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1.
Groundwater levels in hard-rock areas in India have shown very large declines in the recent past. The situation is becoming more critical due to a paucity of rainfall, limited surface water resources and an increasing pattern of groundwater extraction in these areas. Consequently, the Ground Water Department with the aid of World Bank has implemented the water structuring programme to mitigate groundwater scarcity and to develop a viable solution for sustainable development in the region. The present study has been undertaken to assess the impact of artificial groundwater recharge structures in the hard-rock area of Rajasthan, India. In this study groundwater level data (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) of 85 dug-wells are used, spread over an area of 413.59 km2. The weathered and fractured gneissic basement rocks act as major aquifer in the area. Spatial maps for pre- and post-monsoon groundwater levels were prepared using the kriging interpolation technique with best fitted semi-variogram models (Spherical, Exponential and Gaussian). The groundwater recharge is calculated spatially using the water level fluctuation method. The entire study period (2004–2011) is divided into pre- (2004–2008) and post-intervention (2009–2011) periods. Based on the identical nature of total monsoon rainfall, two combinations of average (2007 and 2009) and more than average (2006 and 2010) rainfall years are selected from the pre- and post-intervention periods for further comparisons. All of the water harvesting structures are grouped into the following categories: as anicuts (masonry overflow structure); percolation tanks; subsurface barriers; and renovation of earthen ponds/nadis. A buffer of 100 m around the intervention site is taken for assessing the influence of these structures on groundwater recharge. The relationship between the monsoon rainfall and groundwater recharge is fitted by power and exponential functions for the periods of 2004–2008 and 2008–2011 with R 2 values of 0.95 and 0.98, respectively. The average groundwater recharge is found to be 18% of total monsoon rainfall prior to intervention and it became 28% during the post-intervention period. About 70.9% (293.43 km2) of the area during average rainfall and more than 95% (396.26 km2) of the area during above-average rainfalls show an increase in groundwater recharge after construction of water harvesting structures. The groundwater recharge pattern indicates a positive impact within the vicinity of intervention sites during both average and above-average rainfall. The anicuts are found to be the most effective recharge structures during periods of above-average rainfall, while subsurface barriers are responded well during average rainfall periods. In the hard-rock terrain, water harvesting structures produce significant increases in groundwater recharge. The geo-spatial techniques that are used are effective for evaluating the response of different artificial groundwater recharge techniques. 相似文献
2.
Identifying potential sites for artificial groundwater recharge in sub-watershed of River Kanhan,India 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
Groundwater is an important decentralized source of drinking water. Being underground, it is relatively less susceptible to
contamination. In addition to domestic needs, it is extensively used for irrigation and industrial purposes. It is therefore
necessary to implement groundwater recharge systems by capturing the rainwater runoff. In the present study, GIS-based hydrological
assessment of watershed has been used to identify the potential sites for locating the groundwater recharge structures. Based
on land use, soil and topography, rainfall runoff modelling was carried out in GIS for a sub-watershed of River Kanhan, in
Nagpur District, Maharashtra State, India. Five potential sites with maximum flow accumulation were delineated using the rational
method for peak runoff estimation. As the groundwater recharge potential also depends on the geological and geomorphological
characteristics of land, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with expert’s judgement was used for ranking the sites. The criteria
considered in AHP were geological features, i.e. lineament density, depth to bedrock and soil cover; geomorphological features,
i.e. drainage density, slope, landforms and land use/land cover; and water table level fluctuation. The site P5 with maximum
flow accumulation and sandstone rock formation was ranked first. The site P1, where catchment has well-developed drainage
and geological formation shows rock with secondary porosity, was ranked second. 相似文献
3.
Chandrashekhar Bhuiyan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(4):733-748
Seasonal rise of groundwater level manifests aquifer recharge through infiltration. Spatial variation of aquifer recharge
within the same basin or terrain is a function of terrain heterogeneity governed by different hydrogeological factors. However,
assessment of relations between water-level fluctuations (WLF) with various hydrogeological factors is not straightforward.
In the present study, various hydrogeological factors that could influence aquifer recharge in the deformed crystalline Aravalli
terrain of India have been analysed. Frequency plots have been used to assess the variations in WLF under different geological
parameter classes. Seasonal WLF associated with these factors have been compared using various statistical parameters. Parametric
and non-parametric statistical tests have been used to determine the statistical significance of fluctuation difference. The
study infers that saturated thickness, lineament, lineament-intersection, and drainage beside surface elevation and well depth
are the main geological factors influencing aquifer recharge in the Aravalli terrain. Median values under these factors are
integrated and compared with the interpolated values of mean WLF at hypothetical well locations. They are found to closely
resemble each other. This infers capability and applicability of the technique in identifying key factors governing WLF, and
in predicting WLF at unexplored locations. 相似文献
4.
