件来看,我国是一个海洋大国,拥有总量比较丰富的海洋资源,而从意识层面来看,我国绝大多数人的海洋意识还仍比较薄弱,以致我们从观念上远...     

加强海洋监察执法 促进海洋经济又好又快发展

加强海洋综合管理,提高海监执法水平,对于维护海洋开发秩序和海洋权益,促进海洋经济、社会、生态效益和谐共进,保障海洋经济又好又快发展,都具有极其重要的作用.目前我国海洋经济发展速度明显加快,全社会依法用海意识明显增强,海洋法制建设日趋完善,海监执法队伍日益壮大.但在海洋执法管理中仍存在不容忽视的问题.主要结合海洋执法管理中存在的问题,对加强海洋监察执法工作,促进海洋经济又好又快发展提出了建设性的建议和措施.     

海洋教育：教育思想与实践的嬗变

当今世界,国与国之间海洋实力的竞争,已经从最初对海洋资源的竞争变成海洋人才竞争,而海洋教育则是海洋人才的摇篮,逐渐成为教育体系中不容忽视的重要实践。从少数人海洋教育意识的觉醒,再到如今面向普罗大众的社会海洋教育,由海洋教育衍生的知行、创新、问题思维教育模式,成为推动教育思想与教育实践嬗变的活力因素。文章梳理海洋教育思想及教育实践发展的特点,围绕发展过程中存在的优势与不足,提出海洋教育发展的新路径,使海洋教育更好地服务建设“海洋强国”等国家战略。     

海洋管理中的公民参与研究

公民参与是政府海洋管理的基石,海洋管理关键在于创新政府海洋管理制度和方式,提高政府工作的透明度和人民群众的参与度。要大力加强对我国公民的海洋意识教育;各级政府和海洋事业的领导者要进一步树立民主管理意识和观念,采取有力措施,进一步发挥广大民众尤其是沿海地区居民参与海洋管理的积极性。     

国民海洋意识的窘境与出路——提高国民海洋意识途径的探讨

海洋是决定国家地位和经济实力的重要因素之一,增强国民海洋意识对国家海洋事业乃至社会各项事业的发展具有重要意义。然而,目前我国国民海洋意识较为淡薄,不能适应社会发展需求。从我国国民海洋意识的现状出发,指出提升国民海洋意识的迫切性,多角度、多层次地探讨了提高国民海洋意识的途径。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.     

The stages of the development of the basin of the Bransfield Strait

The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Influence of the dynamics of currents on the hydrophysical structure of the waters and the vertical exchange in the active layer of the Black Sea

An analysis of the data of measurements of the fine structure and microstructure fluctuations of hydrophysical fields in the upper 200-m layer of the Black Sea carried out using CTD profilers and a Baklan free falling microstructure and turbulence profiler revealed the existence of a positive correlation between the intensity of the fine structure and microstructure fluctuations and the dynamics of the currents. On the other hand, the level of the fine structure and microstructure fluctuations reflects the rate of the vertical turbulent exchange. It was shown that, in the case of the absence of the Black Sea Rim Current (BSRC) jet or clearly manifested mesoscale eddy structures, the vertical turbulent exchange in the pycnocline is weak, while, in the opposite case, it is stronger. The results obtained support the supposition that the interbasin dynamics play an important role in the maintenance of the rate of small-scale mixing in the pycnocline and halocline and provide the vertical transport of dissolved oxygen from the cold intermediate layer into the deeper layers of the sea.