用地磁脉动日食效应探讨甚低纬Pc3-4地磁脉动源

在3次日食期间,利用甚低纬区和从低纬到甚低纬过渡区地面站进行的地磁脉动观测资料,分析了Pc3-4地磁脉动的南北分量（H）和东西分量（D）在H-D平面内矢端图主轴方向的变化．结果表明,当观测点纬度低于日全食带纬度时,H-D矢端图主轴有90°相移现象;当观测点纬度高于日全食带纬度时,则无这种现象．由此我们推测,甚低纬区和从低纬到甚低纬过渡区Pc3-4地磁脉动可能主要是过滤机制产生的．     

Connections between whistlers and pulsation activity

Simultaneous whistler records of one station and geomagnetic pulsation (Pc3) records at three stations were compared. In a previous study correlation was found between occurrence and L value of propagation/excitation for the two phenomena. The recently investigated simultaneous records have shown that the correlation is better on longer time scales (days) than on shorter ones (minutes), but the L values of the propagation of whistlers/excitation of pulsations are correlated, i.e. if whistlers propagate in higher latitude ducts, pulsations have periods longer than in the case when whistlers propagate in lower latitude ducts.     

Estimation of effect of unequal secular variation on geomagnetic data reduction

The geomagnetic field components are periodically measured at repeat stations. The main objective of the repeat stations is to provide data for tracing the secular variation of the geomagnetic field components. Secular variation at the repeat station is generally different from that at geomagnetic observatory used in the data reduction. The effect of the secular variation differences on geomagnetic data reduction was estimated for the regions of Europe, North America (below 60°N) and Australia, respectively, during the period of 2000-2010. These estimations were obtained by using the monthly mean values of north, east and vertical components of geomagnetic field, recorded at geomagnetic observatories. The effects were calculated by using observatories pairs, with distances from 350 km (in Europe) to 3100 km (in North America and Australia). The maximal effects were found to be the smallest in east component in Europe and North America, and vertical component in Australia; the effects increase with time from a central reduction epoch and they are not constant during mentioned eleven years; they were less than 1 nT only in Europe, for distances between the observatories up to 1000 km in all three components and for periods spanning ±1 month from a central epoch. It was found that their year to year variability is mostly due to the non-eliminated external field residuals in the observatories monthly means; their effect is up to 3 nT for ±3 months from a central epoch. Further, the real effects were compared to those modeled by IGRF-12 model. The maximal differences between the real and the modeled values are below 4.5 nT in all three components, for ±3 months from a central epoch.     

Effects of the August 11, 1999 total solar eclipse as deduced from total electron content measurements at the GPS network

We present the results derived from measuring fundamental parameters of the ionospheric response to the August 11, 1999 total solar eclipse. Our study is based on using the data from about 100 GPS stations located in the neighborhood of the eclipse totality phase in Europe. The eclipse period was characterized by a low level of geomagnetic disturbance (D_st-variation from −10 to −20 nT), which alleviated significantly the problem of detecting the ionospheric response to the eclipse. Our analysis revealed a well-defined effect of a decrease (depression) of the total electron content (TEC) for all GPS stations. The delay between minimum TEC values with respect to the totality phase near the eclipse path increased gradually from 4 min in Greenwich longitude (10:40 UT, LT) to 8 min at the longitude 16° (12:09 LT). The depth and duration of the TEC depression were found to be 0.2–0.3 TECU and 60 min, respectively. The results obtained in this study are in good agreement with earlier measurements and theoretical estimates.     

Spatial Correlation Anomalies of the Diurnal Variation of the Geomagnetic Vertical Component before the Yingjiang MS6.1 and Ludian MS6.5 Earthquakes

Significant anomalies were observed at the geomagnetic stations in the southwest region of China before the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake and the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake in 2014. We processed the geomagnetic vertical component diurnal variation data by the spatial correlation method. The results show that during the period from April 1 to May 20, 2014,there existed quasi-synchronous decrease changes in the coefficient curves between the five geomagnetic stations of Guiyang,Hechi,Nanshan,Muli,Yongning and Xinyi and Hongshan stations.Furthermore,there was a high gradient zone in the normalized correlation coefficient contour map with background values removed. The epicenters of the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake and the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake are located in the gradient zone or near the gradient zone.     