M. M. Sherif A. M. Ebraheem M. M. Al Mulla A. V. Shetty 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(11):412
In this study, the first groundwater recharge map for United Arab Emirates (UAE) was developed using the recharge potential and water table fluctuation methods. Recharge potential estimates were made using information about infiltration rate, soil type, ground slope, geological and hydrogeological factors, and the availability of rainfall harvesting infrastructure and were validated by measurements of water table rise in alluvial aquifers in wadis. Based on this information, the total recharge in the UAE is estimated to be about 133 million cubic meters per year (MCM/year). Annual recharge rates are calculated to vary between 1 and 28% of precipitation in the different regions of UAE depending on several natural and manmade parameters including, among others, recharge enhancing infrastructure. Estimates from the two methods are 98% in agreement; which suggests that the recharge potential method is suitable for estimating aquifer’s recharge in UAE and arid regions. The water table fluctuation method was found to be more suitable for assessing recharge through gravel plains and wadis in mountainous areas. 相似文献
5.
A. Fouépé Takounjou J. R. Ndam Ngoupayou J. Riotte G. E. Takem G. Mafany J. C. Maréchal G. E. Ekodeck 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(1):107-118
A study of environmental chloride and groundwater balance has been carried out in order to estimate their relative value for
measuring average groundwater recharge under a humid climatic environment with a relatively shallow water table. The hybrid
water fluctuation method allowed the split of the hydrologic year into two seasons of recharge (wet season) and no recharge
(dry season) to appraise specific yield during the dry season and, second, to estimate recharge from the water table rise
during the wet season. This well elaborated and suitable method has then been used as a standard to assess the effectiveness
of the chloride method under forest humid climatic environment. Effective specific yield of 0.08 was obtained for the study
area. It reflects an effective basin-wide process and is insensitive to local heterogeneities in the aquifer system. The hybrid
water fluctuation method gives an average recharge value of 87.14 mm/year at the basin scale, which represents 5.7% of the
annual rainfall. Recharge value estimated based on the chloride method varies between 16.24 and 236.95 mm/year with an average
value of 108.45 mm/year. It represents 7% of the mean annual precipitation. The discrepancy observed between recharge value
estimated by the hybrid water fluctuation and the chloride mass balance methods appears to be very important, which could
imply the ineffectiveness of the chloride mass balance method for this present humid environment. 相似文献
6.
Improvement in modern water resource management has become increasingly reliant on better characterizing of the spatial variability of groundwater recharge mechanisms. Due to the flexibility and reliability of GIS-based index models, they have become an alternative for mapping and interpreting recharge systems. For this reason, an index model by integrating water balance parameters (surface runoff, actual evapotranspiration, and percolation) calculated by Thornthwaite and Mather’s method, with maps of soil texture, land cover, and terrain slope, was developed for a sustainable use of the groundwater resources. The Serra de Santa Helena Environmental Protection Area, next to the urbanized area of Sete Lagoas (MG), Brazil, was selected as the study area. Rapid economic growth has led to the subsequent expansion of the nearby urban area. Large variability in soil type, land use, and slope in this region resulted in spatially complex relationships between recharge areas. Due to these conditions, the study area was divided into four zones, according to the amount of recharge: high (>?100 mm/year), moderate (50–100 mm/year), low (25–50 mm/year), and incipient (>?25 mm/year). The technique proved to be a viable method to estimate the spatial variability of recharge, especially in areas with little to no in situ data. The success of the tool indicates it can be used for a variety of groundwater resource management applications. 相似文献
7.
Fabrizio Rama Konrad Miotlinski Davide Franco Henry X. Corseuil 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(6):1887-1902
A time-series approach to the estimation of recharge rate in unconfined aquifers of highly variable water level is proposed. The approach, which is based on the water-table fluctuation method (WTF), utilizes discrete water-level measurements. Other similar techniques require continuous measurements, which makes them impossible to apply in cases where no data from automatic loggers are available. The procedure is deployed at the Ressacada Farm site, southern Brazil, on a coastal shallow aquifer located in a humid subtropical climate where diurnal water-level variations of up to 1 m can follow a precipitation event. The effect of tidal fluctuations on the groundwater levels is analyzed using a harmonic component builder, while a time-variable drainage term is evaluated through an independent analysis and included in the assessment. The estimated recharge values are compared with those obtained from the continuous measurements showing a good agreement with the approaches for discrete dataset intervals of up to 15 days. Subsequently, the estimated recharge rates are incorporated into a transient groundwater-flow model and the water levels are compared showing a good match. Henceforth, the approach extends the applicability of WTF to noncontinuous water-level datasets in groundwater recharge studies. 相似文献
8.
