四川大水沟楚碲铋矿的两类显微文像结构

根据大水沟楚碲铋矿的产状、“客晶”磁黄铁矿的形态、展布和化学成分,其显微文像结构可分成传统意义上的“交代型”、“出溶型”两类,但它们形成的根 本原因是由于富碲、铋流体在相对封闭环境中交代了早期硫化物（磁黄铁矿为主）。交代强 度及其环境的稳定程度决定了显微文像结构的特征：强度弱、稳定性差,可形成具明显“交代”特征的楚碲铋矿;强度大、环境稳定则早期硫化物在交代流体中充分“溶解”,形成的文像结构往往具有 “出溶”特征。     

四川大水沟独立碲矿床中的楚碲铋矿

四川大水沟碲矿床是世界唯一的独立碲矿床，楚碲铋矿是该矿床中重要的碲矿物之一。它存在于辉碲铋矿和磁黄铁矿晶粒之间，或包裹在辉碲铋矿中。呈银灰色，金属光泽，一组底面解理发育。显微压入硬度为80．5kg／mm2（15g负荷）。反光显微镜下为白色，非均质性清楚，反射率为58．0～59．9（λ=546nm）。X射线粉晶衍射分析的主要谱线有：4．797（60），3．229（100），2．368（80），2．169（50）。矿物的化学组成据11个电子探针分析的平均值为（重量％）；Fe0．13，S0．04，Cu0．03，Te37．84，Bi61．37，Se0．01，Sb0．16；总量99．58，其化学成分式为；BiTe。楚碲铋矿形成于贫硫环境中。     

官田黄铁矿矿床中楚碲铋矿、赫磅铋矿的成因及找矿意义

楚碲铋矿、赫磅铋矿是两种光见矿物，其化学成分特征是亏Bi而富S，An,Cu等杂质，它们呈细小的（0．05－0．15mm)的嵌晶被包裹在黄铁矿晶体中，在黄铁矿（单矿物）中含量最高可达2300ug/g，使其具有重要的综合利用价值。它们的生成是由于两种不同性质的初始热液在运移途中相偶，引起磅元素迅速淀积的结果，其化学成分特征反映出S，Au,Cu等都是该区可利用的重要有益组分，因此具找矿意义。     

四川大水独立碲矿床中的楚碲铋矿

四川大水沟碲矿床是世界唯一的独立碲矿床，楚碲铋矿是该矿床中重要的碲矿物之一。它存在于辉碲铋矿和磁黄铁矿晶粒之间，或包裹在辉碲铋矿中，呈银灰色，金属光泽，一组底面解理发育。显微压入硬度８０．５ｋｇ／ｍｍ＾２。反光显微镜下为白色，非均质性清楚，反射率为５８．０－５９．０，Ｘ射线衍晶衍射分析的主要谱线有：４．７９７，３．２２９，２．３６８，２．１６９。矿物的化学组成据１１个电子探针分析的平均值为：Ｆｅ０     

叶碲铋矿研究中存在问题分析

叶碲铋矿最初定名为wehrlite，结构式为Bi2 xTe3-x，后于1982年改名为pilsenite，结构式相应改为Bi4Te3。楚碲铋矿(BiTe)的成分介于原叶碲铋矿的成分范围之内。有些研究者仍用原成分确定叶碲铋矿或把楚碲铋矿当作叶碲铋矿，本文旨在提醒研究者注意，避免误用。     

辉碲铋矿矿物学数据补充资料

辉碲铋矿矿物学数据补充资料银剑钊（地质矿产部矿床地质研究所，北京１０００３７）关键词辉碲铋矿，热电系数，四川四川石棉县大水沟碲矿床为世界首例独立碲矿床，作者已对其产出的辉碲铋矿化学成分和Ｘ射线衍射数据作过报道［１］。本文仅就辉碲铋矿的反射率、显微压入...     