Study on geomagnetic effects of the March 9, 1997 solar eclipse in Mohe area, China

Introduction Study and observation of solar eclipse geomagnetic effects in China begun in 1936, and since then the total eclipse and total-annular eclipse occurred in Chongan of Fujian Province in 1941j, 1958, 1968, 1980, 1987, 1997 in succession. For these events, modern geomagnetic observations have been made with sufficient preparation. Plentiful solar eclipse data of geomagnetic field variation and research results have been obtained (ZHANG, et al, 1983, LIU, et al, 1986, YANG, DU, …     

2008年汶川MS8.0地震前定点观测电磁异常回溯性分析

对2008年汶川M_S8.0地震周围定点台站观测的电磁异常的相关研究进行了简要的回顾分析,以期加深对汶川地震孕震过程中电磁异常的解读.震中周围8个地电阻率台站震前出现不同形态的异常变化,结合震后地电阻率变化形态分析,仅近邻地震破裂带的成都和江油台异常变化符合已有的地电阻率孕震异常机理.在4月24日和5月9日大致沿南北地震带出现两条南北走向的低点位移线,成都台地磁转换函数、谐波振幅比、帕金森矢量和垂直极化强度等主要反映了地下介质电性在震前出现的异常变化;断裂带附近的地电场和电磁扰动在震前出现波形畸变和能量增强,距离较远的西昌台阵和天祝—松山台阵内地电场也出现功率谱能量增加和裂隙渗透方位角扰动等短期异常现象,甚至沿龙门山断裂带NE方向1300km外的河北电磁扰动台网震前数月也出现自观测以来最大幅度的异常变化.     

A new magnetic index based on the external part of vertical geomagnetic variations

Variations of geomagnetic components X, Y, and Z recorded in 19 Intermagnet European observatories in 2004 were analysed. The original data from all observatories were preliminarily processed. In the first step, periods longer than three hours were filtered out. In the second step, variations of vertical geomagnetic component Z were separated into external and internal parts. We introduced a non-dimensional index η defined as the square root of a ratio of the energy of the external part of the vertical component to that of the horizontal components. Maps of the surface distribution of a new magnetic index η for the area of Europe at selected time periods were created, and their time changes are presented. The time changes of η for selected observatories are also shown. Moreover, we discuss a very interesting phenomenon we discovered, that has never been described in geophysical literature. Namely, in the recordings of all the observatories we noticed the presence of very regular variations, observed almost exclusively in the vertical component Z, which is quite unusual. These regular variations occur in the form of sinusoidal “wave packets”. The amplitudes of these variations do not depend on the geomagnetic latitude and appear in the records of all the observatories we analyzed. They occur in quiet days, which suggests that their source is in the ionosphere.     

Studying geomagnetic pulsation characteristics with the local approximation method

A local approximation method based on piecewise sinusoidal models has been proposed in order to study the frequency and amplitude characteristics of geomagnetic pulsations registered at a network of magnetic observatories. It has been established that synchronous variations in the geomagnetic pulsation frequency in the specified frequency band can be studied with the use of calculations performed according to this method. The method was used to analyze the spectral–time structure of Pc3 geomagnetic pulsations registered at the network of equatorial observatories. Local approximation variants have been formed for single-channel and multichannel cases of estimating the geomagnetic pulsation frequency and amplitude, which made it possible to decrease estimation errors via filtering with moving weighted averaging.     

Characteristics of geomagnetic storm spectra in middle and low latitude regions and their relation with the tangshan earthquake

The characteristics of 80 geomagnetic storm spectra have been analyzed and compared for the records at seven observatories: Beijing, Qingguang, Changli, Guangzhou, Sheshan, Wuchang and Changchun during 1973–1977. The general natures of the spectra are thus obtained. The results are as follows. First, there are synchronous trends of change in the magnetic storm spectral amplitude at the seven observatories. Second, the sepctral slopes of all the magnetic storms are almost the same. The yearly average values of the spectral slopeb are quite steady within the period range from 0.5 to 6.8 hours. This means that the magnetic storms have the same energy partitioning factor. Third, there are significant changes in the yearly average values of spectral interceptsa for the three observatories of Beijing, Qingguang and Changli which are near the Tangshan earthquake area, but the values are quite steady for the four observatories of Guangzhou, Sheshan, Wuchang and Changchun which are far from the earthquake area. It seems that the noticeable changes are related to the great Tangshan earthquake of July 28, 1976.     