9.
Forecasting of groundwater level in hard rock region using artificial neural network 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In hardrock terrain where seasonal streams are not perennial source of freshwater, increase in ground water exploitation has
already resulted here in declining ground water levels and deteriorating its’ quality. The aquifer system has shown signs
of depletion and quality contamination. Thus, to secure water for the future, water resource estimation and management has
urgently become the need of the hour. In order to manage groundwater resources, it is vital to have a tool to predict the
aquifer response for a given stress (abstraction and recharge). Artificial neural network (ANN) has surfaced as a proven and
potential methodology to forecast the groundwater levels. In this paper, Feed-Forward Network based ANN model is used as a
method to predict the groundwater levels. The models are trained with the inputs collected from field and then used as prediction
tool for various scenarios of stress on aquifer. Such predictions help in developing better strategies for sustainable development
of groundwater resources. 相似文献
10.
Assessment of groundwater resources in India is guided by National Water Policy (1987, 2002) which states that groundwater resources can be exploited only up to its recharge limit. The methodology for groundwater resources assessment in India is broadly based on Ground Water Resources Estimation Methodology, 1997 and it involves assessment of annual replenishable groundwater resources (recharge), annual groundwater draft (utilization) and the percentage of utilization with respect to recharge (stage of development). The assessment units (blocks/watersheds) are categorized based on stage of groundwater development (utilization) and the long term water level trend. The present methodology though useful in identification and prioritization of areas for groundwater management, falls short of addressing several critical issues like spatial and temporal variation of groundwater availability within the aquifer, accessibility of groundwater resources and quality of groundwater. This paper introduces a new categorisation scheme considering the above issues. The proposed scheme takes into account four criteria, viz. (i) stage of exploitation, (ii) extractability factor, (iii) temporal availability factor and (iv) quality factor. In comparison to the existing method used for categorisation, the proposed approach is more inclusive. The methodology is also equally suitable for both alluvial and hard rock terrain since it takes into consideration the variable characteristics of different types of aquifers and convergence of quantitative and qualitative assessment. The categorisation proposed here involves GIS based integration of different parameters/ themes. This allows better representation of spatial variability. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in this paper taking a case study from a hard rock terrain in central India. 相似文献
11.
M. Alazard A. Boisson J-C. Maréchal J. Perrin B. Dewandel T. Schwarz M. Pettenati G. Picot-Colbeaux W. Kloppman S. Ahmed 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(1):35-57
The recharge flow paths in a typical weathered hard-rock aquifer in a semi-arid area of southern India were investigated in relation to structures associated with a managed aquifer recharge (MAR) scheme. Despite the large number of MAR structures, the mechanisms of recharge in their vicinity are still unclear. The study uses a percolation tank as a tool to identify the input signal of the recharge and uses multiple measurements (piezometric time series, electrical conductivity profiles in boreholes) compared against heat-pulse flowmeter measurements and geochemical data (major ions and stable isotopes) to examine recharge flow paths. The recharge process is a combination of diffuse piston flow and preferential flow paths. Direct vertical percolation appears to be very limited, in contradiction to the conceptual model generally admitted where vertical flow through saprolite is considered as the main recharge process. The horizontal component of the flow leads to a strong geochemical stratification of the water column. The complex recharge pattern, presented in a conceptual model, leads to varied impacts on groundwater quality and availability in both time and space, inducing strong implications for water management, water quality evolution, MAR monitoring and longer-term socio-economic costs. 相似文献
12.
Groundwater vulnerability assessment and evaluation of human activity impact (HAI) within the Dead Sea groundwater basin,Jordan 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Groundwater vulnerability to contamination was determined within the Dead Sea groundwater basin, Jordan, using the DRASTIC model and evaluation of human activity impact (HAI). DRASTIC is an index model composed of several hydrogeological parameters and, in this study, the recharge parameter component was calculated as a function of rainfall, soil permeability, slope percentage, fault system, and the intersection locations between the fault system and the drainage system, based on the hydrogeologic characteristics of hard-rock terrain in an arid region. To evaluate the HAI index, a land use/cover map was produced using an ASTER VNIR image, acquired for September 2004, and combined with the resultant DRASTIC model. By comparing the DRASTIC and HAI indices, it is found that human activity is affecting the groundwater quality and increasing its pollution risk. The land use/cover map was verified using the average nitrate concentrations in groundwater associated with land in each class. A sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to study the model sensitivity. The analyses showed that the depth to water table and hydraulic conductivity parameters have no significant impact on the model, whereas the impact of vadose zone, aquifer media, and recharge parameters have a significant impact on the DRASTIC model. 相似文献
13.
