微机遥感图像应用处理系统

本文详细介绍了我们研制的微机遥感图像应用处理系统。它的硬件部分以四台微机为主,采用分布式联接,组成四个子系统,可供1—4人同时操作,能方便地输入输出多种数据和图像。该系统的软件部分,由对应硬件子系统的四个软件包组成,即磁带机数据采集软件包,图像显示软件包,专题制图软件包及遥感应用处理软件包。作为重点的第四部分软件,是在遥感应用工作者的经验和工作方法的基础上设计的,它收集和综合了各种实用处理方法,比通用的图像处理软件包更具有遥感应用的特色。     

The organization and management of Canada's national gravity data base

The National Gravity Data Base has been developed over the past 15 years in response to national and international geoscience requirements. The data base contains information pertaining to gravity standardization networks in Canada and abroad, gravity anomaly mapping in Canada, instrumental parameters, digital terrain and crustal motion. Flexible data management capability and minimal software maintenance costs result from extensive use of the System 2000 DBMS package. Interfaced with the data base are several applications software systems which perform various reduction, editing, adjustment, updating, retrieval and display operations. Presented at International Symposium on Management of Geodetic Data, Copenhagen, August 24–26, 1981.     

MultiscaleDTM: An open-source R package for multiscale geomorphometric analysis

Digital terrain models (DTMs) are datasets containing altitude values above or below a reference level, such as a reference ellipsoid or a tidal datum over geographic space, often in the form of a regularly gridded raster. They can be used to calculate terrain attributes that describe the shape and characteristics of topographic surfaces. Calculating these terrain attributes often requires multiple software packages that can be expensive and specialized. We have created a free, open-source R package, MultiscaleDTM , that allows for the calculation of members from each of the five major thematic groups of terrain attributes: slope, aspect, curvature, relative position, and roughness, from a regularly gridded DTM. Furthermore, these attributes can be calculated at multiple spatial scales of analysis, a key feature that is missing from many other packages. Here, we demonstrate the functionality of the package and provide a simulation exploring the relationship between slope and roughness. When roughness measures do not account for slope, these attributes exhibit a strong positive correlation. To minimize this correlation, we propose a new roughness measure called adjusted standard deviation. In most scenarios tested, this measure produced the lowest rank correlation with slope out of all the roughness measures tested. Lastly, the simulation shows that some existing roughness measures from the literature that are supposed to be independent of slope can actually exhibit a strong inverse relationship with the slope in some cases.     

基于VB．NET征地拆迁数据处理系统的设计与实现

为了解决征地拆迁数据处理过程中数据量大、统计复杂、容易出错、查询困难等问题,基于VB-NET成功研制了征地拆迁数据处理软件。它的研制成功将提高工作效率,使征地拆迁工作走向科学化、规范化管理。本文介绍了LANDMS软件的结构、组成、功能、测试及特点。     

基于扩展关系模型的整体空间数据管理

空间数据模型和数据管理是地理信息系统 (GIS)最重要的研究领域之一。该文介绍一体化的数据模型———扩展关系模型和以此为基础的 ,由作者设计的GIS软件原型系统———GEODBMS。GEODBMS使用统一的数据库管理系统 (DBMS)同时管理图形和属性数据 ;使用改进的四叉树———交叠四叉树索引空间目标 ;使用扩展的SQL语言进行空间查询 ;使用数据恢复和并发控制方法来加强分布式环境下数据的安全性和一致性维护     

iGPS: IDL tool package for GPS position time series analysis

A new tool package written in Interactive Data Language (IDL) was developed for processing and analyzing daily continuous GPS position time series. This software package can read continuous GPS position time series in various formats, detect outliers, remove abnormal observation spans, locate epochs of offsets or post-seismic relaxation events, and estimate their amplitudes. It also provides functionalities for epoch statistics, site selection, periodic noise analysis, spatial filtering (by regional stacking), etc. This tool is referred to as iGPS.     

激光扫描测高技术的发展与现状

回顾了机载激光扫描测高技术的发展历史，总结了当前国内外的研究现状，展望了今后发展趋势及应用前景，并指出了机载激光扫描测高目前还有待于进一步解决的关键问题，最后对我国发展研究应用这一技术提出了若干建议。     

Combining the Arc Marine Framework with Geographic Metadata to Support Ocean Acoustic Modeling

A data model for use in a rapid environmental assessment system is constructed. The data model is used in an information layer that supports acoustic assessments of the ocean environment. Such an assessment requires use of both historic and real‐time oceanographic data. The foundation of the data model is Arc Marine, a framework specification for geospatial oceanographic databases that provides structures for containing the basic data types used in oceanographic research. Arc Marine also allows design extensions to account for application specific data structures as demonstrated through incorporation of aspects of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 19115 Geographic Information–Metadata standard. The ISO 19115 standard provides structures for recording the historic processing of the data sets. The data model is used to construct a database in the open source database management system (DBMS) PostgreSQL. The resulting system also incorporates the concept of user exits, the seamless extension of the DBMS through inclusion of application‐specific software.     