基于平滑伪魏格纳-维勒时频分析的地磁数据研究

基于中国大陆西部地区(108°E以西)地磁台站数据, 利用平滑伪魏格纳-维勒(SPWVD)分析方法, 对其进行时频计算。 通过对2007年至2015年间的M_S6.3以上强震(选取岷县地震、 芦山地震、 鲁甸地震3个典型震例)周围台站地磁Z分量滤波后周期为4.4 h的振幅变化进行分析, 得到如下结论: ① 在3个强震发生前, 周围台站的Z分量4.4 h振幅在1个月内都出现了多台同步高值异常; ② 岷县地震、 芦山地震发生前1个月内高值异常的频次明显增多, 频次高出全年平均水平2倍以上; ③ 3个强震发生前1个月内, 台站时频异常幅度明显增大, 幅值达到或接近台站全年的极值。 因此, SPWVD时频方法研究和总结的异常特征对未来西部地区强震预报具有一定的积极作用。     

日偏食对低纬地磁场的影响

１９９５年１０月２４日日偏食期间，我们在海南省琼中进行了地磁场总强度的观测和分析，同时运用该地磁台三分量磁照图，分析了地磁Ｄ场Ｄ、Ｈ、Ｚ三分量在日偏食期间的变化特征。结果表明：日偏食期间，磁偏角初亏后逐渐偏东，食甚后偏西；水平强度和总强度初亏后逐渐变小，食甚后上升；垂直强度初亏后逐渐变大，食甚后约１个小时变小。     

海洋磁测日变校正的纬度改正方法研究

目前,在远海开阔性海域磁测中,尚难以有效设立日变站,致使日变改正仍存在着困难.本文利用地磁台站实测资料对地磁日变的纬度分布特征进行研究,发现日变值随纬度变化具有由Sq电流中心向南北两侧递增的规律,且二者之间的关系可用二次函数近似描述。以此规律为基础我们建立了纬度改正方法,该方法以经度链为基站,利用基站数据得到日变值与磁纬度的拟合函数以进行纬度改正,再调整时差作为经度校正即得到计算站的日变值.实测数据计算结果表明,相较于加权平均法,此方法在远距离(经度差达40°)仍能保持较高的校正精度(<4 nT),因而能更好地适用于远海磁测.     

An intense SFE and SSC event in geomagnetic H, Y and Z fields at the Indian chain of observatories

Changes in the three components of geomagnetic field are reported at the chain of ten geomagnetic observatories in India during an intense solar crochet that occurred at 1311 h 75° EMT on 15 June 1991 and the subsequent sudden commencement (SSC) of geomagnetic storm at 1518h on 17 June 1991. The solar flare effects (SFE) registered on the magnetograms appear to be an augmentation of the ionospheric current system existing at the start time of the flare. An equatorial enhancement in AH due to SFE is observed to be similar in nature to the latitudinal variation of SQ (H) at low latitude. AF registered the largest effect at 3.6° dip latitude at the fringe region of the electrojet. AZ had positive amplitudes at the equatorial stations and negative at stations north of Hyderabad. The SSC amplitude in the H component is fairly constant with latitude, whereas the Z component again showed larger positive excursions at stations within the electrojet belt. These results are discussed in terms of possible currents of internal and external origin. The changes in the Y field strongly support the idea that meridional current at an equatorial electrojet station flows in the ionospheric dynamo, E.Presently at: School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia     