大水沟碲矿床流体包裹体的He、Ar同位素组成及其示踪成矿流体的来源

大水沟碲矿床作为一种新矿床类型 ,自发现以来 ,已进行了大量的研究 ,但对其成矿过程和成矿物质来源仍有不同的认识。本次工作选取磁黄铁矿黄铁矿阶段中的 3件磁黄铁矿和辉碲铋矿阶段的 3件辉碲铋矿和 6件白云母进行成矿流体He、Ar同位素测试 ,获得3He/ 4 He比值为 0 .2～ 2 .8R/Ra ,其中磁黄铁矿的比值在 1.6～ 2 .8R/Ra之间 ,平均 2 .1R/Ra ;辉碲铋矿1.2～ 1.5R/Ra ,平均 1.3R/Ra ;白云母为 0 .2～ 2 .2R/Ra ,平均 1.1R/Ra。成矿流体的40 Ar/ 4 He比值变化较大 ,磁黄铁矿黄铁矿阶段的磁黄铁矿为 2 37～ 379,辉碲铋矿阶段的辉碲铋矿为 7～ 66。这些数据表明大水沟碲矿床在成矿过程中有大量地幔物质参与。     

Dashuigou Tellurium Deposit in Sichuan Province, China: S, C, O, and H Isotope Data and Their Implications on Hydrothermal Mineralization

Abstract: Dashuigou, a unique tellurium‐dominated deposit over the world, is located in the western margin of the Yangtze cra‐ton in southwestern China. It is characterized by high‐grade tellurium accompanied by bismuth, gold, silver, and sulfur, and occurs in the area of less than one km². The mineralization is divided into three stages, i.e. (1) tellurium‐bearing pyrrhotite–pyrite stage, (2) tetradymite stage, and (3) auriferous quartz veins stage. Tellurium mineralization coexisting with bismuth, silver, selenium, and gold predominantly develops in the stage 2, while the stage 1 is enriched only in sulfur and iron, and the stage 3 is very weakly mineralized with gold. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides in the ore of the deposit vary in a narrow range of –3.1 ‐ +2.8 per mil with –3.1 ‐ +2.8 per mil for the stage 1 and –0.5 ‐ +2.1 for the stage 2, showing the isotopic characteristics of mantle derived sulfur. The δ¹³C values of vein dolomites vary from –5.3 to –7.2 per mil, with –5.3 ‐ –6.6 per mil for the stage 1 and –5.3 ‐ –7.2 per mil for the stage 2, which are significantly different from those of surrounding Triassic marble with δ¹³C values of –0.3 ‐ +2.8 per mil, and show characteristics of mantle derived carbon. The δ¹⁸O values of vein dolomites range from +10.2 to +13.1 per mil, which are higher than those of carbonatite, but lower than those of the marble. Their corresponding δ¹⁸O_water values are +0.6 ‐ +3.9 per mil, with +2.7 ‐ +3.8 per mil for the stage 1 and +0.6 ‐ +3.9 per mil for the stage 2. The data implies that these vein carbonates were formed by the mixing fluids of magmatic or mantle source with meteoric or formation water. The δ¹⁸O values of ore‐forming fluids responsible for the formation of vein quartz are estimated to be +3.2 to +6.8, the δD values of inclusion fluids of the quartz are measured to be –54 to –82 per mil. All those stable isotopic data suggest the involvement of the fluids from mantle and/or mantle‐derived magmas through fault system in the forming process of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit.     

四川大水沟碲矿床^40Ar／^39Ar年龄研究

利用＾４０Ａｒ／＾３９Ａｒ中子活化定年法测试大水沟碲矿床１２号矿脉中的白云母，得到阶段升温坪年龄９１．０－９４．１０Ｍａ，等时线年龄９３．７０Ｍａ。     

四川省石棉县大水沟碲矿床地质,矿物学和地球化学

位于杨子地台西缘的大水沟碲矿床是世界迄今唯一一例独立碲矿床。成矿围岩为一层３０一５０ｍ厚的三叠纪变基性火山岩及厚层状大理岩。矿体呈脉状平行排列，走向ＮＮＥ。成矿作用可以分为磁黄铁矿黄铁矿阶段、辉碲铋矿阶段和黄铜矿黄铁矿（自然金）阶段，其中第二阶段是主要碲矿化阶段。该阶段矿石的碲品位一般为０．２％一５％，富矿石达１５％一２５％。在矿脉两侧围岩蚀变十分发育，于磁黄铁矿黄铁矿阶段矿脉和辉碲铋矿阶段矿脉两侧分别形成以黑云母为主和以白云母为主的两套蚀变组合及分带。岩石地球化学研究表明，从矿脉边侧向外，Ｋ、Ｎａ和Ｃａ组分降低，Ｆｅ和Ｍｇ组分增高。矿脉中白云母的Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄测定为１４９．８６±２．７２Ｍａ。黄铁矿的Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ比值为５６一６５２。成因矿物学和地球化学特征反映出大水沟碲矿床的成矿物质来自深源，其成矿作用可能与区域上燕山期碱性岩浆或碱质花岗岩活动有关。成矿时磁黄铁矿黄铁矿阶段的硫逸度（ｆｓ＿２）为１０￣（－１６．７），碲逸度（ｆＴｅ＿２）为１０￣（－１５）一１０￣（－１４）；辉碲铋矿阶段的ｆｓ＿２１０￣（－１４）一１０￣（－１１．５）和ｆＴｅ＿２１０￣（－１１．２）一１０￣（－１０．５）。     