sandwichr: Spatial prediction in R based on spatial stratified heterogeneity

Spatial prediction is commonly used in social and environmental research to estimate values at unobserved locations using sampling data. However, most existing spatial prediction methods and software packages are based on the assumption of spatial autocorrelation (SAC), which may not apply when spatial dependence is weak or non-existent. In this article, we develop a modeling framework for spatial prediction based on spatial stratified heterogeneity (SSH), a common feature of geographical variables, as well as an R package called sandwichr that implements this framework. For populations that can be stratified into homogeneous strata, the proposed framework enables the estimation of values for user-defined reporting units (e.g., administrative units or grid cells) based on the mean of each stratum, even if SAC is weak or absent. The estimated values can be used to create predicted surfaces and mapping. The framework also includes procedures for selecting appropriate stratifications of the populations and assessing prediction uncertainty and model accuracy. The sandwichr package includes functions to implement each step of the framework, allowing users to implement SSH-based spatial prediction effectively and efficiently. Two case studies are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the sandwichr package.     

土地遥感监测数据管理模式与应用策略分析

本文归纳了当前遥感监测数据的几种管理模式:基于文件的管理方式、完全数据库管理方式、扩展的数据库管理方式以及目前出现的其他特殊管理方式,并分析了这几种管理方式的特点和对遥感监测数据应用策略的影响,最后根据土地资源遥感监测数据的应用特点,得出遥感数据的管理需适应不同的专题应用,选择和确定具体的管理和组织方式。     

3-D Geovisualization of satellite images on smart devices by the integration of spatial DBMS,RESTful API and WebGL

Recent technological advancements in web-based geographic information systems have enabled access to satellite images on smart devices. The Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture overcomes difficulties that are associated with conventional data communications on the web, and the Web Graphics Library (WebGL) can be used as an alternative to web-based three-dimensional geographic visualization (3-D geovisualization) due to its efficient image processing capabilities. This paper describes a 3-D geovisualization system that was developed for satellite images on smart devices by integrating a spatial database management system (DBMS), a RESTful application programming interface (API), and WebGL. Spatiotemporal objects were constructed for time-series satellite images within a DBMS and a RESTful API was built for spatiotemporal queries to the time-series database so that the requested satellite data could be represented in 3-D on smart devices using WebGL. Satellite images that are represented in WebGL give a more realistic 3-D experience when they are combined with terrain data and provide for intuitive observations of the relationships between pixel values and associated geospatial conditions. This paper shows that a creative combination of existing technologies can be used to enhance and display satellite images on smart devices for 3-D geovisualization.     

应用 TMS 32010 实现微机遥感图像快速处理

本文主要介绍一种利用TMS 32010数字信号处理器(DSP)和IBM-PC/XT微机构成的微机遥感图像快速处理系统。在此系统上,我们根据微波遥感图像的特点,采用TMS32010宏汇编语言研制出了一个遥感图像快速处理软件库。经过机载微波辐射计图像处理检验,采用TMS 32010语言编程在该系统上的图像处理速度要比采用FORTRAN语言编程在普通微机系统上的图像处理速度提高了100-500倍。此外,本文还提出一种新的平滑滤波算法。该算法滤除高斯白噪声的能力要优于中值滤波,同时还可以保护图像的边缘不被模糊。     

高光谱遥感影像管理系统的设计与实现

由于高光谱数据的海量高维特征,使得传统的信息系统难以有效地对这些数据进行高效地存储、处理、分析,表现等管理操作。因此如何采用新的技术来开发一个能有效管理高光谱遥感影像数据的影像管理系统,是当前高光谱快速发展和深入应用的一个瓶颈之一。本文在研究的过程中,对当前影像管理系统的发展作了大量的分析,利用成熟的关系数据库和程序设计语言,开发了一个方便实用的高光谱遥感影像管理系统以管理高光遥感影像和其他遥感信息,提高影像管理效率。系统已初步实现了多景高光谱遥感影像检索,可以任意加载、导入高光谱遥感影像,运行效果良好。     

基于GIS的重庆市地下河数据库的设计和实现

重庆市地下河数据库包含有气候、水文、地质、化学和社会经济等许多方面的数据,这些数据来自不同的数据收集管理部门及实地勘测的结果,数据存在的形式和数据保存的格式都不统一,常规的数据管理方法难以胜任对这些复杂数据的管理。以关系数据库管理系统(RDBMS)结合地理信息系统(GIS)技术设计的空间数据库可以对空间数据、属性数据进行方便存取和有效的管理。重庆市地下河数据库利用SQL Server Express 2005数据库管理系统为后台数据存储中心,以ArcGIS9.2为平台,使用ArcSDE9.2为纽带设计实现,科学的数据管理方式为在此基础上的水文建模、空间统计分析和水资源评价等应用提供了有力的数据管理平台。     