Using groundwater levels to estimate recharge 总被引:24,自引:4,他引:24
Accurate estimation of groundwater recharge is extremely important for proper management of groundwater systems. Many different
approaches exist for estimating recharge. This paper presents a review of methods that are based on groundwater-level data.
The water-table fluctuation method may be the most widely used technique for estimating recharge; it requires knowledge of
specific yield and changes in water levels over time. Advantages of this approach include its simplicity and an insensitivity
to the mechanism by which water moves through the unsaturated zone. Uncertainty in estimates generated by this method relate
to the limited accuracy with which specific yield can be determined and to the extent to which assumptions inherent in the
method are valid. Other methods that use water levels (mostly based on the Darcy equation) are also described. The theory
underlying the methods is explained. Examples from the literature are used to illustrate applications of the different methods.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
14.
The Krishni–Yamuna interstream area is a micro-watershed in the Central Ganga Plain and a highly fertile track of Western
Uttar Pradesh. The Sugarcane and wheat are the major crops of the area. Aquifers of Quaternary age form the major source of
Irrigation and municipal water supplies. A detailed hydrogeological investigation was carried out in the study area with an
objective to assess aquifer framework, groundwater quality and its resource potential. The hydrogeological cross section reveals
occurrence of alternate layers of clay and sand. Aquifer broadly behaves as a single bodied aquifer down to the depth of 100 m bgl
(metre below ground level) as the clay layers laterally pinch out. The depth to water in the area varies between 5 and 16.5 m bgl.
The general groundwater flow direction is from NE to SW with few local variations. An attempt has been made to evaluate groundwater
resources of the area. The water budget method focuses on the various components contributing to groundwater flow and groundwater
storage changes. Changes in ground water storage can be attributed to rainfall recharge, irrigation return flow and ground
water inflow to the basin minus baseflow (ground water discharge to streams or springs), evapotranspiration from ground water,
pumping and ground water outflow from the basin. The recharge is obtained in the study area using Water table fluctuation
and Tritium methods. The results of water balance study show that the total recharge in to the interstream region is of the
order of 185.25 million m3 and discharge from the study area is of the order of 203.24 million m3, leaving a deficit balance of −17.99 million m3. Therefore, the present status of groundwater development in the present study area has acquired the declining trend. Thus,
the hydrogeological analysis and water balance studies shows that the groundwater development has attained a critical state
in the region. 相似文献
15.
Nara Somaratne Keith Smettem Jacqueline Frizenschaf 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(6):2141-2151
There is a broad variety of methods to estimate groundwater recharge, but tools to assess the reliability of particular methods are not available. This paper introduces three distinct criteria to assess the reliability of recharge: applicability of the method used, availability of reliable data, and spatial coverage. Weightings of each criterion are assigned using key attributes present to total attributes required under each criterion. A reliability assessment was applied to two point-recharge and two diffuse-recharge dominated groundwater basins in South Australia. We show that the use of groundwater age based on chlorofluorocarbon and the conventional chloride mass balance method gives unreliable estimates of recharge in karstic aquifers, primarily due to inappropriate assumptions concerning the nature of recharge in these systems. Among the methods evaluated, watertable fluctuation, numerical groundwater modelling, Darcy flow calculation and the water budget method are applied to both point and diffuse recharge dominant groundwater basins. The reliability of these methods depends primarily on the quality of data and spatial coverage of the basin. Once the reliability level is known, water resources planners and managers assess the level of risk to aquifers, the environment, and the socio-economic development required for sustainable management of groundwater. 相似文献
16.
针对河渠间潜水的一维非稳定运动,考虑了补给强度的时变性,根据Boussinesq方程的第一线性化方法,应用Duhamel原理得到了方程的解析解,进一步得出补给强度为指数函数和三角函数的潜水位计算公式。通过算例分析补给强度指数增加、指数衰减和正弦函数变化条件下潜水面的变化特征,指数增加条件下潜水位单调增加,分水岭从高水位一侧向河间地块中部移动;指数衰减条件下潜水位先增大,后减小,具有一个峰值,分水岭先从高水位一侧向河间地块中部移动,之后随补给强度减弱返回到高水位河渠;正弦函数变化条件下潜水位表现出周期性起伏变化,且水位对补给的响应具有明显的时滞性,分水岭在高水位河渠与河间地块中部之间往复移动。研究结果可为量化分析地下水系统对气候变化的响应以及地表水地下水转化规律等问题提供理论依据。 相似文献
17.
