摩擦摆隔震双层球面网壳结构的多维地震响应

将摩擦摆(FPS)引入到网壳结构的隔震控制中。文中首先阐明了FPS的工作机理和本构关系,建立了FPS隔震网壳结构的振动方程。通过双层球面网壳结构的数值算例考察了隔震和无控结构在单向和三向地震作用下的振动响应以及FPS的控制效果。研究结果表明,FPS具有良好的隔震和耗能效果,可有效地应用于球面网壳结构的振动控制。     

基于SMA隔震支座的双层球面网壳结构地震响应分析

采用橡胶支座的隔震方式是目前较成熟的隔震技术,但橡胶支座存在着水平变形大、阻尼较小、耗能不足等问题。SMA-橡胶复合隔振支座充分利用了形状记忆合金(SMA)丝的超弹性特点,在支座工作时起到恢复力主要补充作用,使得支座在抗侧移能力和耗能方面都得到了加强。通过建立双层球面网壳模型,对其在普通橡胶支座和SMA复合橡胶支座两种不同工况下的隔震效果进行对比分析,说明在采用后者的双层球面网壳结构其杆件的内力值和节点位移值都明显降低,受拉的上弦杆和受压的下弦杆无论是受力峰值及其杆件数量都有所减少,提高了网壳结构的变形协调能力,限制了网壳结构薄弱杆件的破坏,SMA复合橡胶支座起到了较好的减震耗能作用,对双层球面网壳的隔振作用优于橡胶支座。     

摩擦摆支座在单层球面网壳结构中的隔震分析

将摩擦摆支座（FPS）应用于单层球面网壳结构的隔震，给出了隔震网壳结构的运动方程。通过对比分析不同强度地震动输入条件下的结构动力响应特征，考察了FPS支座应用于网壳结构隔震的有效性和适用性。研究结果表明，在不同强度的地震动作用下，隔震结构的节点加速度峰值和杆件轴力峰值都得到了有效控制，且地震动强度越大，控制效果越好。     

凯威特单层球面网壳结构隔震分析

将凯威特网壳结构的固定支座设置成隔震支座,分别采用弹簧支座和粘弹阻尼支座对结构进行了隔震控制。在有控和无控状态下,计算了凯威特网壳结构的自振频率,初步分析了凯威特网壳结构的隔震控制机理。分别在常遇和罕遇各三种地震作用下,对网壳结构进行了时程分析,对网壳结构的最大水平位移、隔震支座的最大水平位移、最大支座反力和网壳结构的杆件轴力进行了数值计算。研究结果表明：两种隔震装置均有效地控制了凯威特网壳结构的支座反力和杆件轴力,粘弹阻尼支座还明显地减少了隔震支座的水平位移和隔震结构的水平位移。隔震方法对于大跨网壳结构的减振是有效的。     

SMA三维隔震复合支座单层柱面网壳结构的地震响应

大跨空间结构具有空间跨度大,结构整体刚度大、受力合理、耗材少、重量轻等优点,在世界各地应用前景非常广阔。但在强震作用下,此种结构破坏严重,经济损失惨重。震害经验与理论研究表明地震动是一种复杂的多维运动,只考虑单分量水平地震作用是不够的,还应考虑竖向地震分量对整体结构的影响。在作者研制的SMA-叠层橡胶支座的基础上,针对竖向刚度大、竖向隔震效果不明显的问题,研制一种在上部串联加入碟形弹簧的新型三维隔震支座,并建立一典型的单层柱面网壳结构模型,在输入不同峰值地震动情况下,通过时程反应分析可见,SMA三维隔震支座下结构位移、加速度峰值与普通橡胶支座对比明显降低,时程曲线趋于平缓,典型的杆件轴力也有明显降低,说明了SMA三维隔震复合支座隔震效果更好。     

II型SMA-橡胶隔震支座及其理论模型

将形状记忆合金(SMA)索与普通叠层橡胶垫复合可以形成具有滞回阻尼性能的SMA-橡胶隔震支座。在原SMA-橡胶支座(I型)的基础上,在支座中增加弹簧改善SMA耗能拉索的功能,设计了II型SMA-橡胶支座,建立了支座的理论模型。通过数值计算详细考察了此种支座的工作特性,并与Ⅰ型SMA-橡胶支座的性能进行了对比。     