四川石棉大水沟碲矿床铅同位素地球化学特征

文章在对大水沟碲矿床矿石铅、岩浆岩铅的同位素组成分析基础上探讨两者之间的密切联系.研究表明,该区成矿物质来源主要来自下地壳和地幔且矿区矿石与围岩关系紧密;矿床的铅不是单一来源的正常铅,而是混合型多来源的异常铅.     

四川石棉大水沟碲矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

通过对大水沟碲矿床矿体与围岩稀土元素地球化学组成及特征研究表明,矿体与围岩的稀土元素特征截然不同,表明它们形成于同一地质时期和地质环境。大水沟碲矿床受岩浆作用改造,成矿物质应源于岩浆岩,且围岩与矿体存在氧化还原地球化学界面;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分配模式图显示,大水沟赋矿围岩、贫碲矿石稀土元素具有大陆拉斑玄武岩的稀土元素特征,表明该碲矿床成因与峨眉山玄武岩有关。     

Geology and Geochemistry of the Dashuigou Tellurium Deposit,Western Sichuan,China

The Dashuigou tellurium deposit, located on the western margin of the Yangtze platform, is unique. The deposit is hosted by Triassic metabasalt 50 to 80 meters thick. The orebodies occur as a group of NNE-striking parallel veins. Mineralization developed in three stages: Stage I— pyrrhotite-pyrite, Stage II—tetradymite, and Stage III—chalcopyrite-pyrite. Stage II is the principal tellurium mineralization stage and the tellurium-bearing minerals are mainly tetradymite, tsumoite, tellurbismuth, joseite, calaverite, stuetzite, and native tellurium. The general ore grade of the tellurium in Stage II ranges from 0.2 to 5 wt%, and it reaches 15 to 25 wt% for the massive ores. The dominant gangue minerals are calcite and dolomite, with minor biotite, muscovite, albite, quartz, and chlorite.

Fluid-inclusion studies of calcite, dolomite, and quartz from Stages I, II, and III yield homogenization temperatures of 356° to 260° C (mean = 320° C), 295° to 198° C (mean = 240°), and 235° to 152° C (mean = 170° C), respectively. Salinities of primary fluid inclusions in all three stages are 1.5 to 5.8 wt% NaCl equivalent, 9 to 15.2 wt% NaCl equivalent, and 2.8 to 3.0 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively.

Isotopic studies show that δ34 values of sulfides range from -2.2 to +2.8 per mil. δ¹³C values of calcites and dolomites in the ore veins range from -5.3 to -7.42 per mil, and δ¹⁸O values range from +10.9 to +13.1 per mil, which are quite different from the δ¹³C values of+1.0 to +2.8 per mil and δ¹⁸O values of +16.8 to +28.5 per mil for the calcites from the Triassic carbonates in the deposit. The δD and δ¹⁸O values of muscovite and quartz were measured to be -61 to -54 per mil and +9.9 to +13.0 per mil, respectively. Values of δ¹⁸O_water computed from fluid-inclusion trapping temperatures are +3.9 and +7 per mil.

A date of 93 Ma was obtained through measurement of muscovite from the No. 12 ore vein. Sulfur-, oxygen-, carbon-, and hydrogenisotope data indicate that the ore-forming substances of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit were derived from deep-seated sources, and the mineralizations probably are associated with Late Mesozoic alkaline or alkaline granitic magmatism. The estimated sulfur fugacities (fs₂) are 10^?16.7 for Stage I and 10^?14 to 10^15.5 for Stage II, whereas the tellurium fugacities (f_Te2) are 10^?15 to 10^?14 and 10^?11.2 to 10^?10.5, respectively.     

四川石棉大水沟碲矿床区域地球化学特征

大水沟碲矿床具有良好的多金属矿集区的区域成矿地球化学背景。研究表明大水沟碲矿床碲成矿物质可能源于深部,且与小金河一箐河等深大断裂有密切联系。