黄骅坳陷在勘探石油过程中发现了丰富的地下热水。根据实际资料对黄烨坳陷大港探区的地热资源进行了初步评价,提出了黄骅场陷储热系统和热异常区的分布规律,通过水化学分析,指出坳陷补给条件差,可实行人工回灌,增加地下热水资源。 相似文献
18.
Hydrogeochemical zonation for groundwater management in the area with diversified geological and land-use setup 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Manish Kumar Roger Herbert Jr. AL. Ramanathan M. Someshwar Rao Kangjoo Kim Jyoti Prakash Deka Bhishm Kumar 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2013
Despite its limited aerial extent, the National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi, India, has diversified geological and topographical setup. A geochemical assessment of prevailing conditions of aquifer underlying the NCT was attempted and further classified into different hydrogeochemical zones on the basis of statistical and analyses and its correlation with land use, geological and climatic setting. Mineral phase study and isotopic analyses were used for the verification of performed clustering. Saturation indices (SI) calculated using the geochemical modelling code PHREEQC were used to distinguish the characteristics of four zones, as saturation states of the water does not change abruptly. Four different hydrogeochemical zones were statistically identified in the area: (1) intermediate (land-use-change-impacted) recharge zone, (2) discharge (agriculture-impacted) zone, (3) recharge (ridge) zone, and (4) recharge floodplain (untreated-discharge-impacted) zone. The distinctiveness of hydro-geochemical zones was further verified using stable isotopic (2H and 18O) signature of these waters. GIS-based flow regime in association with long-term geochemical evidences implied that these zones are being affected by different problems; thus, it necessitates separate environmental measures for their management and conservation. The study suggested that in a diversified urban setup where the complex interactions between anthropogenic activities and normal geochemical processes are functioning, hydrogeochmical zoning based on the integration of various techniques could be the first step towards sketching out the groundwater management plan. 相似文献
19.
Spatial and temporal variation of groundwater recharge in shallow aquifer in the Thepkasattri of Phuket,Thailand
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Whether groundwater resources can be sustainably utilized is largely determined and characterized by hydrogeological parameters.Estimating the groundwater recharge is one of the essential parameters for managing water resources and protecting water resources from contamination.This study researched the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater recharge in the Thepkasattri sub-district through integrating chloride mass balance(CMB)and water table fluctuation(WTF)methods.The chloride content of representative rainfall and groundwater samples was analyzed.Besides,WTF method was adopted from groundwater level data from 2012 to 2015.According to the CMB method,the mean recharge was estimated to be 1172 mm per year,accounting for 47%of the annual rainfall.Moreover,the estimated recharge from the WTF method took 26%of annual rainfall in 2015.The recharge was underestimated according to the WTF method,because of the uncertainty in specific yield estimates and the number of representative wells in the study area.Moreover,the correlation between rainfall and water table fluctuation data indicated the positive linear relationship between two parameters.The spatial recharge prediction indicated that recharge was higher(1200-1400 mm/yr)in the eastern and western catchment,while that in the central floodplains was between 800 mm/yr and 1100 mm/yr.In addition,low recharge value between 450 mm/yr and 800 mm/yr was observed in the south-west part of Thepkasattri.The spatial variation of recharge partly reflects the influences of land use and land cover of the study area. 相似文献
20.
Combination of soil-water balance models and water-table fluctuation methods for evaluation and improvement of groundwater recharge calculations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Despite a long history of related research, quantifying and verifying recharge is still a major challenge. The combination and comparison of conceptually different methods has been recommended as a strategy for evaluating recharge estimates. In this article, recharge estimates from water-table fluctuation (WTF) methods are combined with and compared to the results of the spatially and temporally discretized soil-water-balance model PROMET (processes of radiation, mass and energy transfer). As PROMET and WTF methods rely on different measurable variables, a comparison of these two contrasting techniques allows improved assessment of the plausibility of recharge estimates. An enhanced approach to WTF methods is presented. The approach assumes that in the case of no recharge, there exists a maximum possible potential decline for any given groundwater level. The primary conclusion is that WTF methods are excellent for determining the plausibility of spatially distributed regional-groundwater-recharge estimation approaches and for detecting inconsistencies in available models. Recharge estimates derived from WTF approaches alone are, however, not suitable for regional-scale recharge estimation due to (1) their strong dependency on local data, applicability of which is limited to only very specific conditions, and (2) their sensitivity to influences other than recharge. 相似文献