Ⅱ型SMA-橡胶隔震支座及其理论模型

将形状记忆合金（SMA）索与普通叠层橡胶垫复合可以形成具有滞回阻尼性能的SMA-橡胶隔震支座。在原SMA-橡胶支座（Ⅰ型）的基础上,在支座中增加弹簧改善SMA耗能拉索的功能,设计了Ⅱ型SMA-橡胶支座,建立了支座的理论模型。通过数值计算详细考察了此种支座的工作特性,并与Ⅰ型SMA-橡胶支座的性能进行了对比。     

SMA-橡胶复合支座的设计与隔震性能

利用形状记忆合金超弹性变形下的滞回耗能性能，设计了一种SMA-橡胶复合隔震支座，建立了隔震支座的力学模型，对其隔震性能进行了研究。结果表明，本文提出的SMA-橡胶复合支座良好地改善了橡胶支座的隔震性能。     

三维隔震单层球面网壳结构频率相关变阻尼半主动控制

在不同频率特征的地震动作用下,三维隔震单层球面网壳结构隔震层最优阻尼设计不同.文中基于单自由度体系加速度传递率函数,提出一种地震动主频相关的加速度阈值变阻尼半主动控制方法以及地震动主频分区识别方法.基于ABAQUS软件的DLOAD子程序,开展了三维隔震单层球面网壳被动控制与半主动控制有限元计算,对节点加速度、杆件轴力进...     

单层球面网壳结构的柱顶隔震研究

以带下部混凝土支承结构的单层联方型球面网壳为研究对象,针对工程实际中支承刚度过强的情形,提出了柱顶隔震的方法,从而改善了整体结构的抗震性能。非线性时程分析表明,多遇地震作用下LRB能在一定程度上降低支座反力,且使支座反力分布趋于均匀,降低了支座设计的要求;罕遇地震作用下LRB支座基本进入塑性状态,支座反力维持在屈服力附近,与原结构相比有大幅度的降低,支座滞回曲线饱满,同时上部网壳的塑性发展程度大大减轻,基本保持为弹性,取得了良好的减震效果。     

Seismic isolation analysis of FPS bearings in spatial lattice shell structures

<正>A theoretical model of a friction pendulum system(FPS) is introduced to examine its application for the seismic isolation of spatial lattice shell structures.An equation of motion of the lattice shell with FPS bearings is developed.Then, seismic isolation studies are performed for both double-layer and single-layer lattice shell structures under different seismic input and design parameters of the FPS.The influence of frictional coefficients and radius of the FPS on seismic performance are discussed.Based on the study,some suggestions for seismic isolation design of lattice shells with FPS bearings are given and conclusions are made which could be helpful in the application of FPS.     

新型索承网壳结构非线性地震反应特性和参数分析

本文根据新型大跨空间杂交结构———索承网壳结构的受力特点,选用梁元、杆元和索元的混合有限元模型,给出了一种有效的适用于该类结构的非线性动力响应的增量、迭代有限元计算方法。以K8型索承网壳结构为研究对象,进行了时域内的三向地震作用下的非线性反应分析。计算结果表明,该结构具有良好的抗震性能。文中针对地震响应的主要影响参数,对其地震响应规律作了系统的研究,得出矢跨比和撑杆长度是抗震设计的主要控制参数等有应用价值的结论。     

Fuzzy logic control of bridge structures using intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems

Passive supplemental damping in a seismically isolated structure provides the necessary energy dissipation to limit the isolation system displacement. However, damper forces can become quite large as the passive damping level is increased, resulting in the requirement to transfer large forces at the damper connections to the structure which may be particularly difficult to accommodate in retrofit applications. One method to limit the level of damping force while simultaneously controlling the isolation system displacement is to utilize an intelligent hybrid isolation system containing semi-active dampers in which the damping coeffic ient can be modulated. The effectiveness of such a hybrid seismic isolation system for earthquake hazard mitigation is investigated in this paper. The system is examined through an analytical and computational study of the seismic response of a bridge structure containing a hybrid isolation system consisting of elastomeric bearings and semi-active dampers. Control algorithms for operation of the semi-active dampers are developed based on fuzzy logic control theory. Practical limits on the response of the isolation system are considered and utilized in the evaluation of the control algorithms. The results of the study show that both passive and semi-active hybrid seismic isolation systems consisting of combined base isolation bearings and supplemental energy dissipation devices can be beneficial in reducing the seismic response of structures. These hybrid systems may prevent or significantly reduce structural damage during a seismic event. Furthermore, it is shown that intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems are capable of controlling the peak deck displacement of bridges, and thus reducing the required length of expansion joints, while simultaneously limiting peak damper forces. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study on the seismic performance of a double spherical seismic isolation bearing

In this paper, the configuration and working mechanism of the recently developed double spherical seismic isolation （DSSI） bearing are introduced in detail. Then, vertical displacement of the DSSI bearing due to sliding on a spherical surface is analyzed. The results from seismic performance testing of the bearing are given, and a numerical analysis of a four span continuous girder bridge is performed. The numerical analysis compares the influence of three different bearing arrangement schemes on the structural seismic response, and the results show that the DSSI bearing is effective in increasing the vertical load bearing capacity, reducing the vertical displacement, and controlling the energy dissipation capacity within a certain range.     

悬摆隔震结构动力分析方法初探

本文对悬摆隔震结构力学模型作等效处理,探索利用常规计算程序对其进行动力分析的有效方法,同时验证了悬摆隔震指施对于减弱结构地震反应的效果是明显的。     

复合隔震支座在网格屋盖结构中的应用研究

将铅芯橡胶隔震垫与碟簧组合形成复合隔震垫,并应用于网格屋盖结构,利用串联弹簧模型预估铅芯橡胶隔震垫参数,利用单质点弹簧模型预估碟簧参数,结合实际工程,进行了模态分析、水平地震动时程分析及竖向地震动时程分析,表明复合隔震技术降低屋盖、下部结构加速度反应60%左右,降低由于地震引起的基顶反力约30%,但水平地震下隔震屋盖的侧移增大显著,应引起注意;文中提出的隔震垫参数预估模型得到了地震动时程分析的验证,可为工程参考。     

双层球面网壳动力失效分析及地震损失评估

双层球面网壳结构是一种缺陷敏感型结构,影响结构动力失效的初始缺陷主要有杆件的初弯曲、杆件的残余应力和结构节点的初始安装偏差3种。本文首先利用有限元软件ANSYS的二次开发功能开发了可以考虑初始弯曲和残余应力的杆单元,接着利用动力增量法(IDA)系统地研究了这3种缺陷对结构动力失效的影响,最后总结提出了考虑缺陷的双层球面网壳结构的抗震损失评估方法。     

Recent progress and application on seismic isolation energy dissipation and control for structures in China

China is a country where 100% of the territory is located in a seismic zone. Most of the strong earthquakes are over prediction. Most fatalities are caused by structural collapse. Earthquakes not only cause severe damage to structures, but can also damage non-structural elements on and inside of facilities. This can halt city life, and disrupt hospitals, airports, bridges, power plants, and other infrastructure. Designers need to use new techniques to protect structures and facilities inside. Isolation, energy dissipation and, control systems are more and more widely used in recent years in China. Currently, there are nearly 6,500 structures with isolation and about 3,000 structures with passive energy dissipation or hybrid control in China. The mitigation techniques are applied to structures like residential buildings, large or complex structures, bridges, underwater tunnels, historical or cultural relic sites, and industrial facilities, and are used for retrofitting of existed structures. This paper introduces design rules and some new and innovative devices for seismic isolation, energy dissipation and hybrid control for civil and industrial structures. This paper also discusses the development trends for seismic resistance, seismic isolation, passive and active control techniques for the future in China and in the world.