中国地磁台观测的2014年地磁急变

地磁急变（jerk）是起源于地球外核并在导电地幔过滤效应后在地球表面观测到的一种地磁现象,其反映了地核内部某些动力学过程.Jerks在空间范围上既可以是区域性的,也可以是全球性的.中国地区地磁台能否检测到2014年jerk？针对这一问题,利用中国大陆10个地磁台的磁静日月均值和CHAOS-6全球磁场模型,分析了X、Y和Z分量2008—2018年期间的长期变化,估算了2014年前、后的长期加速度值,确定了2014年地磁jerk的时间和强度.研究表明中国地磁台Y分量的长期变化为"Λ"型,Z分量存在明显的"V"型,具有典型的jerk特点.Y分量jerk出现的时间大约在2014年6月,比非洲大陆的Algeria TAM台和南美洲French Guiana KOU台时间滞后大约4个月.这暗示着产生jerks的地核流体波动的时序特点.中国西部和东北部地磁台的长期变化形态有明显的差别,主要由非偶极磁场引起.CHAOS-6模型与地面台站的长期变化形态并非始终一致.本文结果有助于更好地理解和解释长期变化的时间演变和地理分布,并为深入探讨jerks的地核起源和驱动机制提供新的观测约束.     

重庆武隆M5.0地震前地磁异常特征分析

选取恩施台、涪陵江东台、石柱黄水台以及武隆仙女山台2012年1月至2017年11月地磁数据进行异常分析,得到各个台站的地磁谐波振幅比和加卸载响应比计算结果,并结合2017年11月23日重庆武隆M5.0地震震中附近地质构造背景分析地震前后地磁异常现象。分析结果认为大部分地磁谐波振幅比变化特征类似于地电阻率的变化特征,表现为"下降-转折-上升"过程。本次地震大致发生在转折上升的初期阶段,其中震中距较小的台站地磁谐波振幅比变化趋势不同步,但变化幅度大致相同,而震中距较大的台站地磁谐波振幅比变化趋势较为同步,变化幅度较大。此外,研究还表明震前地磁加卸载响应比异常高值在时空分布上与震中位置具有很好的对应关系。     

Investigations of the seismomagnetic effect in the geomagnetic diurnal variations

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A slow mode wave as a possible source of Pi 2 and associated particle precipitation: a case study

An intensification of auroral luminosity referred to as an auroral break-up often accompanies the onset of geomagnetic pulsation (Pi 2) at the dip-equator. One such auroral break-up occurred at 2239 UT on 16 June, 1986, being accompanied by weak substorm activity (AE≈50 nT) which was recorded in all-sky image of Syowa Station, Antarctica (66.2°S, 71.8°E in geomagnetic coordinates). The associated Pi 2 magnetic pulsation was detected by a fluxgate magnetometer in the afternoon sector at the dip-equator (Huancayo, Peru; 1.44°N, 355.9° in geomagnetic coordinates; 12.1°S, 75.2°W in geographic coordinates; L = 1.00). In spite of the large separation of the two stations in longitude and latitude, the auroral break-up and subsequent luminosity modulation were seen to be correlated with the wave form of the ground Pi 2 pulsation. This occurred in such a way that the luminosity maximum was seen to occur at the phase of maximum amplitudes of Pi 2 wave form. We argue that the observed correlation could be interpreted as indicating a Pi 2-modulation of a field-aligned acceleration of the low energy electrons that may occur near the equator of the midnight magnetosphere.     

四川及邻区地磁日变化异常特征研究

以四川省及其邻区31个地磁台2015年以来的垂直分量资料为研究对象,利用地磁加卸载响应比方法分析震前地磁日变化异常特征,结果显示:6组有效的地磁加卸载响应比高值异常中有5组异常对应了M5.0以上地震,异常多出现在震前6个月内;震中位于异常区边界线附近。分析认为地磁加卸载响应比高值异常是孕震区内局部地下电导率变化导致感应磁场发生改变的一种反映。     

"Double low-points" anomaly in daily variation of vertical component of geomagnetic field before the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

The "double low-points" anomaly in daily variation of vertical geomagnetic component was observed on May 9, 2008 at 13 geomagnetic observatories belonging to the geomagnetic observatory network center of China Earthquake Administration. These observatories distribute roughly on three belts with the intersection in western Sichuan. On May 12, three days after the anomaly appearance, the great M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred. The "double low-points" anomaly in daily variation of vertical geomagnetic component is an anomalous phenomenon of regional geomagnetism, which does exist objectively. The possible cause is the change of extrinsic eddy current system resulting in geomagnetic daily quiet variation (S_q), or the delay of several hours between the intrinsic and the extrinsic eddy current systems. The relationship between the "double low-points" anomaly of daily geomagnetic variation and the earthquake reveals that the former possibly reflects the accelerative alteration of earthquake gestation in the deep Earth.