Enhancing Operations with Spatial Access Methods in a Database Management System for GIS

Much attention has been devoted in the past to support classes of applications which are not well served by conventional database systems. Focusing on the application domain of geographic information systems (GIS), several architectural approaches have been proposed to implement commercial or prototype systems and satisfy the urgent needs for geographic data handling. However, those systems suffer from several limitations because they either perform much processing on an application layer, which is at the top of the database management system (DBMS), or the underlying data models are not rich enough to represent the spatial dimension of geographic entities. This study examines the spatial operations that should be provided by a DBMS for the application domain of GIS and focuses on the various techniques which may be used to support the efficient execution of both simple operations and composite procedures that involve the spatial dimension of geographic entities.     

Earth Observation Scientific Workflows in a Distributed Computing Environment

Geospatially Enabled Scientific Workflows offer a promising toolset to help researchers in the earth observation domain with many aspects of the scientific process. One such aspect is that of access to distributed earth observation data and computing resources. Earth observation research often utilizes large datasets requiring extensive CPU and memory resources in their processing. These resource intensive processes can be chained; the sequence of processes (and their provenance) makes up a scientific workflow. Despite the exponential growth in capacity of desktop computers, their resources are often insufficient for the scientific workflow processing tasks at hand. By integrating distributed computing capabilities into a geospatially enabled scientific workflow environment, it is possible to provide researchers with a mechanism to overcome the limitations of the desktop computer. Most of the effort on extending scientific workflows with distributed computing capabilities has focused on the web services approach, as exemplified by the OGC's Web Processing Service and by GRID computing. The approach to leveraging distributed computing resources described in this article uses instead remote objects via RPyC and the dynamic properties of the Python programming language. The Vistrails environment has been extended to allow for geospatial processing through the EO4Vistrails package ( http://code.google.com/p/eo4vistrails/ ). In order to allow these geospatial processes to be seamlessly executed on distributed resources such as cloud computing nodes, the Vistrails environment has been extended with both multi‐tasking capabilities and distributed processing capabilities. The multi‐tasking capabilities are required in order to allow Vistrails to run side‐by‐side processes, a capability it does not currently have. The distributed processing capabilities are achieved through the use of remote objects and mobile code through RPyC.     

基于三维GIS的海量地形数据存储和调度的研究

地形数据用来表达地形起伏特征,如何有效地存储和调度海量地形数据是三维GIS研究热点之一。本文基于金字塔影像、分片分块的方法组织三维地形数据,以此基础开发了基于三维显示平台和通用数据库(DBMS)的空间数据中间件,通过空间数据中间件对数据库进行地形数据的读写,实现了三维地形数据的存储和调度。     

测距仪室内检测信息系统——用VB建立数据库管理系统

本系统是以中文WINDOWS3．2操作系统下的VISUALBASIC3．0为开发工具研制而成，具有数据输入、通信传输、分类入库、成果计算、查询统计、报表打印、文件管理等功能。利用VB的数据库专用工具，直接在VB应用程序内建立数据库和访问异源数据，真正实现了数据管理与处理的一体化。     

基于矢量数据的LUCC广义转移矩阵自动挖掘方法

为了充分利用日益增多的多时态土地利用/覆被矢量数据,依据不同属性全方位挖掘提取其中隐含的要素变化转移信息,进而为土地资源科学管理与统筹规划提供技术支持和决策依据,首先提出了广义转移矩阵的概念,并进行了形式化定义,然后设计了一种基于矢量数据的广义转移矩阵自动计算生成方法,详细阐述了数据预处理、匹配关系建立、要素变化检测、矩阵设置与生成4个实施步骤中涉及的主要问题及解决策略。试验结果表明:所提方法能够大幅提高转移矩阵矢量化计算生成的准确度和灵活性,有效克服人工手动处理计算效率低、周期长、易出错、难检查的不足,以及常用栅格化计算方法精度低、结果单一、不能准确全面反映土地利用/覆盖要素在不同属性上的变化转移情况的局限。     

GIS与语言学交叉研究

GIS已广泛应用在人文社会学科,语言地理信息系统以地理空间数据库为基础,通过数据管理系统将地理空间数据与语言特征数据有机地结合在一起,可以便捷地进行数据检索、绘制语言特征地图和时空分析等操作,为语言学研究提供可视化的科学依据。本文梳理了GIS技术应用在语言学的研究现状,并借助GIS强大的时空分析功能,在语言地理信息系统中动态演示了锡伯语在空间上的历时演变,为锡伯语变迁研究提供了实证材料。